The Egyptian Cardiothoracic Surgeon (ECTS - E-Journal)
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Rethinking Stability and Change in the Study of Organizational Routines: Difference and Repetition in a Newspaper-Printing Factory
No full textOrganizational life consists of an ever-changing world of encounters, experiences and complex sociomaterial relations. Within this context, standard routines can be seen as a solution to problems of inefficiency within organizations, especially when associated with images of stability, repeatability and standardization. This can bring a sense of order where there is disorder; and stability in the face of change. However, while standard routines may be seen as providing solutions within complex and ever-changing organizational worlds, they can also be viewed as sources of organizational problems. Through an ethnographic examination of two routines within a newspaper-printing factory, our paper seeks to build on and add to contributions within Routine Dynamics (RD) by highlighting the emergence and coexistence of change and stability and the enactment of standard routines through a performative process of difference and repetition. In particular, our paper examines how organizational stability and change emerge through the dynamic relations underlying the enactment of difference and repetition and how these relations involve various – sometimes hidden – micro processes that include the simplification and amplification of facts, scripts, and concerns. By drawing together the findings from our ethnographic research, studies within the area of RD and concepts relating to the work of Deleuze and Latour, our paper therefore contributes to the work on the repetition of routines by further unpacking the generative socio-material dynamics, creative forces and micro-processes that underlie the emergence of stability and change through difference and repetition
A Systematic Review and Network Meta-Analysis to Assess the Relative Efficacy of Antipsychotics for the Treatment of Positive and Negative Symptoms in Early-Onset Schizophrenia.
No full textINTRODUCTION: Early-onset schizophrenia (EOS) is a serious debilitating disorder with considerable morbidity and a reduced life expectancy; therefore, early diagnosis and effective treatments are particularly important. Negative symptoms are more prominent in adolescents and children (compared with adults), and are key predictors of worse functional and clinical outcomes in EOS. Therefore, this study aimed to explore the relative efficacy of antipsychotics used in the treatment of EOS, with a focus on studies reporting effectiveness using the Positive and Negative Syndrome scale (PANSS), a scale that includes an overall symptom measure, in addition to separate subscales for positive and, importantly, negative symptoms. METHODS: A systematic literature review was conducted using the MEDLINE and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials databases to identify trials conducted in children and adolescents with schizophrenia, and symptom control was reported using the PANSS. A Bayesian random-effects network meta-analysis was performed, synthesising data for a number of outcomes, including mean change from baseline in PANSS scores, treatment discontinuation and weight gain. RESULTS: Eleven studies were included in the evidence synthesis, comprising 1714 patients across eight active interventions (aripiprazole, haloperidol, molindone, olanzapine, paliperidone, quetiapine, risperidone and ziprasidone) and placebo. All treatments showed a greater reduction in total PANSS scores vs placebo; however, only three interventions (molindone, olanzapine and risperidone) were associated with a statistically significant reduction in total PANSS scores at 6 weeks vs placebo. Haloperidol had the greatest reduction vs placebo; however, this result was not statistically significant [mean difference, -15.6, 95 % credible interval (-35.4, 4.1)]. Haloperidol, olanzapine and risperidone showed a statistically significant reduction in positive PANSS scores vs placebo; however, whilst all interventions showed a trend of reduction in negative PANSS scores vs placebo, no comparisons were statistically significant. CONCLUSIONS: Many of the treatments are efficacious in controlling symptoms, and all showed a trend of superiority vs placebo for total, positive and negative PANSS scores, although only olanzapine and risperidone yielded statistically significant results vs placebo for both total and positive PANSS scores. Varying results for discontinuation and weight gain demonstrate a need to balance efficacy with side-effect profiles
Insoluble and soluble roasted walnut proteins retain antibody reactivity.
