Ornitología Neotropical (E-Journal)
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ESTRUCTURA DE EDAD Y SEXO DE CÓNDOR ANDINO (VULTUR GRYPHUS) EN ÁREAS DE ALIMENTACIÓN DE CHILE CENTRAL
Get PDFAge and sex structure of Andean Condor (Vultur gryphus) in feeding areas of central Chile. – The age and sex structures of the Andean Condor are known for some parts of its range while in other such areas data are lacking. The aim of this study was to obtain demographic data from the Andes of central Chile and to compare them with those available from other areas of distribution. From 2009–2010, we studied the age and sex structure of the Andean Condor in central Chile at feeding sites. Four carrion points were provided by us. The carrion comprised carcasses of sheep, donkey, and guanaco. Condor abundance at experimental carrion (mean = 36.25, SE = 48.45) was highly variable (CV = 134%), and we observed a higher proportion of adults (54%) than immatures (46%). Overall the sex ratio of adults was male-biased (52:48). The age and sex structures in our study are consistent with those found in other areas of the species’ distribution. Our results show a higher proportion of adult birds and males at feeding sites in the Andes of central Chile, which has implications on the population viability of the Andean Condor
ADULT NEST ATTENDANCE AND DIET OF NESTLING RESPLENDENT QUETZALS (PHAROMACHRUS MOCINNO) IN THE TALAMANCA MOUNTAINS OF SOUTHERN COSTA RICA
Get PDFAbstract ∙ Resplendent Quetzals (Pharomachrus mocinno) inhabit mid to high elevation forests from southern Mexico to Panama. Lipid rich fruits from the Lauraceae family have been found to account for a large proportion of adult diet across their annual life cycle. To better understand the relationship between quetzals and Lauraceae during the breeding season, we studied food deliveries to nestlings in the Talamanca Mountains at San Gerardo de Dota, Costa Rica in the Rio Savegre watershed. Our study had four primary objectives: 1) determine parental contribution of males and females feeding nestling quetzals, 2) determine type of food delivered to nestling quetzals, 3) determine if deliveries of fruit items were related to their abundance and/or nutritional content and 4) determine if Lauraceae fruits made up a large proportion of nestling diets based on the high preference quetzals have displayed for fruits from this plant family. Hourly delivery rates were similar for the male and female (1.24 ± 0.68 and 1.44 ± 0.84). During the first 6 days, the largest proportion of the diet was animal prey; primarily lizards and beetles. After day 6, fruit rapidly became the dominant food item delivered to nestlings until fledging. The dominant number of fruits delivered to nestling quetzals were fruits from the Lauraceae family and included Ocotea holdrigeiana, Necatandra cufodontisii, and Aiouea costaricensis. All three had some of the highest protein and lipid content of all fruits delivered to nestlings. O. holdrigeiana had the highest protein and lipid content of all fruits delivered, had the lowest relative abundance, and was delivered more frequently than all other fruits. Conservation strategies for this species should take into account not just increasing available habitat, but also increasing habitat quality by focusing on species composition to provide abundant food plants for the Resplendent Quetzal to forage.Resumen ∙ Atención al nido y dieta de pichones del Quetzal Resplandeciente (Pharomachrus mocinno) en las Montañas Talamanca del sur de Costa Rica El Quetzal Resplandeciente (Pharomachrus mocinno) habita bosques de media a alta elevación del sur de México a Panamá. Frutas ricas en lípidos de la familia Lauraceae han sido consideradas constituyentes importantes de su dieta a lo largo de su ciclo anual de vida. Para entender mejor la relación entre quetzales y Lauraceae durante la temporada de cría, estudiamos entregas alimenticias a pichones en las montañas Talamanca en San Gerardo de Dota, Costa Rica en la Cuenca del Rio Savegre. Nuestro estudio tuvo cuatro objetivos primarios: 1) determinar la contribución del macho y la hembra en la alimentación de crías de quetzal, 2) determinar el tipo de entregas alimenticias a crías de quetzal, 3) determinar si las entregas de artículos frutales fueron relacionadas a su abundancia y/o contenido nutricional, y 4) determinar si frutas de Lauraceae conformaron una gran proporción de la dieta de crías de quetzal basado en la alta preferencia que quetzales han demostrado por frutas de esta familia. La proporción de entregas por hora fue similar en machos y hembras (1.24 ± 0.68 y 1.44 ± 0.84). Durante los primeros 6 días, presa animales constituyeron la mayor proporción de la dieta, ante todo lagartijas y escarabajos. Después del día 6, frutos constituyeron rápidamente el artículo de dieta dominante entregado a crías hasta que estas dejaron el nido. La mayor cantidad de frutas entregadas a crías de quetzal perteneció a la familia Lauraceae incluyendo Ocotea holdrigeiana, Nectandra cufodontisii, y Aiouea costaricensis. Las tres tuvieron el más alto contenido lipídico y de proteína de todas las frutas entregadas a crías. Interesantemente, O. holdrigeiana tuvo el más alto contenido lípido y de proteína de todas las frutas entregadas, la más baja abundancia relativa en el ambiente circundante, y fue utilizada más frecuentemente que todas las otras frutas. Estrategias de conservación para esta especie deben tomar en cuenta no solo incrementar el hábitat disponible, pero también incrementar la calidad del hábitat enfocándose en la composición de las especies vegetales, para asegurarse de proveer frutos en abundancia para la alimentación del Quetzal Resplandeciente
