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Cuidados de enfermería a mujeres que sufren violencia de género, y a sus hijos/as en el ámbito de urgencias y emergencias extrahospitalarias
No full textLa definición de violencia de género mundialmente aceptada es la de Naciones Unidas, 1993: “Todo acto de violencia basado en la pertenencia al sexo femenino, que tenga o pueda tener como resultado un daño o sufrimiento físico, sexual o psicológico para la mujer, así como la amenaza de tales actos, la coacción o la privación arbitraria de la libertad, tanto si se produce en la vida pública como en la vida privada”.
En 1996, la O.M.S. lo reconoce como un grave problema de salud pública, con graves consecuencias para las mujeres, y, por ende, sobre la totalidad del sistema sanitario.2 Y en 2013 añade: que es “UN PROBLEMA DE SALUD GLOBAL DE PROPORCIONES EPIDÉMICAS”.
Existen diferentes formas de violencia: violencia física, psicológica, sexual, económica, de control, ciberviolencia, etc. Suelen darse además más de un tipo simultáneamente.N
Vol. 28, nº 04. Evaluación de la respuesta a alertas no-covid 2021 mediante informes finales de brotes.
No full textEnfermedades de Declaración Obligatoria por provincias. Semana 03/2022 y acumulado desde semana 01/2022. Datos provisionales. Incluye además el artículo titulado "Evaluación de la respuesta a alertas no-covid 2021 mediante informes finales de brotes', de "Álvaro Serrano Ortiza; Julia Romero Barranca; Mª. Auxiliadora Vergara Díaz; Nicola Lorusso".Ye
Manual para la elaboración de planes locales de salud
No full textEl Plan Local de Salud es el instrumento que recoge la planificación de intervenciones de salud pública a realizar en el municipio. Este Plan ha de elaborarse de acuerdo con una metodología propia, probada y validada, que se basa en tres principios fundamentales: gobernanza, intersectorialidad y participación. Es decir: impulsada desde el gobierno municipal, en colaboración con todos los agentes locales y sectores que promueven la vida municipal y dando protagonismo a la ciudadanía en su desarrollo a través del trabajo en red.Ye
Towards precision pain medicine for pain after cancer: the Cancer Pain Phenotyping Network multidisciplinary international guidelines for pain phenotyping using nociplastic pain criteria.
No full textPain after cancer remains underestimated and undertreated. Precision medicine is a recent concept that refers to the ability to classify patients into subgroups that differ in their susceptibility to, biology, or prognosis of a particular disease, or in their response to a specific treatment, and thus to tailor treatment to the individual patient characteristics. Applying this to pain after cancer, the ability to classify post-cancer pain into the three major pain phenotypes (i.e. nociceptive, neuropathic, and nociplastic pain) and tailor pain treatment accordingly, is an emerging issue. This is especially relevant because available evidence suggests that nociplastic pain is present in an important subgroup of those patients experiencing post-cancer pain. The 2021 International Association for the Study of Pain (IASP) clinical criteria and grading system for nociplastic pain account for the need to identify and correctly classify patients according to the pain phenotype early in their treatment. These criteria are an important step towards precision pain medicine with great potential for the field of clinical oncology. Within this framework, the Cancer Pain Phenotyping (CANPPHE) Network, an international and interdisciplinary group of oncology clinicians and researchers from seven countries, applied the 2021 IASP clinical criteria for nociplastic pain to the growing population of those experiencing post-cancer pain. A manual is provided to allow clinicians to differentiate between predominant nociceptive, neuropathic, or nociplastic pain after cancer. A seven-step diagnostic approach is presented and illustrated using cases to enhance understanding and encourage effective implementation of this approach in clinical practice.Ye
Asociación entre discriminación percibida y salud mental en profesionales sanitarios durante la primera ola de la pandemia de COVID-19
