Ornitología Neotropical (E-Journal)
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RANGO DE HOGAR Y USO DE HÁBITAT DEL FRUTERO VERDINEGRO PIPREOLA RIEFFERII EN BOSQUES MONTANOS FRAGMENTADOS AL NORTE DE PERÚ
Get PDFResumen ∙ La fragmentación del hábitat ha causado la extinción local de muchas especies y mayormente de aquellas con poblaciones pequeñas. Sin embargo, ciertas características del paisaje permiten que algunas especies logren persistir a pesar del impacto en sus hábitats. Desde 2016 a 2019, estudiamos el rango de hogar y el uso de hábitat en función de la densidad poblacional del frutero verdinegro Pipreola riefferii (estimada mediante puntos de conteo) en bosques de niebla fragmentados en el norte de Perú. Usando radiotelemetría (10 individuos en 7 paisajes) estimamos que la media del rango de hogar para el frutero verdinegro basada en 95% densidad de Kernel (KDE) fue 3,72 ± 1,70 ha, y de 100% Polígono Mínimo Convexo (MCP) fue 1,85 ± 0,84 ha. La densidad del frutero verdinegro en bosque primario fue igual que en fragmentos, y significativamente más alta que en zonas de bosques en regeneración o silvopastoriles. Al mismo tiempo, la densidad en el bosque estuvo correlacionada negativamente con la cobertura del dosel medida con densitometría esférica. Concluimos que el frutero verdinegro puede persistir en paisajes fragmentados porque posee rangos de hogar pequeños y se encuentra en lugares con aperturas del dosel parcialmente abierto. Recomendamos el mantenimiento de bosque en regeneración u otras formas de hábitat sucesionales con abundancia de arbustos para mejorar la conectividad poblacional y la persistencia del frutero verdinegro en fragmentos aislados
FIRST RECORD OF A CYANISTIC (BLUE) PLUMAGE ABNORMALITY IN ORANGE-FRONTED PARAKEETS EUPSITTULA CANICULARIS IN MEXICO
Get PDFPigmentary coloration in bird plumage involves several pigment types. In addition, Psittacidae species (parrots and allied) synthetize their own yellow pigment, psittacin (psittacofulvin), which is normally present in green feathers. The inability to synthetize psittacine, due to a gene mutation, results in a cyanistic —or blue— plumage phenotype. We present the first record of a cyanistic (blue) abnormality in the plumage of the Orange-fronted Parakeet Eupsittula canicularis in Mexico. Two young blue parakeets were removed from their nest in 2023 and kept as pets. Both birds lacked the typical green coloration and displayed extensive blue plumage on the entire body. The frequency of psittacin mutations in wild Psittacidae populations is unknown, but the alleles involved must be quite rare. Further studies are needed to understand the biology and ecology of the species in relation to possible population declines that could potentially increase the homozygous frequency for the recessive blue allele
MOLECULAR SEXING AND ITS RELATIONSHIP WITH THE SEMI-CONCEALED YELLOW CORONAL PATCH OF THE WHITE-THROATED SPADEBILL PLATYRINCHUS MYSTACEUS CANCROMUS
Get PDFIn sexually monomorphic species, sex identification by molecular techniques is an important alternative. In this study, we employed molecular sexing to determine the sex of seven adult females, two immature females, one female with missing age data, and 21 adult males of White-throated Spadebills Platyrinchus mystaceus cancromus. The sex and age of each individual were associated with the presence or absence of a semi-concealed yellow coronal patch, typical of the species. All males displayed the semi-concealed patch, and four out of seven adult females also exhibited it. One of the two juvenile females exhibited a patch. The female with missing age data also exhibited the patch. This finding disputes previous reports that juveniles of this species do not have coronal patches. We conclude that semi-concealed yellow coronal patches are not sexually dimorphic in White-throated Spadebills. Both sexes can have a patch, but adults who do not have them are females
