Indonesian Journal of Health Administration
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THE INFLUENCE OF INTERNAL FACTORS ON JOB SATISFACTION IN HEALTHCARE SETTINGS
Full text linkBackground: Job dissatisfaction in healthcare facilities can increase medical errors. In order to reduce the medical errors, hospitals must focus on employee job satisfaction. In this case, both stress and burnout can lower job satisfaction.
Aims: This research was conducted to analyze the internal factors that affect the level of job satisfaction of employees in health facilities.
Methods: The method applied is the PRISMA framework, which consists of five stages, namely eligibility criteria, information sources, study selection, data collection process, and data items.
Results: Systematic review was done on 34 quantitative studies about the factors that influence job satisfaction. Based on the review, the internal factors known are demographic and personal factors. In this case, demographic factors mostly do not affect employee job satisfaction, one of which is salary. Meanwhile, the most researched personal factor and the biggest influence is burnout.
Conclusion: Based on the systematic review, it is known that the internal factors affecting employees' job satisfaction include demographic and personal factors. The demographic factor that has a significant effect is salary, while the most researched individual factor is burnout. Working in the health sector requires caution so as not to cause medical errors. Health workers who experience burnout are at risk of causing medical errors. For that we need a strategy to overcome burnout so as to increase job satisfaction.
Keywords: burnout, healthcare, internal factor, job satisfaction, PRISM
REDUCING HOSPITAL OUTPATIENT WAITING TIME USING LEAN SIX SIGMA: A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW
Full text linkBackground: Lean Six Sigma (LSS) is a beneficial data-driven tool for quality improvement. Literature regarding the use of LSS to reduce hospital outpatient waiting time is scarce despite numerous problems encountered in many countries.
Aims: This systematic review aims to evaluate the causes of long outpatient waiting time, demonstrate the effectiveness of LSS and the improvement strategies applied to reduce outpatient waiting time.
Methods: Literature search was performed on eight databases: Proquest, Wiley, Science Direct, Taylor and Francis, Oxford Journal, Sage Publication, Scopus, and Pubmed. Inclusion criteria were peer-reviewed English articles published from January 1, 2003, to May 25, 2021, and studies conducted in hospital settings.
Results: Nine relevant articles were included. Inefficient clinic processes, inappropriate scheduling, human resources problems, workplace factors, patient communication problems, and patient characteristics are root causes found for long outpatient waiting time. All studies revealed a reduction in outpatient waiting time (5.2% to 97%) after implementation of LSS. Process redesign, improvement in appointment scheduling, patient communication, and improvement in workplace design, were strategies used to reduce outpatient waiting time. These strategies increase the number of patients seen and hospital gross revenue, as well as patient satisfaction.
Conclusion: LSS is beneficial to reduce outpatient waiting time. Process redesign provide advantageous results.
Keywords: hospital, lean six sigma, outpatient waiting time, process redesig
ANALYSIS OF HIV AND SYPHILIS TRANSMISSION PREVENTION PROGRAMS FOR ADOLESCENTS
Full text linkBackground: Adolescents tend to want to try things they have never experienced, and the main contributing factor is curiosity and imitating what adults do, including sexuality.
Aims: This study aimed to analyze the transmission prevention program of HIV and Syphilis for adolescents in North Sumatra.
Methods: This study used an analytic survey approach with a cross-sectional design by taking 729 people as a sample, selected using quota sampling, from the total adolescent population (19.4% of the population of North Sumatra). Questionnaires produced using an online platform and adapted from The Prospero Network. The results were then transferred into a statistics-based application for descriptive data analysis, bivariate, and multi-level tests.
Results: The study showed that >50% of the respondents took a quick, free laboratory test for HIV and syphilis and a reactive confirmation test through a health facility in both cases. Moreover, the results of multi-level statistical tests show models 1 and 2, namely the availability of syphilis screening referrals, have a 1-17 times higher risk of implementing HIV and syphilis programs in adolescents.