FIRST DESCRIPTION OF THE NEST AND EGG OF THE STIPPLE-THROATED ANTWREN (EPINECROPHYLLA HAEMATONOTA)
Get PDFABSTRACT ∙ The life histories of most Epinecrophylla antwrens are poorly known. I describe the first nest and egg of the Stipple‐throated Antwren (E. haematonota), which was found in the southern lowland rainforest of Amazonian Peru. The closed and globular nest was located 0.33 m from the ground, and was laterally supported by palm fronds. The single egg was off‐white and partially covered by dark magenta spotting. The nest and egg descriptions match other Epinecrophylla, but differ from Myrmotherula. The results support the split of Epinecrophylla from Myrmotherula.RESUMEN ∙ Primera descripción del nido y huevo del Hormiguerito Dorsirrojo (Epinecrophylla haematonota) en Perú ∙ La biología de casi todas las especies de hormigueritos del genero Epinecrophylla es muy poco conocida. Aquí describo el primer nido y huevo del Hormiguerito Dorsirrojo (E. haematonota), encontrado en el sur de la selva amazónica del Perú. El nido cerrado y de forma globular estaba ubicado a 0,33 m del piso, con soporte lateral de cañas de palma. El único huevo era blanco con manchas magentas. La descripción del nido y huevo es similar a las de otras especies de Epinecrophylla, pero diferente de Myrmotherula. Estos resultados apoyan la identidad de Epinecrophylla como género separado de Myrmotherula
Sub‐Antarctic Magellanic Ornithology. The First Decade of Bird Studies at Omora Ethnobotanical Park, Cape Horn Biosphere Reserve
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ABERRANT PLUMAGE IN THE WHITE‐THROATED PIPING‐GUAN (PIPILE GRAYI PELZELN, 1870, CRACIDAE)
Get PDFABSTRACT ∙ There is limited information regarding cases of aberrant plumage in Cracidae. Here we present the first record of aberrant plumage in the White‐throated Piping‐guan (Pipile grayi). The individual with aberrant plumage was predominantly white‐colored, but with pale cream underparts. Unfeathered body parts like the fleshy wattle, bill, and tarsus had pink color. Based on these characteristics we conclude that it likely constitutes a case of “Ino‐light” mutation.RESUMO ∙ Plumagem aberrante em Jacutinga‐de‐barbela‐branca (Pipile grayi Pelzeln, 1870, Cracidae) Informações referentes a aberrações na coloração de plumagem são limitadas. Nesta comunicação breve apresenta‐ mos o primeiro registro de coloração aberrante de plumagem de Jacutinga‐de‐barbela‐branca (Pipile grayi). O indi‐ víduo apresentou plumagem com coloração predominantemente branca, com as partes inferiores com coloração creme. Outras partes do corpo, como barbela, bico e tarso apresentaram coloração rosada. Através destas caracterís‐ ticas fenotípicas e utilizando‐se de chaves de identificação para mutação de plumagem em aves disponíveis na litera‐ tura é suscetível que esta aberração se trate de um caso de mutação “Ino‐light
HABITAT ASSOCIATIONS OF LAND BIRDS IN FERNANDO DE NORONHA, BRAZIL
Get PDFABSTRACT Fernando de Noronha is one of few archipelagos of Brazil. These islands harbor five species of land birds: two introduced species (House Sparrow, Passer domesticus, and Cattle Egret, Bubulcus ibis), one widespread dove (Eared Dove, Zenaida auriculata) and two endemic passerines. The two endemic species, Noronha Vireo (Vireo gracilirostris) and Noronha Elaenia (Elaenia ridleyana), have been classified as ‘Near Threatened’ and ‘Vulnerable’, respectively. Here, we quantified the abundance of land birds and correlated it to habitat features to assess potential habitat preferences. We carried out 120 five‐minute point counts in October 2009, and correlated bird abundance with percentages of woodland, bushes, low herbs, bare ground, and man‐made habitats in each sample. The abundance of Noronha Vireo and Noronha Elaenia was positively correlated with woodland and bushes cover. The Eared Dove was associated to sites with bare ground, the House Sparrow with man‐made habitats, and the Cattle Egret with low vegetation sites. Abundances of Noronha Vireo and Noronha Elaenia were significantly higher in sites with natural vegetation than in human‐influenced areas. The association between these species and areas with high native vegetation cover highlights their potential vulnerability to human disturbance. RESUMO ∙ Associações entre os ambientes e as aves terrestres de Fernando de Noronha, BrasilFernando de Noronha é um dos poucos arquipélagos do Brasil. Estas ilhas abrigam cinco espécies de aves terrestres: duas espécies introduzidas (Passer domesticus e