The Egyptian Cardiothoracic Surgeon (ECTS - E-Journal)
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The initial conditions of stellar protocluster formation - II. A catalogue of starless and protostellar clumps embedded in IRDCs in the Galactic longitude range 15{\deg} {\le} l {\le} 55{\deg}
No full textImplicit Religion in Popular Culture: The Case of Doctor Who
No full textScience fiction has often been presented as an ideal lens through which to examine the presence of implicit religion in contemporary society. This article provides an overview of the way in which both implicit and explicit religion has been read through the British science fiction show Doctor Who (1963–present). Commentators have argued for Buddhist, Christian or Humanist themes as predominant within the diegesis, although such claims are shown to be problematic. Instead, Doctor Who presents a variety of religious positions which can be used in a polysemic manner to discuss religion by both religious and non-religious viewers. The show has been recognised by some fans and commentators as fulfilling an implicitly religious function in and of itself, and the diegetic setting, producers, and fans are all shown to have expressed interest in exploring the concept of implicit religion. In spite of this, the article concludes with a note of caution over the dangers of over-reading implicit religiosity into contemporary cultural forms such as fandom. Keyword
Modern Endodontic Planning Part 2:Access and Strategy.
No full textPoor access and iatrogenic damage can result in failed root canal treatment. Understanding tooth anatomy improves access and ensures that the clinician is cleaning and shaping the whole root canal system. If a canal is missed treatment usually fails. This paper revisits tooth anatomy and discusses how to ensure that access is optimized, but not at the expense of precious tooth structure. The concept of multi-visit root canal treatment is also addressed with emphasis on the, often overlooked, aspect of temporization. CPD/Clinical Relevance: Good anatomical knowledge of teeth is the cornerstone of endodontics. Once root treatment has begun the clinician must be logical about how many visits to take and how to temporize teeth between such visits
In the Aftermath of Violence:What Constitutes a Responsive Response?
No full textAs I began to finalize this introduction, reports were emerging of how a 21-year-old white man, called Dylann Storm Roof, had massacred nine African Americans in a church in Charleston, South Carolina. Members of the congregation had attempted to dissuade him, but Roof had insisted that he had no choice, that he had ‘to do it. You rape our women and you’re taking over our country. And you have to go’. In the immediate aftermath of what was widely reported as a ‘brutal’ and ‘senselsss’ ‘hate crime’, the governor of South Carolina, Nikki R. Haley, called for the death penalty, explaining that this was the ‘worst hate … the country has seen—in a long time’. Such reactions will no doubt recurr when Storm faces trial, but they must now also compete with the responses of the families of the deceased who, within days of the carnage, offered to forgive the accused despite the acute pain and distress they were evidently suffering (Stewart and Pérez-Peñajune 2015)
Positional mapping of PRKD1, NRP1 and PRDM1 as novel candidate disease genes in truncus arteriosus.
No full textBACKGROUND: Truncus arteriosus (TA) is characterised by failure of septation of the outflow tract into aortic and pulmonary trunks and is associated with high morbidity and mortality. Although ranked among the least common congenital heart defects, TA provides an excellent model for the role of individual genes in cardiac morphogenesis as exemplified by TBX1 deficiency caused by point mutations or, more commonly, hemizygosity as part of the 22q11.2 deletion syndrome. The latter genetic lesion, however, is only observed in a proportion of patients with TA, which suggests the presence of additional disease genes. OBJECTIVE: To identify novel genes that cause Mendelian forms of TA. METHODS AND RESULTS: We exploited the occurrence of monogenic forms of TA in the Saudi population, which is characterised by high consanguinity, a feature conducive to the occurrence of Mendelian phenocopies of complex phenotypes as we and others have shown. Indeed, we demonstrate in two multiplex consanguineous families that we are able to map TA to regions of autozygosity in which whole-exome sequencing revealed homozygous truncating mutations in PRKD1 (encoding a kinase derepressor of MAF2) and NRP1 (encoding a coreceptor of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGFA)). Previous work has demonstrated that Prkd1(-/-) is embryonic lethal and that its tissue-specific deletion results in abnormal heart remodelling, whereas Nrp1(-/-) develops TA. Surprisingly, molecular karyotyping to exclude 22q11.2 deletion syndrome in the replication cohort of 17 simplex TA cases revealed a de novo hemizygous deletion that encompasses PRDM1, deficiency of which also results in TA phenotype in mouse. CONCLUSIONS: Our results expand the repertoire of molecular lesions in chromatin remodelling and transcription factors that are implicated in the pathogenesis of congenital heart disease in humans and attest to the power of monogenic forms of congenital heart diseases as a complementary approach to dissect the genetics of these complex phenotypes
Mental health research priorities for Europe.
No full textMental and brain disorders represent the greatest health burden to Europe-not only for directly affected individuals, but also for their caregivers and the wider society. They incur substantial economic costs through direct (and indirect) health-care and welfare spending, and via productivity losses, all of which substantially affect European development. Funding for research to mitigate these effects lags far behind the cost of mental and brain disorders to society. Here, we describe a comprehensive, coordinated mental health research agenda for Europe and worldwide. This agenda was based on systematic reviews of published work and consensus decision making by multidisciplinary scientific experts and affected stakeholders (more than 1000 in total): individuals with mental health problems and their families, health-care workers, policy makers, and funders. We generated six priorities that will, over the next 5-10 years, help to close the biggest gaps in mental health research in Europe, and in turn overcome the substantial challenges caused by mental disorders
Nitrogen Regulates AMPK to Control TORC1 Signaling.
No full textBACKGROUND: Cell growth and cell-cycle progression are tightly coordinated to enable cells to adjust their size (timing of division) to the demands of proliferation in varying nutritional environments. In fission yeast, nitrogen stress results in sustained proliferation at a reduced size. RESULTS: Here, we show that cells can sense nitrogen stress to reduce target of rapamycin complex-1 (TORC1) activity. Nitrogen-stress-induced TORC1 inhibition differs from amino-acid-dependent control of TORC1 and requires the Ssp2 (AMPKα) kinase, the Tsc1/2 complex, and Rhb1 GTPase. Importantly, the β and γ regulatory subunits of AMPK are not required to control cell division in response to nitrogen stress, providing evidence for a nitrogen-sensing mechanism that is independent of changes in intracellular ATP/AMP levels. The CaMKK homolog Ssp1 is constitutively required for phosphorylation of the AMPKα(Ssp2) T loop. However, we find that a second homolog CaMKK(Ppk34) is specifically required to stimulate AMPKα(Ssp2) activation in response to nitrogen stress. Finally, ammonia also controls mTORC1 activity in human cells; mTORC1 is activated upon the addition of ammonium to glutamine-starved Hep3B cancer cells. CONCLUSIONS: The alternative nitrogen source ammonia can simulate TORC1 activity to support growth and division under challenging nutrient settings, a situation often seen in cancer