Conclusion: Everything is interrelated with the implementation of HIV and Syphilis transmission prevention programs in adolescents. However, there is still a significant chance that it will not work. Therefore, the government and the community must work together to implement this program properly and consistently.
Keywords: Adolescents, Health Program, HIV, Syphili
SOCIAL EXCLUSION IN INDONESIA MILITARY HOSPITAL
Full text linkBackground: In the era of the COVID-19 pandemic, one of the social protections in Indonesia that still requires special attention is the protection of public health.
Aims: This study aims to analyze the principles of social protection in the Social Security Agency for Health (BPJS Kesehatan) and the implementation of inclusive health services in Indonesia Military Hospital.
Methods: This study used a qualitative approach by conducting in-depth interviews and made direct observations for one month by observing the processes and phenomena that occurred at the dr. Esnawan Antariksa Air Force Hospital as a case study.
Results: The root cause of social exclusion in health services in military institutions was an aspect of the inherent hierarchy that caused exclusion in the income dimension triggered by socioeconomic level, status, and background of patients so that patients did not get the same rights in obtaining health services.
Conclusion: Implementing social protection through BPJS Kesehatan in military-based hospitals caused patients with specific groups to experience layered exclusion. Patients who wanted to receive healthcare at military hospitals had differences in the stages of receiving them. However, the quality of medical services doctors and other health workers provided were not discriminatory.
Keywords: BPJS kesehatan, health services, military hospital, social exclusion, social protectio
SERVANT HEARTS: VILLAGE CADRES' PUBLIC SERVICE MOTIVATION IN INDONESIA'S MENTAL HEALTH CARE
Full text linkBackground: Despite the growing interest in public service motivation (PSM) research, there is a lack of studies that specifically examine the PSM of individuals in nontraditional roles, such as village cadres, in the context of mental health care in low-resource settings.
Aims: This study aimed to fill this knowledge gap by exploring how PSM influences the actions and choices of village cadres in providing care for people with mental illness in Indonesia.
Methods: An instrumental case study approach was employed to gather data through in-depth interviews with 14 village actors across five regencies in East Java Province, Indonesia.
Results: The study's findings reveal the crucial role of PSM in inspiring village cadres to provide mental health care by showcasing their sense of duty toward the community, program dedication, and compassion for patients, highlighting the correlation between PSM and callings that focuses on serving others.
Conclusion: This study provides empirical insights into the intricate ways PSM influences the behavior of village cadres toward people with mental illness in Indonesia, offering valuable knowledge about the motivations of this particular group of public service providers and informing policy decisions and future research in the field of public administration.
Keywords: callings, Indonesia, mental health care, public service motivation, village cadre
SRI LANKA OXYGEN READINESS AND STRATEGIES ADAPTED FOR COVID-19 PATIENTS' MANAGEMENT
Full text linkBackground: Shortly after the Covid-19 oxygen crisis in India, the Sri Lanka Ministry of Health started investigating and analyzing gaps in oxygen production, supplies and demands.
Aims: This study aimed to evaluate the preparedness in Covid-19 cases management and recommend strategies to prevent oxygen crisis in healthcare facilities.
Methods: This study used information on oxygen source redundancy and delivery methods to assess whether a healthcare facility is prepared to provide the necessary oxygen demand for patients in need and to estimate the number of patients that can be treated with the currently available oxygen supplies. The predicted oxygen supplies and demands were assessed with a panel of experts using qualitative and quantitative methods. Data were collected using the Health Information Update System.
Results: Sri Lanka had 39,529 designated hospital beds including Intensive Care Unit and High Dependency Unit beds for Covid-19 patients. Even though an average number of patients were reaching 30,000, the actual oxygen demands were around 1,200 which were easily manageable with the current capacity of 80 tons per day.