No full textThermal processing techniques commonly used during food production have the potential to impact food allergens by inducing physical and/or chemical changes to the proteins. English walnuts (Juglans regia) are among the most commonly allergenic tree nuts, but little information is available regarding how walnut allergens respond to thermal processing. This study evaluated the effects of dry roasting (132 or 180°C for 5, 10, or 20min) on the solubility and immunoreactivity of walnut proteins. A dramatic decrease in walnut protein solubility was observed following dry roasting at 180°C for 20min. However, both the soluble and insoluble protein fractions from roasted walnuts maintained substantial amounts of IgG immunoreactivity (using anti-raw and anti-roasted walnut antisera), with similar patterns of reactivity observed for human IgE from walnut-allergic individuals. Thus, walnut proteins are relatively stable under certain thermal processing conditions, and IgE reactivity remains present even when insoluble aggregates are formed
Collaboration (Belgium and France)
No full textCollaboration is often associated with the military occupations of the Second World War, but there was a precursor to this multi-faceted phenomenon in occupied France and Belgium during the First World War. This article examines the meaning of collaboration in this context, its different forms, and the reaction to it during and after the war
The diagnostic accuracy of PAT-POPS and ManChEWS for admissions of children from the Emergency Department
No full textBackground The Pennine Acute Trust (PAT) Paediatric Observation Priority Score (PAT-POPS) is a specific Emergency Department (ED) physiological and observational aggregate scoring system, with scores of 0-18. A higher score indicates greater likelihood of admission. The Manchester Children’s Early Warning System (ManChEWS) assesses six physiological observations to create a trigger score, classified as Green, Amber or Red. Methods Prospectively collected data were used to calculate PAT-POPS and ManChEWS on 2068 patients aged under 16 (mean 5.6 years, SD 4.6) presenting over one month to a UK District General Hospital Paediatric ED. ROC comparison, using STATA 13, was used to investigate the ability of ManChEWS and PAT-POPS to predict admission to hospital within 72 hours of presentation to the ED. Results Comparison of the area under the Receiver Operating Characteristics (ROC) curve indicates that the ManChEWS ROC is 0.67 (95% CI 0.64 to 0.70) and the PAT-POPS ROC is 0.72 (95% CI 0.68 to 0.75). The difference is statistically significant. At a PAT-POPS cut-off of ≥2, 80% of patients had their admission risk correctly classified (Positive likelihood ratio 3.40, 95% CI 2.90-3.98) whereas for ManChEWS with a cut off of ≥Amber only 71% of patients were correctly classified (Positive likelihood ratio 2.18, 95% CI 1.94 to 2.45). Conclusions PAT-POPS is a more accurate predictor of admission risk than ManChEWS. Replacing ManChEWS with PAT-POPS would appear to be clinically appropriate in a Paediatric ED. This needs validation in a multi-centre study
Localised corrosion in AA 2099-T83 aluminium-lithium alloy:the role of grain orientation
No full textWhich stocks drive the size, value, and momentum anomalies and for how long? Evidence from a statistical leverage analysis
No full textA large number of neoclassical, behavioral, and bias-based theories try to explain the tendency of small, value, and winner stocks to outperform big, growth, and loser stocks, three well-known characteristic anomalies. Because the theories often predict similar relationships between a stock’s propensity to contribute to the anomalies and a set of correlated firm characteristics, existing studies focusing on single theories do not tell us which theory is most successful in explaining the anomalies. To fill this gap, we use a new non-parametric methodology to run a horse race between the theories. In the first step, we use statistical leverage analysis to find out which stocks are ultimately responsible for the anomalies. In the second, we use the firm characteristics suggested by the theories to forecast the identity of the anomaly drivers, with the purpose of determining which theory is most supported by the data. We find that behavioral theories are most convincing in explaining the size and book-to-market anomalies, while no theory is convincing in explaining the momentum anomaly.KeywordsCharacteristic anomalies Statistical leverage analysis Efficient market
Which Fathers Are Involved in Caring for Pre-school Age Children in the United Kingdom?:A Longitudinal Analysis of the Influence of Work Hours in Employment on Shared Childcare Arrangments in Couple Households
No full textFathers still put less time than mothers into the domestic tasks involved in looking after their children but across European countries, Australia, and North America, they are more involved than was the case for fathers 20 or 30 years ago (Hook, 2006). Gender inequalities are less pronounced in some countries, for example, Sweden, compared to other Western states (e.g., Craig and Mullen, 2011; Sullivan et al., 2009; OECD, 2010; Hook, 2006) and there is household variation within countries (Raley et al., 2012; Norman et al., 2014).This chapter examines fathers’ involvement in the domestic tasks of caring for their preschool children in the United Kingdom. The paternal involvement of direct engagement in childcare tasks is distinct from economic provision for the child’s well-being via employment (Dermott, 2003; also see Norman, 2015). We focus on the effect of the fathers’ and mothers’ employment hours on paternal involvement in childcare, and whether the way that parents’ organize their work and childcare arrangements in the first year of the child’s life influences paternal involvement as the child grows up.First we summarize the findings from previous research, followed by a description of recent developments in the United Kingdom’s statutory work-family reconciliation policies to support paternal involvement. Then we introduce the longitudinal Millennium Cohort Study (MCS), which we use to analyze father’s involvement in looking after their child at nine months after the birth and when the child is three years old. The analysis explores the impact of hours of employment, gender role attitudes, occupational class, and other household characteristics on paternal involvement. The conclusion discusses the policy implications
Building Bridges: Toward Alternative Theory of Sustainable Supply Chain Management
No full textWe contend that the development of sustainable supply chain management (SSCM) theory has been impaired by a lack of paradigmatic diversity in the field. The contested nature of the concept of sustainability has been repressed in SSCM theory, which has led to SSCM cutting itself off from debates that could be the source of inspiration for the development of interesting theory. We adopt the problematization approach proposed by Alvesson and Sandberg (2011) in order to unveil some of SSCM’s unquestioned assumptions, propose an alternative assumption ground, and in this way move toward stronger theory in SSCM. We use paradoxical framing to make sense of the inherent tensions between the different levels of sustainability and between the different types of theory being produced in response to the challenges of sustainability. We articulate a number of foundational assumptions for an alternative theory of SSCM that emerge from the various tensions identified between the different paradigms of sustainability. Finally, we identify a number of ideas for future research that would enable researchers to empirically explore the alternative assumptions