Bubulcus ibis), uma pomba com ampla distribuição (Zenaida auriculata) e duas espécies de passeriformes endêmicos (Vireo gracilirostris e Elaenia ridleyana). Estas duas espécies são classificadas como “quase ameaçada” (V. gracilirostris) e “vulnerável” (E. ridleyana). Neste estudo, quantificamos a abundancia das aves terrestres e correlacionamos com as características de habitat do arquipélago de Fernando de Noronha. Fizemos 120 pontos de escuta de cinco minutos em outubro de 2009, comparamos a abundancia de aves com a porcentagem de ambientes contendo vegetação árvobórea, arbustos, vegetação rasteira, solo aberto e construções amostradas em um raio de 25m. A abundancia de V. gracilirostris e de E. ridleyana é positivamente correlacionada com porcentagem de cobertura de árvores e arbustos. A abundancia de Z. auriculata está positivamente correlacionada com a porcentagem de solo aberto, a abundancia de P. domesticus com construções e de B. ibis com a porcentagem de vegetação rasteira. As abundancias de V. gracilirostris e E. ridleyana são significativamente maiores em locais com vegetação conservada, distante das vilas. As associações entre as es
ÁMBITO DE HOGAR, FIDELIDAD AL SITIO Y SELECCIÓN DE RECURSOS DE LA CORTARRAMA PERUANA (PHYTOTOMA RAIMONDII) EN EL BOSQUE SECO DE TALARA, NOROESTE DE PERÚ
Get PDFHome range, site fidelity and resource selection of the Peruvian Plantcutter (Phytotoma raimondii) in the Dry Forest of Talara, northwestern Peru. – The Peruvian Plantcutter (Phytotoma raimondii) is an endemic bird from northwestern Peru. It is considered endangered due to habitat fragmentation. Although there are many studies on this species, some aspects of its natural history and habitat requirements remain little studied. Here, I assess home range, site fidelity, and resource selection in four pairs of Peruvian Plantcutters in the dry forest of Talara-Piura between February and August 2013. Home ranges varied from 0.68 to 3.44 ha (mean = 1.70 ± 0.99). There was strong evidence for site fidelity of all eight individuals. Plantcutters favored the use of palo negro (Grabowskia boerhaaviaefolia) and algarrobo (Prosopis pallida). These plants are used by the Peruvian Plantcutter for foraging, nesting, and shelter; therefore both plants constitute important resources, which must be considered in conservation plans for the species
LA GOLONDRINA RABADILLA CANELA (PETROCHELIDON PYRRHONOTA) CRÍA EN SUDAMÉRICA
Get PDFResumen ∙ Globalmente, la reproducción de aves en áreas de invernada es un fenómeno raro. La Golondrina Rabadilla Canela (Petrochelidon pyrrhonota) cría en Norteamérica e inverna en Sudamérica y se conocen cinco intentos de reproducción presuntamente fallidos en el centro‐este de Argentina y centro de Chile. Aquí describimos el primer caso de reproducción exitosa de esta especie en Sudamérica. Una colonia bajo un puente de concreto sobre el Río Tercero (Villa María, Córdoba, Argentina) crió pichones exitosamente por primera vez dentro del área de invernada. La construcción de nidos comenzó el 10 de noviembre 2015 y los últimos fueron abandonados el 20 de enero 2016. De 33 nidos completos, al menos 8 produjeron volantones que dejaron sus nidos entre el 12 y el 28 de diciembre. Se observaron hasta 15 volantones simultáneamente en los alrededores de la colonia. Un nido encontrado el 27 de noviembre de 2015 unos 20 km al NE de Villa Mirasol (La Pampa, Argentina) constituye un nuevo intento de cría en una nueva localidad. Dado lo impredecible del retorno de las Golondrinas Rabadilla Canela a sus colonias, es incierto si establecerán poblaciones de cría regulares en Sudamérica. Es importante monitorear la colonia de cría aquí descripta y relevar puentes de concreto buscando posibles nuevas colonias de cría en Argentina.Abstract ∙ The Cliff Swallow (Petrochelidon pyrrhonota) breeds in South America Worldwide, the breeding of birds in overwintering areas is a rare phenomenon. The Cliff Swallow (Petrochelidon pyrrhonota) breeds in North America and overwinters in South America, and five presumably unsuccessful breeding attempts have been documented during the Austral spring and summer in east‐central Argentina and central Chile. Here we describe the first case of successful breeding of this species in South America. A colony under a concrete bridge over the Río Tercero (Villa María, Córdoba, Argentina) succeeded in raising chicks for the first time on the wintering grounds. Nest‐building began 10 November 2015, and the last nests were abandoned on 20 January 2016. Of 33 finished nests, at least 8 succeeded in raising fledglings that left their nests between 12 and 28 of December. Up to 15 fledglings were observed simultaneously around the colony. A nest found on 27 November 2015 some 20 km NE of Villa Mirasol (La Pampa, Argentina) constitutes a new breeding attempt in a new locality. Given their unpredictable return to colonies, it is uncertain whether Cliff Swallows will establish regular breeding populations in South America. It is important to monitor the colony herein described and to survey concrete bridges looking for possible new colonies in Argentina.