Ornitología Neotropical (E-Journal)
Not a member yet
359 research outputs found
Sort by
FIRST RECORD OF THE CLAY-COLORED SPARROW (PASSERELLIDAE: SPIZELLA PALLIDA) FOR SOUTH AMERICA
Get PDFAbstract · The species of the genus Spizella breed in Canada and in the United States, and five of this six species are migrants. One of this migratory species is the Clay-colored Sparrow (Spizella pallida) that is rarely observed south of Mexico and Guatemala. We present the first record of the Clay-colored Sparrow in South America. An individual of S. pallida collided with a window on 11 May 2016 in Santiago de Cali, Colombia. The specimen was an adult male that had abundant fat throughout the body and was deposited at the Icesi University zoological collection (ICZ-A0017). This is the first record for this species in South America.Resumen · Primer registro del Arrocero Pálido (Paserellidae: Spizella pallida) para Sudamérica Las especies del género Spizella se reproducen en Canadá y en los Estados Unidos y cinco de estas seis especies son migratorias. Una de estas especies migrantes es el Arrocero Pálido (Spizella pallida) el cual es raramente observado al sur de México y Guatemala. Aquí presentamos el primer registro del Arrocero Pálido en Sudamérica. Un individuo de S. pallida chocó con una ventana el 11 de mayo de 2016 en Santiago de Cali, Colombia. El espécimen correspondía a un macho adulto que poseía abundante grasa por todo el cuerpo y fue depositado en la colección zoológica de la Universidad Icesi (ICZ-A0017). Este es el primer registro de esta especie para el continente Sudamericano
NESTING ECOLOGY OF THE ENDANGERED CHILEAN WOODSTAR (EULIDIA YARRELLII)
Get PDFAbstract ∙ The Chilean Woodstar (Eulidia yarrellii) is a critically endangered hummingbird of the Atacama desert in northern Chile, with a population estimate of around 320 individuals in 2017. To generate useful information for the design of population-recovery actions, we conducted a study of the nesting ecology of the species between 2006 and 2008. Our specific goals were to provide a quantitative description of the species breeding habitat, to describe the basic breeding biology of the species, and to assess the current levels of nesting success. Most of our work was conducted in the valleys of Azapa and Vitor, two of the three last valleys where the species is known to persist. Although we recorded some juveniles in Azapa, we only observed the species nesting in one site in Chaca (Vitor valley), in a small (1.4 ha) olive grove where 13–20 simultaneous nests were found during the studied breeding seasons. Nesting occurs in September–October, and its timing is apparently synchronized with the flowering of chañar (Geoffroea decorticans). The species has a particularly long breeding period with an average of 48 days (17 d for the egg stage, 31 d for the nestling stage). The Mayfield index of nest success ranged from 21–44%. The probability of nest failure was significantly higher closer to the feeding areas. The implications of our results for a habitat restoration program are discussed, particularly the different requirements of females and males. Resumen ∙ Ecología reproductiva del Picaflor de Arica (Eulidia yarrellii), una especie amenazada El Picaflor de Arica (Eulidia yarrellii) es un colibrí críticamente amenazado del desierto de Atacama en el norte de Chile, con una población estimada en el año 2017 de alrededor 320 individuos. Para generar información útil para el diseño de acciones de recuperación de la especie, entre 2006 y 2008 realizamos un estudio sobre la ecología de nidificación de la especie. Los objetivos específicos fueron proporcionar una descripción cuantitativa del hábitat de nidificación, describir la biología reproductiva y evaluar el éxito de nidada de la especie. La mayor parte de nuestro trabajo se realizó en los valles de Azapa y Vitor, dos de los tres últimos valles donde aún persiste la especie. Aunque hemos registrado algunos juveniles en Azapa, sólo observamos nidificación de la especie en un sitio en Chaca (valle Vitor), en un pequeño olivar (1,4 ha) donde se encontraron 13–20 nidos simultáneos para las temporadas de nidificaciones estudiadas. El período reproductivo ocurre en septiembre-octubre, está aparentemente sincronizado con el florecimiento del chañar (Geoffroea decorticans). La especie tiene un período de cría particularmente largo con un promedio de 48 días (17 días de incubación, 31 días los polluelos permanecen en el nido). El índice de Mayfield de éxito de las nidadas varió entre 21 y 44%. La probabilidad de fracaso del nido fue significativamente mayor más cerca de las áreas de alimentación. Se discuten las implicaciones de nuestros resultados para un programa de restauración de hábitat para la especie, particularmente las diferencias entre los requerimientos de los machos y las hembras
HIGHLAND AVIAN SURVEYS IN CERRO HOYA NATIONAL PARK (AZUERO, PANAMÁ) REVEAL NEW RANGE EXTENSIONS, INCLUDING A RARE HUMMINGBIRD (SELASPHORUS SP.)
