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Comprehensive Characterization and Quantification of Antioxidant Compounds in Finger Lime (Citrus australasica L.) by HPLC-QTof-MS and UPLC-MS/MS
No full textAustralian finger limes (Citrus australasica L.), an unusual citrus due to its unique pulp with a caviar-like appearance, has reached the global market as a promising source of bioactive compounds that promote health. This research was, therefore, performed to shed light on the bioactivity and composition of different parts of Citrus australasica L. (peel and pulp). Initial ultrasound-assisted extraction using MeOH:H2O (80:20, v/v) was carried out. After that, four fractions (hexane, ethyl acetate, butanol and water) were generated through liquid-liquid partitioning, and the total phenolic content (TPC) and antioxidant activity were evaluated using the Folin-Ciocalteu and the ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) assays, respectively. The ethyl acetate fraction in the peel, which presented the highest values of TPC and antioxidant activity, was characterized using high-performance liquid chromatography coupled to quadrupole time-of-flight (HPLC-QTof) mass spectrometry. Fifteen compounds were identified, of which seven were characterized for the first time in this matrix. Moreover, ten phenolic compounds were quantified using ultra-performance liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS). The major compounds in the sample were citric acid, pyrogallol, caffeic acid, coumarin, rutin, naringin, 2-coumaric acid, didymin, naringenin and isorhamnetin, which were found in a range from 2.7 to 8106.7 mu g/g sample dry weight. Finally, the results presented in this novel work confirmed that the peel by-product of C. australasica L. is a potential source of bioactive compounds and could result in a positive outcome for the food, cosmetics and pharmaceutical industries
GeoHealth: Geographic Information System for Health Management and Clinical, Epidemiological and Translational Research.
No full textThis project aims to develop a system for clinical, epidemiological and translational research capable of associating contextual variables and geospatial data with clinical patient information. The GeoHealth system will include a section to perform exploratory analysis that will help identify risk factors to optimize clinical decision making
Mitochondrial Homeostasis in Obesity-related Hypertriglyceridemia.
No full textThe prevalence of obesity and hypertriglyceridemia is an alarming worldwide health issue. Mitochondria play a central role in these disorders as they control cell metabolism. The aim of the present study was to characterize mitochondrial homeostasis in subcutaneous and visceral adipose tissue (SAT and VAT) in grade III obese patients with and without hypertriglyceridemia. Moreover, this study presents the evaluation of mitochondrial fitness as a marker for hypertriglyceridemia improvement. Eight control and 12 hypertriglyceridemic (HTG) grade III obese subjects undergoing bariatric surgery were included. Anthropometric and biochemical data were obtained before and 3 months after surgery. Mitochondrial homeostasis was evaluated by mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA), gene expression and protein abundance in SAT and VAT. Mitophagy-related gene expression was increased in HTG SAT and VAT, while mitochondrial marker gene expression and mtDNA were decreased, indicating an altered mitochondrial homeostasis in HTG. Mitophagy protein abundance was increased in VAT of those subjects that did not improve their levels of triglycerides after bariatric surgery, whereas mitochondrial protein was decreased in the same tissue. Indeed, triglyceride levels positively correlated with mitophagy-related genes and negatively with mitochondrial content markers. Moreover, mitochondria content and mitophagy markers seem to be significant predictors of hypertriglyceridemia and hypertriglyceridemia remission. Mitochondrial homeostasis of adipose tissue is altered in hypertriglyceridemic patients. At the protein level, mitochondria content and mitophagy are potential markers of hypertriglyceridemia remission in obese patients after bariatric surgery. These results may contribute to the implementation of a clinical approach for personalized medicine.S
Effects of the economic recession on suicide mortality in Brazil: interrupted time series analysis.
No full textto analyze trends in suicide rates in Brazil in the period before and after the start of the economic recession. interrupted time series research using national suicide data recorded in the period between 2012 and 2017 with socioeconomic subgroups analyses. Quasi-Poisson regression model was employed to analyze trends in seasonally adjusted data. there was an abrupt increase in the risk of suicide after economic recession in the population with less education (12.5%; RR = 1.125; 95%CI: 1.027; 1.232) and in the South Region (17.7%; 1.044; 1.328). After an abrupt reduction, there was a progressive increase in risk for the black and brown population and for those with higher education. In most other population strata, there was a progressive increase in the risk of suicide. the Brazilian economic recession caused different effects on suicide rates, considering social strata, which requires health strategies and policies that are sensitive to the most vulnerable populations
Switching to Glycerol Phenylbutyrate in 48 Patients with Urea Cycle Disorders: Clinical Experience in Spain.
