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Com os indígenas, uma antropologia mais atraente
Full text linkIn recent years, members of many native peoples have enrolled in Brazilian universities after a long struggle and state changes concerning their right to assess specific policies. Previously limited, the indigenous presence on university campuses is drawing attention and posing questions about these students and how the courses they take will be handled in the future by the programs nation-wide covering a vast range of subjects, including anthropology. In terms of general historical and political issues, this process has been likened to the images the dominant society still holds of indigenous peoples, and the institutional structures into which they are admitted, notwithstanding regional variations and specific histories of interethnic contact. Coming from worlds transfigured by colonialism, and deeply aware of it, indigenous scholars seek to “indigenize” university spaces. While condemning the Western-promoted plunder and oppression, they compare it with their own knowledge. On the other hand, they appropriate anthropology’s tools with the political and intellectual purpose of debating and interacting with the surrounding non-indigenous world. Hence, the university becomes a proper setting for their cause, as it includes the public that may be interested in other ways of being in the world.Nos últimos anos, representantes de muitos povos originários têm surgido no cenário acadêmico das universidades brasileiras após muita luta, aliada a uma certa mudança na direção das práticas do estado, em termos de direito e acesso a políticas. Mas essa presença nas universidades, antes restrita aos indígenas, hoje chama atenção e provoca perguntas acerca dos mesmos e como as disciplinas que frequentam continuarão. Este é o caso nos inúmeros programas de diferentes disciplinas, entre os quais os de antropologia, em todo o país. E como se tem encarado esse processo é ao mesmo tempo similar entre todos no que diz respeito a questões históricas e políticas em geral, com imagens que a sociedade dominante tem dos indígenas e o tipo de estruturas das instituições, porém variável para certos grupos ou indivíduos devido às suas regiões, com o seu tempo e as formas específicas de contato. Assim, vindos de um mundo transformado pelo processo colonial, e sabedores disso, estes atores pretendem “indigenizar” os espaços e, à medida que criticam as relações de espólio e opressão pela sociedade ocidental, os contrapõem aos seus conhecimentos e também se apropriam dos instrumentos da disciplina, de maneira política e intelectual, enquanto interação e debate com o universo não indígena. Então a universidade é tomada como um palco muito propício a esta causa, pois nela parecem estar os possíveis ouvintes e interessados nas outras formas de estar no mundo
Apresentação Música e(m) Performance Greco-Romanas e suas Ressonâncias
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Apresentação 
Dossiê entre mídias: Transcriação em pandemia: o processo de criação da obra autoral “Amanheci Minha Aurora”
No full textSi tratta di una breve relazione di carattere teorico-esperienziale che propone uno sguardo artistico sul “concetto” chiamato transcreazione, termine coniato dal poeta e traduttore brasiliano Haroldo de Campos. L’obiettivo pratico è stato quello di transcriare l’Odissea di Omero nel genere artistico che chiamiamo “poema cinesico”. Nel testo qui proposto, attraverso la breve analisi dell’opera di mia creazione Amanheci Minha Aurora, presentiamo i criteri generali più pratici per effettuare la transcreazione haroldiana finalizzata alla riappropriazione di Omero. Proponiamo, quindi, la transcreazione come strumento creativo intersemiotico utile per la ricerca teatrale, cioè un processo creativo di negoziazione tra lingue (e non solo interlinguistico), che ha dato luogo a un’opera contemporanea fondata sul poema epico del VII secolo a.C., transcreata in drammaturgia cinematografica in modo da conservare gli elementi costitutivi del genere epico come conflitto interiore. Infine, è necessario informare che il lavoro generato è dovuto alla pandemia COVID-19; e Omero è stato trasformato in teatro e poi (a causa dell’iirrealizzabilità del teatro fisico) il teatro è stato trasformato in un poema cinesico, cioè in un lavoro poetico in un cortometraggio. Amanheci Minha Aurora è intessuta di frammenti letterari, dipinti e affreschi di Pompei, vicende quotidiane e fittizie di una donna, archetipo di ‘Penelope’, che vive all’ombra di un abbandono ventennale e che riflette ua solitudine,un’angoscia e una speranza apparentemente irrazionali.Este e um breve relato de carater teorico-experiencial que propoe um olhar ar- tistico acerca do conceito intitulado transcriacao, termo cunhado pelo poeta e tradutor brasileiro, haroldo de campos.2 o foco pratico foi transcriar a odisseia de homero para o genero artistico que nomeamos como poema cinesico. No texto aqui proposto, por meio de analise pontual da obra de minha autoria, amanheci minha aurora, apresentamos os criterios gerais mais praticos para efe- tivarmos