DOT-WINGED CRAKE PORZANA SPILOPTERA (RALLIDAE; DURNFORD, 1877) IN CHILE: NEW RECORDS AND A REVIEW OF THE STATUS OF PACIFIC POPULATIONS
Get PDFWe report new records of the Dot-winged Crake Porzana spiloptera in southern Chile, an almost unknown species distributed mainly in Argentina and recently discovered in Chile. The occasional capture of a juvenile of the species at Cruces River wetland (39°S), and the analysis of sound recordings obtained to explore the acoustic attributes of urban wetland soundscapes, made it possible to discuss the status of the Pacific populations of the species. The new records show that P. spiloptera has a resident status and suggest that the presence of the species in Chile went historically unnoticed, and that it has been confused with the Black Rail Laterallus jamaicensis. Comprehensive surveys and dedicated research that provide fundamental biological aspects such as the current distribution, population abundance, habitat requirements, and main threats for these secretive rails are urgently needed for their conservation
PRIMER REGISTRO DE NIDIFICACIÓN Y OTRAS OBSERVACIONES SOBRE EL BÚHO VENTRIBANDEADO (PULSATRIX MELANOTA)
Get PDFThe Band-bellied Owl (Pulsatrix melanota) is among the least known Neotropical strigiforms, and up to now, no nesting records of the species have been published. In July 2020 in a locality in the eastern foothills of central Peru, an active nest occupied by a single chick and an adult pair of band-bellied owls was found. The nest was located on a small triangular ledge (≈170 cm2) at 6 m high in a forked trunk of a 17 m high and 93,3 cm DBH Albizia carbonaria tree, in a gently sloping hillside of a small ravine at 1290 m a.s.l. The nesting tree was located only at 4 m from a transited road and 40 m from a small village. The habitat in the nest site was dominated by agricultural land. In addition, we describe three other chicks, provide morphometric measurements of an adult and notes on the diet
RUTA MIGRATORIA, FENOLOGÍA Y SITIOS DE PARADA DEL ZARAPITO DE PICO RECTO (LIMOSA HAEMASTICA) DURANTE SU CICLO MIGRATORIO (2016-2017) ENTRE CHILOÉ Y ALASKA
Get PDFEl objetivo del presente trabajo fue conocer la ruta migratoria, tiempos y zonas de parada de Limosa haemastica, durante su ciclo migratorio (años 2016-2017) entre Chiloé y Alaska, mediante el seguimiento satelital de cinco individuos capturados en el humedal marino de Chullec (42°28’04,8’’S; 73°32’21,6’’W), Chiloé, sur de Chile. En los dos años de monitoreo, los individuos mostraron un patrón migratorio similar en cuanto a la ruta realizada, los tiempos de salida desde Chiloé (mes de abril) y llegada a sus zonas de reproducción en Alaska (mes de mayo). Las aves utilizaron la Ruta del Pacífico exclusivamente para un vuelo sin parada desde Chiloé hasta el sur de América del Norte. En adelante, las aves utilizaron la Ruta Midcontinental tanto para llegar hacia Alaska, como en su retorno hacia el hemisferio sur. Durante un ciclo migratorio completo, las aves monitoreadas destinaron una mayor proporción de su tiempo para permanecer en Chiloé (43%), seguido por la duración de su migración hacia el sur (31%). De esto último, se identificó un mayor número de sitios de parada (25) durante su ruta migratoria hacia el sur. De acuerdo con las bases de datos oficiales disponibles, una proporción importante (54,3%) de los sitios de parada identificados para L. haemastica no poseen figuras de protección para la conservación de la naturaleza. Los presentes resultados entregan un insumo de importancia para la definición de nuevas áreas naturales protegidas enfocadas a la conservación de aves playeras migratorias, a nivel continental
DESCRIPCIÓN DEL NIDO Y HUEVOS DEL PICOGUADAÑA PIQUIPARDO (CAMPYLORHAMPHUS PUSILLUS) EN LA CORDILLERA DEL CÓNDOR, SURESTE DE ECUADOR