No full textDuring the initial COVID-19 outbreak, health systems faced unprecedented organizational stress. Meanwhile, reports of episodes of discrimination and violence towards healthcare workers increased globally. This study explores the association between perceived discrimination and mental health outcomes in a large sample of healthcare workers in Spain. Healthcare workers from inpatient and outpatient facilities (N=2,053) filled an on-line questionnaire in May or June 2020. Mental health outcomes included depression symptoms (Patient Health Questionnaire [PHQ-9]), psychological distress (General Health Questionnaire [GHQ-12]) and death thoughts (Columbia Suicide Severity Rating Scale [C-SSRS]). We also measured perceived discrimination and/or stigmatization due to being a healthcare worker since pandemic onset. Regression models adjusted for potential confounding sources (age, sex, history of a mental health diagnosis and type of job) were fitted. Thirty percent of the respondents reported discrimination and/or stigmatization. Perceived discrimination was associated with higher depression (B=2.4, 95 percent CI: 1.8, 2.9) and psychological distress (B=1.1, 95 percent CI: 0.7, 1.4) scores, and with a 2-fold increase in risk of reporting death thoughts (OR=2.0, 95 percent CI: 1.4, 3.1). Perceived discrimination is a modifiable driver of mental health problems among healthcare workers. Mass media, legislators, and healthcare institutions must put in place prevention and restoration strategies to limit discrimination towards healthcare workers and reduce its mental health impact.Los sistemas de salud fueron sometidos a un nivel de estr s sin precedentes durante la primera ola de la pandemia de COVID-19 Al mismo tiempo se registr un aumento de episodios de discriminaci n y violencia contra los trabajadores sanitarios Este estudio explora la asociaci n entre la discriminaci n percibida y la salud mental en una gran muestra de trabajadores sanitarios en Espana Trabajadores sanitarios hospitalarios y no hospitalarios N 2 053 completaron una encuesta en l nea entre mayo y junio de 2020 Se incluyeron los siguientes indicadores de salud mental s ntomas depresivos PHQ-9 malestar psicol gico GHQ-12 e ideas de muerte C-SSRS Tambi n se midi la discriminaci n y o estigmatizaci n percibida desde el inicio de la pandemia por el hecho de ser trabajador sanitario Se calcularon modelos de regresi n ajustados por potenciales fuentes de confusi n edad sexo antecedentes psiqui tricos y tipo de trabajo Un 30 de los encuestados refirieron haberse sentido discriminados y o estigmatizados La discriminaci n percibida se asoci con mayores puntuaciones en depresi n B 2 4 intervalo de confianza IC al 95 de 1 8 a 2 9 y malestar psicol gico B 1 1 IC 95 de 0 7 a 1 4 y con el doble de riesgo de referir ideas de muerte OR 2 0 IC al 95 de 1 4 a 3 1 La discriminaci n percibida es un estresor modificable que puede disparar problemas de salud mental en profesionales sanitarios Medios de comunicaci n legisladores e instituciones sanitarias deben poner en marcha estrategias preventivas y restaurativas reducir la discriminaci n contra los sanitarios y reducir el impacto sobre la salud menta
Vol. 28, nº 23. Vigilancia epidemiológica de las encefalopatías espongiformes transmisibles humanas en Andalucía (EETH) 1993-2022.
No full textEnfermedades de Declaración Obligatoria por provincias. Semana 22/2023 y acumulado desde semana 01/2023. Datos provisionales. Incluye además el artículo titulado “Vigilancia epidemiológica de las encefalopatías espongiformes transmisibles humanas en Andalucía (EETH) 1993-2022”, de Antonio Varo Baena, Sección de Epidemiología, Delegación Territorial de Salud y Consumo de Córdoba
The ANTES program in COPD: First year.
No full textInvestigaciones recientes han demostrado que la enfermedad pulmonar obstructiva crónica (EPOC) puede tener orígenes tempranos en la vida1–3 y que existen numerosos factores relacionados con una función pulmonar subóptima que interactúan y se acumulan con el paso del tiempo4 (fig. 1). Estas observaciones abren nuevas ventanas de oportunidad para el diagnóstico e intervención terapéutica temprana en la EPOC5. Hace aproximadamente un año se inició el programa ANTES (Anticipando el Diagnóstico y Tratamiento de la EPOC en el Siglo XXI), financiado por GlaxoSmithKline (GSK) y dirigido por un comité científico de expertos independientes5, con los siguientes objetivos: (1) reducir el infradiagnóstico de la EPOC, (2) actuar precozmente en su historia natural, (3) optimizar la intervención terapéutica desde el inicio del tratamiento, (4) evitar las agudizaciones de la enfermedad y (5) mejorar el pronóstico de estos pacientes5. A continuación, se resumen los proyectos de investigación que ya se han puesto en marcha desde entonces
Collinsella is associated with cumulative inflammatory burden in an established rheumatoid arthritis cohort.