Get PDFAbstract ∙ Cerro Hoya National Park in Panama (CHNP) is one of the least explored protected areas in southern Mesoamerica. It houses the greatest ecosystem diversity in the degraded Azuero Peninsula, but its inaccessibility hinders expeditions and scientific research. Avian richness in CHNP was previously estimated by combining data from five ornithological expeditions at ca. 225 species. However, the highest altitude areas remained relatively unexplored and some historical records were not verified. We intensively surveyed highlands and foothills of CHNP and identified five new range extensions. One of these included a Selasphorus sp., of which we collected three male (two adults, one immature) and one female specimens. We compared morphology and plumage color patterns of these with closely related species in detail and confirm their likely classification with the endangered Glow-throated Hummingbird (Selasphorus ardens). This species is rare, with few documented sightings, confirmed specimens, and no unambiguous female museum specimen until now. We also confirmed historical records and provide 26 unlisted species (one by an external source) to CHNP. Our results confirm that Cerro Hoya is a highly biodiverse skyisland of Mesoamerica. We urge improved enforcement of its protection in combination with further studies of the ecology and evolutionary processes in this unique region. Resumen · Censos ornitológicos en ambientes de altura en el Parque Nacional Cerro Hoya (Azuero, Panamá) revelan nuevas extensiones de distribución, incluyendo un inusual colibrí (Selasphorus sp.) El Parque Nacional Cerro Hoya (PNCH) es una de las áreas protegidas menos exploradas de Panamá y el sur de Mesoamérica. Este alberga la mayor diversidad de ecosistemas en la degradada península de Azuero, pero su inaccesibilidad dificulta la investigación científica. Combinando datos de cinco expediciones ornitológicas, se estimó una riqueza aviar de alrededor de 225 especies. No obstante, las áreas de mayor altitud permanecieron relativamente inexploradas y algunos registros históricos no fueron verificados. Exploramos intensivamente las tierras altas y estribaciones del PNCH e identificamos cinco nuevas extensiones de distribución. Uno de estos incluye Selasphorus sp., del cual colectamos tres especímenes machos (dos adultos, un juvenil) y una hembra. Comparamos detalladamente la morfología y los patrones de coloración del plumaje con especímenes de especies relacionadas estrechamente. Confirmamos que estos individuos podrían pertenecer al amenazado Colibrí Ardiente (Selasphorus ardens). Esta especie es rara, con pocos avistamientos y especímenes de museo con información inconsistente, principalmente en hembras. También confirmamos los registros históricos y agregamos 26 especies no listadas para el PNCH (una obtenida por fuente externa). Nuestros resultados confirman que Cerro Hoya es una isla-cielo de gran biodiversidad en Mesoamérica. Es urgente mejorar la aplicación de su protección, así como estudiar la ecología y los procesos evolutivos en esta región única
TERRITÓRIO REPRODUTIVO DO COLEIRO-DO-BREJO (SPOROPHILA COLLARIS) NO SUL DO BRASIL: SELEÇÃO E DESCRIÇÃO DE ÁREAS DE NIDIFICAÇÃO E ALIMENTAÇÃO
Get PDFResumo ∙ Atualmente informações sobre as variáveis que influenciam a seleção dos territórios reprodutivos das populações brasileiras do Coleiro-do-brejo (Sporophila collaris) são escassas assim como a descrição de áreas para nidificação. Durante a estação reprodutiva de 2015– 2016 coletamos dados de reprodução de S. collaris nos campos do sul do Brasil com objetivo de estimar o tamanho dos territórios, comparando dois métodos de avaliação, e caracterizar a estrutura e composição florística dos micro-habitats importantes na seleção dos territórios reprodutivos. Adicionalmente identificamos as principais espécies de plantas que são usadas como alimento nos territórios reprodutivos. Monitoramos 32 casais, os quais estabeleceram seus territórios em ambientes seminaturais úmidos (56%), ambientes seminaturais secos (25%) e banhados (19%). Os territórios sempre estiveram associados a um corpo d’água, sendo que 59% estavam próximos a canais artificiais de irrigação, 38% a açudes e 3% à lavoura de arroz. O tamanho médio estimado dos territórios reprodutivos foi de 1,46 ha (Mínimo Polígono Convexo) e 3,22 ha (Estimativa de Densidade de Kernel). Registramos 66 espécies de plantas