a transcriacao haroldiana com vistas a reapropriacao de homero. Propoe- se, portanto, a transcriacao como ferramenta criativa intersemiotica util a pesquisa teatral, ou seja, um processo criativo de negociacao entre linguagens (e nao so- mente interlinguistico), que resultou em obra contemporanea fundada no poema epico do seculo vii a. C. , transcriada em dramaturgia cinematografica de modo a preservar os elementos constituintes do genero epico como conflito interior. Por fim, resta informar que a obra gerada surgiu em decorrencia da pandemia da covid-19; mudou-se o homero em teatro e, em seguida (pela inviabilidade do teatro fisico) mudou-se o teatro em um poema cinesico, isto e, em obra poetica de curta-metragem. Amanheci minha aurora e tecido por fragmentos literarios, pinturas e afrescos de pompeia, acontecimentos cotidianos e ficticios de uma mulher, arquetipo de penelope, que vive na sombra de um abandono de 20 anos e que reflete a solidao, a angustia e a esperanca aparentemente irracionais
A note on Brazilian Portuguese non-sentential wh-exclamatives
Full text linkIn this squib, we analyze short exclamatives in Brazilian Portuguese, what we call here non-sentential wh-exclamatives. Contrarily to what Sibaldo (2015) attests (that such constructions constitute a CP, hence baring a sentential nature), we propose these structures to be understood as APs dominated by a Degree projection. We propose, following Zanutinni and Portner (2003), that adjectives are the head of an exclamative, and that the augmentative morphology is also able to activate exclamative illocutionary force inside DegP and license short exclamatives.In this squib, we analyze short exclamatives in Brazilian Portuguese, what we call here non-sentential wh-exclamatives. Contrarily to what Sibaldo (2015) attests (that such constructions constitute a CP, hence baring a sentential nature), we propose these structures to be understood as APs dominated by a Degree projection. We propose, following Zanutinni and Portner (2003), that adjectives are the head of an exclamative, and that the augmentative morphology is also able to activate exclamative illocutionary force inside DegP and license short exclamatives
O calendário sociocultural do sítio histórico e patrimônio cultural Kalunga: um diálogo entre os saberes tradicionais e a Linguística Ecossistêmica
Full text linkO artigo tem como objetivo discutir a proposta de um Calendário Sociocultural para apoio e fortalecimento de políticas públicas educacionais direcionadas às unidades escolares pertencentes ao Sítio Histórico e Patrimônio Cultural Kalunga (SHPCK). O calendário servirá de base e consulta ao trabalho dos educadores do e no campo. Ele segue a orientação da Educação do Campo e da Ecolinguística (Linguística Ecossistêmica). A metodologia pauta-se na etnografia como uma ação que nos ajuda a compreender a cultura de um povo em seu ambiente natural. Tal perspectiva reafirma os caminhos de luta e de (re)construção do fazer científico, nos quais o pesquisador atua como agente de transformação no seio de sua comunidade. Para fundamentar os apontamentos desse calendário, foi necessário retomar os estudos de Cunha (2018), realizado no Mestrado Profissional em Sustentabilidade junto a Povos e Terras Tradicionais (MESPT/UnB), que teve como resultado a criação do Calendário Agrícola da Comunidade Vão de Almas. Espera-se que o diálogo sobre o Calendário Sociocultural do SHPCK possa subsidiar a reconstrução do calendário escolar no território Kalunga para uma educação quilombola que fomente uma nova proposta de letramento escolar, bem como valorizar os saberes linguísticos e tradicionais. 
Cidades Inteligentes e Saneamento Básico: avaliação de aspectos regulatórios e contribuição para uma metodologia analítica das smart cities
Full text link[Purpose] With over half the population living in the urban areas, cities face rising challenges. Hence, the concept of smart cities seeks, with the aid of technology, to improve life quality and increase the provision of urban services, especially the basic sanitation services. Although these ideas can correlate, the lack of analytical methodologies hinders the development of studies in the field.
[Methodology/approach/design] It analizes the regulatory aspects of structuring the basic sanitation service of municipalities classified as smart cities, with the intent to contribute to the creation of this methodology.
[Findings] The data evaluated shows that the smart cities present similar regulatory characteristics, bringing relevant information to the improvement of the studies in the area, allowing to understand later whether the structuring of the basic sanitation provided by these cities contributes to the efficiency of these services.[Purpose] With over half the population living in the urban areas, cities face rising challenges. Hence, the concept of smart cities seeks, with the aid of technology, to improve life quality and increase the provision of urban services, especially the basic sanitation services. Although these ideas can correlate, the lack of analytical methodologies hinders the development of studies in the field.