Get PDFLa información sobre la ecología reproductiva del género Campylorhamphus es incompleta. En esta nota proporcionamos información detallada del nido y huevos del Picoguadaña Piquipardo (Campylorhamphus pusillus). Esta pequeña paseriforme se considera poco común en su área de distribución; y, la información sobre su reproducción era hasta el momento desconocida. Dos nidos de la especie fueron encontrados en la Cordillera del Cóndor, sureste de Ecuador. Ambos se registraron dentro de bosques montanos densos, en orificios de árboles muertos, la entrada a los nidos se ubicó a aproximadamente 2 m del suelo; y, en su interior se observó una base de hojas secas, similares a los pocos nidos del género Campylorhamphus conocidos. En ambos nidos se observaron dos huevos blancos, lisos, de forma ovalada y de aproximadamente 2,5 x 2 cm. La información aquí descrita, proporciona datos que fortalecen el conocimiento sobre la reproducción de este picoguadaña
NESTING OF THE GREATER YELLOW-HEADED VULTURE (CATHARTES MELAMBROTUS) IN EASTERN PERU
Get PDFThe Greater Yellow-headed Vulture (Cathartes melambrotus) is one of the less known cathartids (Cathartiformes, Cathartidae), especially in its reproductive biology, being the only species in the family that does not have nest description. Here I describe the discovery of one nest located in a cavity 55 m above the ground on a 70 m high x 130 m wide cliff at 1.230 masl. in the eastern rainforest of central Peru. The nest was found during late dry season (October 31, 2019), and contained a well-developed chick (50-60 days old) which was being fed by the parents. The habitat surrounding the nesting site presented thinned forests for shade of coffee crops, banana and citrus plantations and remnants of adult secondary forest in the streams
CHARACTERIZATION OF MOLECULAR GENETIC MARKERS IN SPHENISCUS BANDED PENGUINS FOR THE IDENTIFICATION OF A STRANDED JUVENILE INDIVIDUAL IN CENTRAL AMERICA
No full textAbstract. – In this study, the mitochondrial Cytochrome C Oxidase 1 gene, three nuclear microsatellite markers, and the MHC class II DRβ1 exon 2 were assessed for species-specific differences that would allow diagnostic identification of Spheniscus mendiculus, S. humboldti, and S. magellanicus specimens. Analyses of reference samples for these species revealed that genetic variation at these markers showed species-specific haplotypes and alleles that can provide positive evidence for species identification. Bayesian cluster analyses demonstrated high probability of assignment (>99%) for individual samples to their corresponding species. The set of nuclear and mitochondrial markers studied proved useful for the identification of a juvenile penguin stranded on the Pacific Ocean shores of El Salvador as a Magellanic penguin. The negative consequences of accidental captures of Magellanic penguins by fishermen and the relocation of wildlife through human intervention are discussed
BLACK-CHEEKED GNATEATER (CONOPOPHAGA MELANOPS) (AVES: CONOPOPHAGIDAE): A PREDATOR OF SMALL FROGS AND LIZARDS IN THE ATLANTIC FOREST
No full textThe Conopophagidae family has only one report of predation of small vertebrates, being an anuran observed for the genus Conopophaga. Here, we present a record of predation on a small anuran amphibian by Conopophaga melanops. The record was made in 2008 in a Southeast Brazil. A recently dead individual of Fritziana mitus, with several lesions on its body, was observed next to an adult female of C. melanops captured in a mist net. We found only two records of predation of small vertebrates by C. melanops, being an anuran and a lizard. The three available records occurred during the reproductive period of C. melanops, indicating that the prey may serve as a resource to feed the young. This type of behavior, as well as the predator-prey relationship, should be better investigated in the field, especially in the Atlantic Forest, region with a high bird and frog diversity