nas amostras estudadas, sendo 15 exclusivas nas amostras ninho e sete nas amostras não-ninho. A cobertura do estrato médio e alto, bem como a altura da vegetação e a presença de água, foram características importantes na seleção dos territórios reprodutivos. Das 22 espécies de plantas que compõem a dieta, 70% foram representadas por Poaceae. Nós enfatizamos a necessidade de mais estudos com territórios reprodutivos para espécies no Brasil e recomendamos cautela ao avaliar resultados de medidas de tamanho de território baseadas em diferentes métodos. Abstract ∙ Breeding territory of the Rusty-collared Seedeater (Sporophila collaris) in southern Brazil: selection and description of nesting and feeding areas Currently, the variables that influence the selection of breeding territories of Brazilian populations of Rusty-collared Seedeater (Sporophila collaris), as well as the description of nesting areas, are poorly known. During the breeding season of 2015–2016 we collected data on breeding of S. collaris in grasslands in southern Brazil aiming to estimate the size of the territories, comparing two methods of evaluation, and describe the structure and floristic composition of the microhabitats used for selection of breeding territories. Additionally, we identified the main species of plants that were used as food sources within the breeding territory. We monitored 32 pairs of S. collaris, with territories established in humid seminatural environments (56%), in dry seminatural environments (25%) and in wetlands (19%). Breeding territories were always associated with a water body, with 59% of them being close to artificial irrigation channels, 38% to dams and 3% to rice crops. The estimated average size of breeding territory was 1.46 ha (Minimum Convex Polygon) and 3.22 ha (Kernel Density Estimation). We recorded 66 plant species in the study site samples, 15 being exclusive of nest samples and seven in non-nest samples. Middle and upper vertical cover, as well vegetation height and presence of water, were the most important characteristics associated with the selection of breeding territories. From the 22 species of plants that composed the diet, Poaceae represented 70%. We stressed the importance of breeding territories studies for species in Brazil and we recommend cautious when evaluating results of territory size estimates based on different methods
A RUFOUS-TAILED HUMMINGBIRD (AMAZILIA TZACATL) CAUGHT IN A SPIDER WEB OF ERIOPHORA FULIGINEA (ARANEAE: ARANEIDAE)
Get PDFAbstract ∙ In this note, we report on a Rufous-tailed Hummingbird caught in a spider web of Eriophora fuliginea. The observation was made in a tropical dry forest fragment in the department of Córdoba, northern Colombia. The Hummingbird was found with its head down and given that after five minutes of observation it was unable to free itself, we removed it from the net and released it. Although E. fuliginea is a nocturnal orb weaver, the fact that this species does not dismantle the spider web at daybreak, makes it a possible source of mortality for Hummingbirds and other small birds. This finding represents the first published record of a Rufous-tailed Hummingbird trapped in a spider web in Colombia. Considering that Hummingbirds fly through sites where large orb weavers locate their webs, Hummingbirds caught in webs could be more frequent than reported in the literature.Resumen ∙ Un Colibrí Cola Roja (Amazilia tzacatl) atrapado en la telaraña de Eriophora fuliginea (Araneae: Araneidae) En esta nota reportamos un Colibrí Cola Roja (Amazilia tzacatl) atrapado en una telaraña de Eriophora fuliginea. Este hallazgo representa la primera documentación de esta interacción entre estas dos especies y el primer evento de un colibrí atrapado en una telaraña para Colombia. El registro se hizo en un fragmento de bosque seco de Córdoba, norte de Colombia. El Colibrí permaneció cabeza abajo y luego de cinco minutos de observación no fue capaz de liberarse, de manera que fue liberado por nosotros. Aunque E. fuliginea es una tejedora nocturna, el hecho de no desmontar sus telas durante el día la convierte en una posible fuente de mortalidad para colibríes. Si se tiene en cuenta que los colibríes transitan por sitios en los que las grandes tejedoras ubican sus telas, los eventos de colibríes atrapados en telarañas podrían ser más frecuentes de lo reportado actualmente
¿ATRAEN LOS PERFUMES A LOS TUCANES?