Conclusions: Sri Lanka has made progress to increase access to oxygen by using novel methods to procure and increase oxygen availability, storing, and carrying capacity
UNMET NEED FOR HEALTHCARE AMONG PEOPLE WITH HYPERTENSION IN INDONESIA
Full text linkBackground: Hypertension is a worldwide public health problem, mainly due to its high frequency and risks leading to cardiovascular diseases. The prevalence of hypertension in the Indonesian population aged > 18 years in 2018 was 34.11%. The unmet need for healthcare has generally been explored in most empirical studies concerning people with hypertension.
Aims: This study investigated the determinants of unmet needs for healthcare among people with hypertension.
Methods: The design of this study was cross-sectional on data from the Indonesian Family Life Survey wave 5 (IFLS-5). The survey sample was 6,302 adults aged > 40 years stratified by rural/urban residence status. A three-level multilevel analysis was performed to estimate the individual, household, and community-level determinants of unmet needs for hypertension care.
Results: As many as 78.4% of the respondents with hypertension reported unmet needs for healthcare. Age, female, single, income, having insurance, urban residence, and the number of health-integrated posts for the elderly (Posyandu Lansia) were significantly associated with umeet needs for healthcare utilization among people with hypertension, while education and employment status showed no association with these variables.
Conclusion: Improvement in access to healthcare and reduction in health inequality is required to address this problem
A LITERATURE REVIEW OF TELEMEDICINE IN INDONESIA: PAST, PRESENT, AND FUTURE PROSPECTIVE
Full text linkBackground: Indonesia has a great potential in the development of digital health technologies. However, several challenges might also arise in hand with the development of telemedicine.
Aims: We aimed to conduct a literature review of the use of telemedicine in Indonesia in order to know how the start is, the development, and future considerations of its usage.
Methods: From the digital databases of PubMed, Google Scholar, and Neliti (Indonesia's Research Repository), each author completed literature searches of telemedicine in Indonesia from 1985 to 2021.
Results: A total of 8 studies were included in current literature review. In 1985-1987, Indonesia undertook the first satellite-based telemedicine. During the early twenty-first century, rapid improvements in information technology have expanded to other industries, including health care through telemedicine. Covid-19 dilemma compels physicians to adopt. Through telemedicine, many is experienced the benefit during the pandemic. However, in developing telemedicine system for the future, the use of telemedicine has several challenges, namely related to human resources, infrastructure and ethical regulations.
Conclusion: When telehealth is successfully implemented in Indonesia, it will benefit both the developer and the consumer. Despite the benefits, the challenge of implementing and developing a comprehensive eHealth environment in Indonesia might be seen as tremendous, given that the country is currently developing its infrastructure
COVID-19 MOLECULAR-BASED TESTING CAPACITY IN FIVE CUSTOMARY AREAS OF PAPUA
Full text linkBackground: COVID-19 (Corona Virus Disease-19) is a disease that emerged at the end of December 2019 and was declared a world pandemic by the WHO (World Health Organization) in March 2020. The gold standard for testing for covid-19 until now is molecular-based virus detection with RT-PCR (Real Time-Polymerase Chain Reaction) and TCM (Molecular Rapid Test). In the early of this pandemic, Indonesia, especially Papua, still had difficulty examining COVID-19 due to limited laboratories that could carry out these tests.
Aims: This study aimed to see the laboratory's ability from various regencies representing five customary Papuan areas
Methods: This research was a descriptive study that uses primary data and secondary data collected from the Provincial and Regency Papua COVID-19 Response Acceleration Task Force and the representative hospitals of 5 customary Papuan areas (Saireri, Ha anim, Mee Pago, Lapago, Mamta)
Results: There are several challenges and things that need to be considered by all stakeholders involved in examining COVID-19 in Papua so that the examination capacity can be maximally increased.
Conclusion: Regency that only has GeneXpert are recommended to have qPCR so that the acceleration of COVID-19 testing in Papua Province can be carried out. The qPCR can be procured in several cities/regencies within one customary area so that sample delivery can be done more quickly without having to send samples to Jayapura Cit