No full textTo analyze the gut microbiota of patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) according to disease activity. An observational cross-sectional study of 110 patients with RA and 110 age- and sex-matched controls was performed. Patients were classified according to the disease activity (DAS28 ≥3.2 or DAS28 The mean DAS28 indicated remission/low inflammatory activity in 71 patients (64.5 %) and moderate/high activity in 39 (35.5 %) during follow-up. Alpha and beta diversity analysis revealed differences in gut microbiota between the 3 study groups. In the moderate/high activity RA, we observed a significant change in the abundance of genera compared with the other groups. The abundance of Collinsella and Bifidobacterium was increased in RA patients compared with controls. The metabolic profile of gut microbiota was characterized by differences in pathways related to Biosynthesis, Generation of Precursor Metabolites/Energy, and Degradation/Utilization/Assimilation between the 3 groups. The factors associated with cumulative inflammatory activity in RA were age (OR [95 % CI], 1.065 [1.002-1.131]), obesity (OR [95% CI], 3.829 [1.064-8.785]), HAQ score (OR [95% CI], 2.729 [1.240-5.009]), and expansion of the genus Collinsella (OR [95% CI], 3.000 [1.754-9.940]). The composition of gut microbiota differed between patients with RA and moderate/high activity, patients with remission/low activity, and controls. The genus Collinsella, age, obesity, and physical function were associated with cumulative inflammatory burden in RA.This work was supported by Instituto Salud Carlos III (grants cofunded by ERDF) (PI18/00824). The research groups belong to the “Centros de Investigación en Red” (CIBERobn), of the Instituto de Salud Carlos III. The authors thank the Metagenomic Platform of the Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición, CIBERobn, Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Spain, and, especially, Pablo Rodríguez. PRL was supported by a “Sara Borrell” postdoctoral contract (CD19/00216) from the ISCIII-Madrid (Spain), co-funded by the Fondo Europeo de Desarrollo Regional-FEDER. IMI was supported by the "Miguel Servet Type II" program (CPII21/00013) of the ISCIII-Madrid (Spain). "Ayuda de Garantía Juvenil 2020" of the University of Malaga, Spain (SNGJ5Y6–12).S
IFNL4 genotype influences the rate of HIV-1 seroconversion in men who have sex with men.
No full textIndividuals lacking interferon lambda 4 (IFNL4) protein due to a common null mutation (rs368234815) in the IFNL4 gene display higher resistance against several infections. The influence of IFNL4 on HIV-1 infection is still under discussion and conflicting results have been reported. This study intended to corroborate or refute the association of the null allele of IFNL4 and HIV-1 predisposition in a cohort of men who have sex with men (MSM). IFNL4 null genotype was assessed on 619 HIV-1-seronegative MSM who were followed for 36 months during a trial of a prophylactic vaccine against HIV-1. Of those, 257 individuals seroconverted during this period. A logistic regression model was constructed including demographic and IFNL4 genotype. In addition, a meta-analysis using data from the current study and other European populations was conducted. The null IFNL4 genotypes were correlated with lower HIV-1 seroconversion (Adjusted OR = 0.4 [95%CI: 0.2-0.8], P = 0.008) and longer time to seroconversion (889 vs. 938 days, P= 0.01). These results were validated by a meta-analysis incorporating data from other European populations and the result yielded a significant association of the IFNL4 null genotype under a dominant model with a lower probability of HIV-1 infection (OR=0.4 [95% CI: 0.3-0.6]; P= 1.3 x 10E-5)
Exploring Honeybee Abdominal Anatomy through Micro-CT and Novel Multi-Staining Approaches.
No full textContinuous improvements in morphological and histochemical analyses of Apis mellifera could improve our understanding of the anatomy and physiology of these insects at both the cellular and tissue level. In this work, two different approaches have been performed to add new data on the abdomen of worker bees: (i) Micro-computed tomography (Micro-CT), which allows the identification of small-scale structures (micrometers) with adequate/optimal resolution and avoids sample damage and, (ii) histochemical multi-staining with Periodic Acid-Schiff-Alcian blue, Lactophenol-Saphranin O and pentachrome staining to precisely characterize the histological structures of the midgut and hindgut. Micro-CT allowed high-resolution imaging of anatomical structures of the honeybee abdomen with particular emphasis on the proventriculus and pyloric valves, as well as the connection of the sting apparatus with the terminal abdominal ganglia. Furthermore, the histochemical analyses have allowed for the first-time description of ventricular telocytes in honeybees, a cell type located underneath the midgut epithelium characterized by thin and long cytoplasmic projections called telopodes. Overall, the analysis of these images could help the detailed anatomical description of the cryptic structures of honeybees and also the characterization of changes due to abiotic or biotic stress conditions