Get PDFResumen · A partir de 2011 Wildlife Conservation Society implementó en sus muestreos de mamíferos con trampas cámara el uso de dos perfumes comerciales (Chanel Nº 5 y Calvin Klein Obsession for Men) como atrayentes, con el propósito de retener a felinos por más tiempo delante de las cámaras y mejorar la identificación de individuos en el Parque Nacional y Área Natural de Manejo Integrado Madidi, Bolivia. Esta metodología ha resultado ser muy eficiente, no solo logrando obtener un gran número de fotografías de varias especies de mamíferos, sino también varias especies de aves. Uno de los grupos de aves que no había sido registrado en 10 años de muestreo sin atrayentes (2001– 2009), fueron los tucanes, familia Ramphastidae. Aquí reportamos el comportamiento de atracción de tucanes hacia ambos perfumes. En seis años de muestreo (2011–2016) se registraron cuatro especies de tucanes en las trampas cámara: Pteroglossus azara, Pteroglossus beauharnaesii, Ramphastos tucanus y Ramphastos vitellinus, obteniendo un total de 550 fotografías y 45 eventos fotográficos independientes. La especie que presentó el mayor número de fotografías fue R. tucanus (n = 231), seguido por R. vitellinus (n = 219). Los tucanes se registraron a distancias menores de 3 m en 29% de los casos, a distancias menores de 30 cm en 29% casos e interactuando directamente con el frasco de perfume en 42% de los casos. Registramos interacciones tucán-perfume hasta 12,5 minutos como máximo y un mínimo de 0,5 minutos. Creemos que estos resultados son aportes importantes para la historia natural de los tucanes y sugieren una alternativa para estudios que requieren captura viva. Abstract · Do perfumes attract toucans? Since 2011, Wildlife Conservation Society has implemented the use of two commercial perfumes (Chanel Nº 5 and Calvin Klein Obsession for Men) as bait in their camera traps, with the purpose of retaining the wild cats for longer in front of the cameras and improving the identification of individuals in Madidi National Park and Natural Area of Integral Management, Bolivia. This methodology has turned out to be very efficient, yielding not only a large number of photographs of several mammals, but also recording several bird species. One of the groups that had not been registered in 10 years of camera-trap sampling without perfume (2001–2009) were toucans (family Ramphastidae). Here we report observations that suggest that toucans are attracted by both perfumes. During six years of sampling (2011–2016), four species of toucans were detected by the camera-traps: Pteroglossus azara, Pteroglossus beauharnaesii, Ramphastos tucanus, and Ramphastos vitellinus, obtaining 550 photographs across 45 independent photographic events. The species with the highest number of photographs was R. tucanus (n = 231), followed by R. vitellinus (n = 219). Toucans were recorded within 3 m in 29% of cases, within 30 cm 29% of cases and making direct contact with the perfume jar in 42% of cases. Toucan-perfume interactions lasted up to 12.5 min maximum and a minimum of 0.5 min. We believe that these results are important contributions to the natural history of toucans and suggest an alternative for studies that require live capture
THE EFFECT OF THE SURROUNDING MATRIX ON BIRD COMMUNITIES IN FRAGMENTS OF THE BRAZILIAN ATLANTIC FOREST
Get PDFAbstract ∙ Despite being one of the most diverse biomes in the world, the Atlantic Forest is currently restricted to small isolated fragments and, therefore, the majority of its fauna is declining or threatened. This is mainly due to habitat loss, edge effects, and other patch-level negative effects. Here we study whether the type of matrix surrounding Atlantic forest fragments affects patterns of bird diversity. We hypothesize that fragments in contact with a matrix dominated by Eucalyptus plantations would have more diverse bird communities compared to matrices dominated by pastures. We assessed the richness, abundance, and functional diversity of birds at the edge and in the interior of fragments of Atlantic Forest surrounded by pastures and by