[Methodology/approach/design] It analizes the regulatory aspects of structuring the basic sanitation service of municipalities classified as smart cities, with the intent to contribute to the creation of this methodology.
[Findings] The data evaluated shows that the smart cities present similar regulatory characteristics, bringing relevant information to the improvement of the studies in the area, allowing to understand later whether the structuring of the basic sanitation provided by these cities contributes to the efficiency of these services.[Propósito] Com mais da metade da população nacional vivendo em meios urbanos, as cidades enfrentam desafios cada vez mais complexos. Assim, a noção de cidades inteligentes ou smart cities busca, por meio do emprego da tecnologia, trazer melhorias à qualidade de vida e à disponibilidade de serviços urbanos, aqui focalizados os serviços de saneamento básico. Apesar da correlação dessas ideias, a ausência de metodologias analíticas dificulta estudos mais aprofundados sobre o tema.
[Metodologia/abordagem/design] O artigo analisa aspectos regulatórios da estruturação do serviço de saneamento básico de municípios classificados como smart cities, a fim de identificar pontos a contribuir com a criação dessa metodologia.
[Resultados] Os dados levantados demonstram que as cidades inteligentes apresentam características regulatórias similares, trazendo informações relevantes para o aprimoramento de estudos na área, e, posteriormente, compreender se a estruturação do saneamento básico dado por tais cidades contribui para a eficiência dos serviços
As metas de universalização do novo marco do saneamento básico e os desafios para assegurar o equilíbrio econômico-financeiro dos contratos de programa
Full text link[Purpose] The Sanitation's New Legal Framework promoted significant changes in Federal Law No. 11,445/2007, among which the duty of the contracts for the provision of sanitation services to set targets that ensure that 99% of the population is served with drinking water and 90% of the population with sewage collection and treatment by December 31st, 2033. For state companies, which today are responsible for providing water and sewage services in approximately 77% of Brazilian cities, the assessment of economic capacity and the addition of contracts to incorporate the new goals represents a challenge both for service holders and for the companies themselves, considering its peculiarities and the contracts peculiarities, such as the practice of cross subsidy and a single tariff structure for different providers.
[Methodology/approach/design] This context must be considered in order to analyze the possibility of incorporating the new universalization targets, as well as overcoming the obstacles related to the prohibition of extending their validity and the political criterion in tariffs definition to ensure the contracts economic balance and serve the public interest by providing an efficient, universal service at adequate rates.
[Findings] An uncertain and very difficult scenario is envisioned for the existing program contracts and for the state companies themselves.[Purpose] The Sanitation's New Legal Framework promoted significant changes in Federal Law No. 11,445/2007, among which the duty of the contracts for the provision of sanitation services to set targets that ensure that 99% of the population is served with drinking water and 90% of the population with sewage collection and treatment by December 31st, 2033. For state companies, which today are responsible for providing water and sewage services in approximately 77% of Brazilian cities, the assessment of economic capacity and the addition of contracts to incorporate the new goals represents a challenge both for service holders and for the companies themselves, considering its peculiarities and the contracts peculiarities, such as the practice of cross subsidy and a single tariff structure for different providers.
[Methodology/approach/design] This context must be considered in order to analyze the possibility of incorporating the new universalization targets, as well as overcoming the obstacles related to the prohibition of extending their validity and the political criterion in tariffs definition to ensure the contracts economic balance and serve the public interest by providing an efficient, universal service at adequate rates.
[Findings] An uncertain and very difficult scenario is envisioned for the existing program contracts and for the state companies themselves.[Propósito] O Novo Marco Legal do Saneamento Básico promoveu alterações significativas na Lei Federal nº 11.445/2007, dentre as quais previu-se o dever de os contratos de prestação de serviços de saneamento básico definirem metas que assegurem o atendimento de 99% da população com água potável e de 90% da população com coleta e tratamento de esgotos até 31 de dezembro de 2033. Para as empresas estatais, que hoje são responsáveis pela execução dos serviços de água e esgoto em aproximadamente 77% dos municípios brasileiros, a aferição da capacidade econômico-financeira e o aditamento dos contratos de programa para incorporação das novas metas representa um desafio tanto para os titulares dos serviços quanto para as próprias empresas, tendo em vista as peculiaridades dessa forma de prestação e dos contratos de programa, os quais estão, em regra, inseridos em uma prestação regionalizada dos serviços, com a prática do subsídio cruzado e de uma estrutura tarifária única para diversos municípios.