No full textBackground and objectives: Glycerol phenylbutyrate (GPB) has demonstrated safety and efficacy in patients with urea cycle disorders (UCDs) by means of its clinical trial program, but there are limited data in clinical practice. In order to analyze the efficacy and safety of GPB in clinical practice, here we present a national Spanish experience after direct switching from another nitrogen scavenger to GPB. Methods: This observational, retrospective, multicenter study was performed in 48 UCD patients (age 11.7 ± 8.2 years) switching to GPB in 13 centers from nine Spanish regions. Clinical, biochemical, and nutritional data were collected at three different times: prior to GPB introduction, at first follow-up assessment, and after one year of GPB treatment. Number of related adverse effects and hyperammonemic crisis 12 months before and after GPB introduction were recorded. Results: GPB was administered at a 247.8 ± 102.1 mg/kg/day dose, compared to 262.6 ± 126.1 mg/kg/day of previous scavenger (46/48 Na-phenylbutyrate). At first follow-up (79 ± 59 days), a statistically significant reduction in ammonia (from 40.2 ± 17.3 to 32.6 ± 13.9 μmol/L, p0.001) and glutamine levels (from 791.4 289.8 to 648.6 247.41 mol/L, p <0.001) was observed. After one year of GPB treatment (411 92days), weobservedanimprovedmetabolic control (maintenance of ammonia and glutamine reduction, with improved branched chain amino acids profile), and a reduction in hyperammonemic crisis rate (from 0.3 0.7 to less than 0.1 0.3 crisis/patients/year, p =0.02) and related adverse effects (RAE, from 0.5 to less than 0.1 RAEs/patients/year p < 0.001). Conclusions: This study demonstrates the safety of direct switching from other nitrogen scavengers to GPB in clinical practice, which improves efficacy, metabolic control, and RAE compared to previous treatments.S
A Mediterranean-Diet-Based Nutritional Intervention for Children with Prediabetes in a Rural Town: A Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial.
No full textPrediabetes is a pathological condition in which the blood glucose concentration is higher than normal concentrations but lower than those considered necessary for a type 2 diabetes mellitus diagnosis. Various authors have indicated that the Mediterranean Diet is one of the dietary patterns with the most healthy outcomes, reducing high levels of HbA1c, triglycerides, BMI, and other anthropometric parameters. The main objective of this study was to determine the efficacy of the nutritional intervention for children with prediabetes, including the effectiveness of this nutritional education regarding anthropometric parameters. A randomized pilot trial with two groups, an experimental group (EG) and a control group (CG), using intervention in dietary habits with nutritional reinforcement was carried out on 29 children with prediabetes from a rural area. The nutritional intervention was analyzed through astrophotometric and glycemic measurements and validated surveys. Results: The results indicated improvement in eating habits, adherence to the Mediterranean diet, anthropometric measurements, mainly body mass index and perimeters, and analytical parameters, with a significant decrease in glycated hemoglobin in the EG compared to the CG (pS
Correction to: Low‑risk polycythemia vera treated with phlebotomies: clinical characteristics, hematologic control and complications in 453 patients from the Spanish Registry of Polycythemia Vera.
No full textLinoleic acid-derived oxylipins and isoprostanes plasma levels are influenced by 1,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D levels in middle-aged sedentary adults: The FIT-AGEING study.
No full textVitamin D - concretely its active form 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D (1,25(OH)2D) - maintains several physiological processes. Oxylipins are oxidized lipids derived from ω-6 and ω-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids involved in inflammation. Little is known about the association of 1,25(OH)2D with inflammatory parameters in middle-aged populations - who could be at risk of vitamin D deficiency -. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between 1,25(OH)2D plasma levels with circulating white blood cells, platelets counts and oxylipins levels. A total of 74 (53 % women) middle-aged (40-65 years old) adults were recruited for this cross-sectional study. 1,25(OH)2D plasma levels were measured using an immunochemiluminometric assay. White blood cells and platelets were analyzed by hemocytometry. ω-6 and ω-3 oxylipins plasma levels were measured using liquid chromatography - tandem mass spectrometry. Simple and multiple linear regression models, and Pearson correlation analyses, were performed to study the association of 1,25(OH)2D levels with WBC and platelets counts, and oxylipins, respectively. 1,25(OH)2D plasma levels were positively related with linoleic acid-derived oxylipins and isoprostanes plasma levels, whereas an inverse relationship with dihomo-γ-linolenic acid/linoleic acid and arachidonic acid/linoleic acid ratios was unveiled. No significant associations were observed for circulating ω-3 oxylipins, white blood cells levels or platelets count. Linoleic acid-derived oxylipins and isoprostanes plasma levels may be influenced by 1,25(OH)2D plasma levels. Further investigations are needed to elucidate the impact of other vitamin D forms upon circulating oxylipins levels
Evolution of impulsivity levels in relation to early cannabis use in violent patients in the early phase of psychosis.
No full textPrevention of violent behaviors (VB) in the early phase of psychosis (EPP) is a real challenge. Impulsivity was shown to be strongly related to VB, and different evolutions of impulsivity were noticed along treatments. One possible variable involved in the relationship between VB and the evolution of impulsivity is cannabis use (CU). The high prevalence of CU in EPP and its relationship with VB led us to investigate: 1/the impact of CU and 2/the impact of early CU on the evolution of impulsivity levels during a 3-year program, in violent and non-violent EPP patients. 178 non-violent and 62 violent patients (VPs) were followed-up over a 3 year period. Age of onset of CU was assessed at program entry and impulsivity was assessed seven times during the program. The evolution of impulsivity level during the program, as a function of the violent and non-violent groups of patients and CU precocity were analyzed with linear mixed-effects models. Over the treatment period, impulsivity level did not evolve as a function of the interaction between group and CU (coef. = 0.02, p = 0.425). However, when including precocity of CU, impulsivity was shown to increase significantly only in VPs who start consuming before 15 years of age (coef. = 0.06, p = 0.008). The precocity of CU in VPs seems to be a key variable of the negative evolution of impulsivity during follow-up and should be closely monitored in EPP patients entering care since they have a higher risk of showing VB