plantations of Eucalyptus trees. Even though all the studied fragments showed relatively low values of species richness, those surrounded by the Eucalyptus matrix had higher species richness and evenness at the edge of the fragments compared to those surrounded by pasture. Furthermore, the bird community in contact with the Eucalyptus matrix had higher functional diversity and higher abundance of bird groups generally sensitive to disturbances. Our data illustrate the importance of the matrix composition surrounding fragments. While replacing Atlantic forests with Eucalyptus plantations will lead to a reduction in bird diversity, our data suggest that nevertheless Eucalyptus plantations can buffer edge effects for forest birds compared to more abrupt transitions, such as with pastures. Resumo ∙ Efeito da matriz envolvente sobre comunidades de pássaros em fragmentos da Mata Atlântica do Brasil Apesar de ser um dos biomas mais ricos em biodiversidade do mundo, a Mata Atlântica encontra-se majoritariamente restrita a pequenos fragmentos isolados e, portanto, grande parte de sua fauna está em declínio e sob risco de extinção. Isso se deve principalmente à perda de habitat, efeitos de borda e outros efeitos negativos relacionados a fragmentação. Nossa hipótese é que fragmentos florestais em contato com uma matriz formada principalmente por eucalipto apresentariam comunidades de aves mais diversas quanto à riqueza e papéis funcionais. Avaliamos a riqueza, abundância e diversidade funcional de aves na borda e no interior de fragmentos de Mata Atlântica cercadas por pastagens e por eucaliptos. Apesar de todos os fragmentos terem apresentado baixos valores de riqueza de espécies, aqueles cercados por uma matriz de eucalipto apresentam maior riqueza e uniformidade de espécies na borda comparado com fragmentos circundados por pasto. Além disso, a comunidade em contato com a matriz de eucalipto apresentou maior diversidade funcional e maior abundância de grupos geralmente sensíveis a distúrbios. Nossos dados ilustram a importância da composição da matriz em torno dos fragmentos. Embora a substituição da Mata Atlântica por plantações de eucaliptos leve a uma redução significativa da diversidade de aves, nossos dados sugerem que as plantações de eucalipto podem amortecer os efeitos de borda para as aves florestais nos fragmentos, em comparação com transições mais abruptas, como as pastagens
THE PURPLISH JAY (CYANOCORAX CYANOMELAS) IS A CLEANER OF THE MARSH DEER (BLASTOCERUS DICHOTOMUS)
Get PDFAbstract ∙ I observed two Purplish Jays (Cyanocorax cyanomelas) foraging on the body of a marsh deer (Blastocerus dichotomus) in the Brazilian Pantanal. My observation adds the marsh deer to the very few mammals found to act as clients of the Purplish Jay and suggests that this opportunistic cleaner chooses the client depending on the presence of some forest cover nearby. This may be a reason for the lack of observations of the Purplish Jay and other, more arboreal, corvids as cleaners in the Neotropics.Resumen ∙ La Urraca Morada (Cyanocorax cyanomelas) es una especie limpiadora del ciervo de los pantanos (Blastocerus dichotomus) Observé a dos Urracas Moradas (Cyanocorax cyanomelas) alimentándose de ectoparásitos sobre un ciervo de los pantanos (Blastocerus dichotomus) en el Pantanal de Brasil. Mi observación agrega a este especie de ciervo a los pocos mamíferos clientes que son limpiados por la urraca y sugiere que esta especie limpiadora oportunista elige a sus clientes cuando se encuentran cerca de cobertura boscosa. Esta podría ser la razón por la cual existen pocas observaciones de la Urraca Morada y otras especies de córvidos arborícolas actuando como especies limpiadoras de mamíferos
BODY CONDITION OF THE UPLAND SANDPIPER (BARTRAMIA LONGICAUDA) EN ROUTE THROUGH CENTRAL MEXICO