[Metodologia/abordagem/design] Para analisar a possibilidade de incorporação das novas metas de universalização, deverá ser levado em conta o contexto em que os contratos de programa estão inseridos, bem como a superação dos entraves relacionados às medidas de reequilíbrio econômico-financeiro, como a vedação da prorrogação da vigência dos contratos de programa e a resistência política na definição de novos valores tarifários, de modo que a incorporação das novas metas de universalização seja concomitante à garantia do equilíbrio contratual, atendendo ao público com a prestação de um serviço eficiente, universal e com tarifas adequadas.
[Resultados] Vislumbra-se um cenário incerto e de muita dificuldade para os contratos de programa existentes e para as próprias empresas estatai
O direito humano ao saneamento básico, desigualdades de gênero e as normas de referência da ANA
Full text link[Purpose] Even though sanitation is treated, at the international and domestic level, as a human right, there was no sufficient implementation in the Brazilian scenario. In addition to the low coverage rates of sanitation, these services are unevenly distributed among genders, races, and classes.
[Findings] This article proposes that the ANA regulations – especially those provided in Article 4°-A, I, IV, and XII, of Law n.° 9.984/2000 – address such inequalities to achieve the material universalization of the fundamental right to basic sanitation.[Purpose] Even though sanitation is treated, at the international and domestic level, as a human right, there was no sufficient implementation in the Brazilian scenario. In addition to the low coverage rates of sanitation, these services are unevenly distributed among genders, races, and classes.
[Findings] This article proposes that the ANA regulations – especially those provided in Article 4°-A, I, IV, and XII, of Law n.° 9.984/2000 – address such inequalities to achieve the material universalization of the fundamental right to basic sanitation.[Propósito] A despeito de o saneamento básico ser tratado, no plano internacional e interno, como direito humano, não houve sua consecução no cenário brasileiro. Além dos baixos índices de cobertura dos serviços públicos de saneamento, estes estão desigualmente distribuídos entre gêneros, raças e classes.
[Resultados] Este artigo propõe, portanto, que as normas de referência da ANA previstas no art. 4°-A, inc. I, IV e XIII, da Lei 9.984/2000 (com redação dada pela Lei 14.026/2020) enderecem tais desigualdades a fim de que seja alcançada a universalização material do direito fundamental ao saneamento básico
The Content of the Right to Internet Access
Full text link[Purpose] Having internet access is essential for the full enjoyment of many human rights. Therefore, this Article aims to determine the minimum essential content of the right to the internet in order to both understand the extent to which it deserves protection and to verify compliance with the obligations it entails. We describe the evolving nature of internet and broadband access due to technological developments and social needs. We also present the different positions regarding internet access as a human right or not, as well as how this right is acknowledged in the Mexican Constitution.
[Methodology/Approach/Design] The methodology was the review and analysis of norms, case law, academic and public policy documents, as well as references to relevant statistical data. The scope of the paper is framed in the discussion of fundamental and human rights.
[Findings] The right to internet access has both a negative dimension and a positive one. The negative dimension consists of a State obligation not to limit or restrict the right to internet access. The positive dimension must be determined using the economic, social, and cultural rights standard of the four As, namely, availability, accessibility, acceptability, and adaptability. Finally, we propose the minimum essential content of the right to internet access on those four characteristics.
[Practical Implications] - This Article provides arguments and bases for the minimum essential content of the right to internet access and broadband which are relevant for policymakers, judicial decisions, and civil society. Also, the academic debate is and will be open on the subject matter of this paper insofar as the evolutionary nature of technology, demands a constant review and update of the minimum essential content of the right.
[Originality/Value] There is currently no literature regarding what a right to internet access and broadband would include as obligations to States and other parties.[Purpose] Having internet access is essential for the full enjoyment of many human rights. Therefore, this Article aims to determine the minimum essential content of the right to the internet in order to both understand the extent to which it deserves protection and to verify compliance with the obligations it entails. We describe the evolving nature of internet and broadband access due to technological developments and social needs. We also present the different positions regarding internet access as a human right or not, as well as how this right is acknowledged in the Mexican Constitution.
[Methodology/Approach/Design] The methodology was the review and analysis of norms, case law, academic and public policy documents, as well as references to relevant statistical data. The scope of the paper is framed in the discussion of fundamental and human rights.
[Findings] The right to internet access has both a negative dimension and a positive one. The negative dimension consists of a State obligation not to limit or restrict the right to internet access. The positive dimension must be determined using the economic, social, and cultural rights standard of the four As, namely, availability, accessibility, acceptability, and adaptability. Finally, we propose the minimum essential content of the right to internet access on those four characteristics.
[Practical Implications] - This Article provides arguments and bases for the minimum essential content of the right to internet access and broadband which are relevant for policymakers, judicial decisions, and civil society. Also, the academic debate is and will be open on the subject matter of this paper insofar as the evolutionary nature of technology, demands a constant review and update of the minimum essential content of the right.
[Originality/Value] There is currently no literature regarding what a right to internet access and broadband would include as obligations to States and other parties.[Purpose] Having internet access is essential for the full enjoyment of many human rights. Therefore, this Article aims to determine the minimum essential content of the right to the internet in order to both understand the extent to which it deserves protection and to verify compliance with the obligations it entails. We describe the evolving nature of internet and broadband access due to technological developments and social needs. We also present the different positions regarding internet access as a human right or not, as well as how this right is acknowledged in the Mexican Constitution.
[Methodology/Approach/Design] The methodology was the review and analysis of norms, case law, academic and public policy documents, as well as references to relevant statistical data. The scope of the paper is framed in the discussion of fundamental and human rights.
[Findings] The right to internet access has both a negative dimension and a positive one. The negative dimension consists of a State obligation not to limit or restrict the right to internet access. The positive dimension must be determined using the economic, social, and cultural rights standard of the four As, namely, availability, accessibility, acceptability, and adaptability. Finally, we propose the minimum essential content of the right to internet access on those four characteristics.
[Practical Implications] - This Article provides arguments and bases for the minimum essential content of the right to internet access and broadband which are relevant for policymakers, judicial decisions, and civil society. Also, the academic debate is and will be open on the subject matter of this paper insofar as the evolutionary nature of technology, demands a constant review and update of the minimum essential content of the right.
[Originality/Value] There is currently no literature regarding what a right to internet access and broadband would include as obligations to States and other parties.[Purpose] Having internet access is essential for the full enjoyment of many human rights. Therefore, this Article aims to determine the minimum essential content of the right to the internet in order to both understand the extent to which it deserves protection and to verify compliance with the obligations it entails. We describe the evolving nature of internet and broadband access due to technological developments and social needs. We also present the different positions regarding internet access as a human right or not, as well as how this right is acknowledged in the Mexican Constitution.
[Methodology/Approach/Design] The methodology was the review and analysis of norms, case law, academic and public policy documents, as well as references to relevant statistical data. The scope of the paper is framed in the discussion of fundamental and human rights.
[Findings] The right to internet access has both a negative dimension and a positive one. The negative dimension consists of a State obligation not to limit or restrict the right to internet access. The positive dimension must be determined using the economic, social, and cultural rights standard of the four As, namely, availability, accessibility, acceptability, and adaptability. Finally, we propose the minimum essential content of the right to internet access on those four characteristics.
[Practical Implications] - This Article provides arguments and bases for the minimum essential content of the right to internet access and broadband which are relevant for policymakers, judicial decisions, and civil society. Also, the academic debate is and will be open on the subject matter of this paper insofar as the evolutionary nature of technology, demands a constant review and update of the minimum essential content of the right.
[Originality/Value] There is currently no literature regarding what a right to internet access and broadband would include as obligations to States and other parties
DECISÕES ARBITRÁRIAS COMO VIOLAÇÃO AO ACESSO À JUSTIÇA
No full textThe essay intended to analyze the characteristics of arbitrary decisions in Brazilian legal system and demonstrate how it could violate the access to justice. Therefore, it will be demonstrated that is not enough just observe the right to petition (art. 5o, XXXIV, CF, but also to provide effective and just substantive rights. In that way, firstly it will be a brief written exposition about the access to justice; secondly, it will be done a distinction between hermeneutic and arbitrariness, in order to recognize the situation. Finally, it will be related the previous two topics, to demonstrate how the arbitrary decisions effectively violate the access to justice.O artigo visa realizar uma análise a respeito da eventual caracterização de decisões arbitrárias no ordenamento brasileiro e demonstrar como elas podem violar o acesso à justiça dos indivíduos em uma concepção mais ampla. Demonstrar-se-á, portanto, que não basta apenas garantir o direito de petição (art. 5º, XXXIV, CF/88) mas também se deve tutelar os direitos materiais forma efetiva e justa. Dessa forma, em um primeiro momento haverá uma breve exposição a respeito do movimento do acesso à justiça; em segundo plano, far-se-á uma diferenciação entre a hermenêutica jurídica e a arbitrariedade das decisões, a fim de caracterizar a situação; por fim, relacionar-se-á os dois tópicos anteriores, a demonstrar como as decisões arbitrárias violam efetivamente o acesso à justiça