Get PDFAbstract∙ There is little information on the body condition of the Upland Sandpiper (Bartramia longicauda) during migration. We measured biometric traits and body condition parameters of B. longicauda in central Mexico in 2016 and 2017. Mean morphometric values were 170.4 ± 4.3 mm (wing length), 28.9 ± 1.7 mm (bill length), 61.5 ± 2.2 mm (head length), and 55.3 ± 2.6 mm (tarsus length). Mean body condition parameters were 169.7 ± 24.1 g (body weight), and 4.6 ± 1.8 (fat score). Body condition values were higher during 2017 than 2016 (P < 0.05) but similar between sexes and sites. Fluctuating asymmetry (FA) was low compared to other studies, but was present in rectrices, tarsus, and wings. We found a negative correlation between wing FA and fat score, and a positive correlation between body weight and fat score, suggesting that birds with higher fat scores were in better condition during molt, leading to lower asymmetry. Our Data showed a 1:1.6 male:female ratio, similar across years and sites. Contrary to other studies, we found no significant sexual size dimorphism. Birds in our sample had higher body weight, tarsus, and wing length but were similar in head length to birds wintering in South America, but smaller than birds from Minnesota. We recommend carrying out further studies on stop-over sites to contribute to a better understanding of patterns on the functional ecology of the species. Resumen ∙ Condición corporal del Zarapito Ganga o Batitú (Bartramia longicauda) en ruta a través del centro de México Existe poca información sobre la condición corporal del Zarapito Ganga o Batitú (Bartramia longicauda) durante la migración. Medimos parámetros de condición corporal de B. longicauda en el centro de México en 2016 y 2017. Los valores morfométricos promedio fueron 170.4 ± 4.3 mm (ala), 28.9 ± 1.7 mm (culmen), 61.5 ± 2.2 mm (cabeza) y 55.3 ± 2.6 mm (tarso). Los parámetros promedio de condición corporal fueron 169.7 ± 24.1 g (peso corporal) y 4.6 ± 1.8 (grasa). Los valores de condición corporal fueron mayores durante 2017 que durante 2016 (P < 0.05), aunque similares entre sexos y sitios. La asimetría fluctuante (AF) fue baja comparada a otros estudios, aunque estuvo presente en rectrices, tarsos y alas. Encontramos una correlación negativa entre AF en alas y grasa, y una correlación positiva entre peso corporal y grasa, lo cual sugiere que las aves con mayores valores de grasa se encontraban en mejor condición durante la muda de plumaje, conduciendo a menor asimetría. Nuestros datos mostraron una tasa macho:hembra de 1:1.6, similar entre años y sitios. Contrario a otros estudios, no encontramos dimorfismo sexual significativo. Las aves en nuestra muestra tuvieron mayor peso corporal, tarso y longitud de ala, pero fueron similar en longitud de cabeza a aves de Sudamérica, pero menores a aves de Minnesota. Recomendamos llevar a cabo más estudios en sitios de escala para contribuir a un mejor entendimiento de los patrones en la ecología funcional de la especie
APORTES AL CONOCIMIENTO DE LA BIOLOGÍA REPRODUCTIVA DEL PINCHAFLOR SATINADO (DIGLOSSA LAFRESNAYII)
Get PDFResumen ∙ Describimos algunos aspectos desconocidos sobre la biología reproductiva del Pinchaflor Satinado (Diglossa lafresnayii), en base a observaciones de un nido activo registrado en el sector de Cerro de Arcos, límite provincial de El Oro y Loja, Ecuador. El nido tenia forma de copa, con similares medidas al único nido previamente descrito de la especie. En su interior se encontró un polluelo completamente emplumado y un huevo no eclosionado, el cual se describe por primera vez. Además, se reportan datos de cuidado parental sobre la eliminación y consumo de sacos fecales provenientes de la nidada.Abstract ∙ Additional notes on the breeding of Glossy Flowerpiercer (Diglossa lafresnayii) We describe some unknown aspects of the reproductive biology of the Glossy Flowerpiercer (Diglossa lafresnayii), based on observations of an active nest recorded in the Cerro de Arcos sector, the provincial boundary of El Oro and Loja, Ecuador. The nest was cup-shaped, with measures similar to the only nest previously described for the species. Inside, a fully feathered chick and an unhatched egg were found, which is described for the first time. In addition, parental care data are reported on elimination and consumption of fecal sacs from the brood.