E-Journal Center for Plant Conservation Botanic Gardens-LIPI (Indonesian Institute of Sciences / Lembaga Ilmu Pengetahuan Indonesia)
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A REVIEW OF THE BIOLOGY OF RAFFLESIA: WHAT DO WE KNOW AND WHAT’S NEXT?
Get PDFA literature review was conducted to summarize information, particularly recently published, on the biology of Rafflesia. By far most of the recent papers on Rafflesia have named new species. Since 2002, ten species have been discovered in the Philippines compared to three species in Indonesia. Recent work also has explored phylogenetics (e.g. evolutionary history of the genus and of floral gigantism, horizontal transfer of genes and loss of the chloroplast genome) and anatomy (e.g. endophyte, flower development); other recent studies have focused on biochemistry. Unfortunately, we still know very little about the life cycle, biology and ecological relations of Rafflesia. Much of what we know comes from observations and not from experimental evidence. Population declines have been noted which are sometimes related to habitat destruction or natural disturbances but other times the cause(s) are unknown. Questions remain unanswered on its reproductive biology and on its population genetic structure and diversity. With changing climates, we vitally need long-term population studies in relation to environmental parameters
KONSERVASI Paphiopedilum supardii Braem & Loeb DENGAN METODE PENYIMPANAN BIJI DAN PERBANYAKAN SECARA IN VITRO
Get PDFPaphiopedilum supardii Braem & Loeb is one of Slipper Orchids from Kalimantan, which is included in Appendix I of CITES. It is a critically endangered orchid with restricted habitat endemic to Kalimantan, found growing at altitude of 600-900 m above sea level. In Indonesia, this species is categorized as the priority species for conservation. The aim of this research was to conserve this orchid species through seed storage method in deep freezer (-20 oC) then evaluate the seed germination and growth on some medium composition. Four different media composition were used to test the germination i.e. Knudson C with micro nutrient (KCA), modified Knudson C (KC), modified Vacin & Went (VW) and modified leaf fertilizer (HS). Seed viability test was carried out in 0, 1, 2, 3, 6, 9 and 12 months after storage. The result showed that the seeds of Paphiopedilum supardii were able to germinate in four different germination medium after 12 months of storage. The germination test showed that Knudson C medium with micronutrient (KCA) resulted on the best performance of green protocorm, while the other media tend to produce brown protocorm. Unfortunately, KCA gave the lowest percentage of germination. Furthermore, subculture of protocorm for multiplication and rooting phase was the best in Knudson C medium with addition of both micronutrient and organic materials
RETENSI DAN PERUBAHAN PENGETAHUAN ETNOBOTANI MASYARAKAT KERINCI DI TAMAN NASIONAL KERINCI SEBLAT
Get PDFEthnobotany is required to study the concepts of local knowledge about the plants which are the result of the development of the culture of a community, while conservation is an effort to maintain the sustainability of natural resources through protection, preservation and wise use. Ethnobotany can be used as an indicator for successful forest resources management. The objectives of this study are to identify the local knowledge of Kerinci community associated to the plant and to analyze the level of knowledge and retention in ethnobotany. The study was conducted in three locations i.e. Dusun Lempur Baru, Dusun Ulu Jernih and Dusun Lama Tamiai in Kerinci Regency, Jambi Province. The research was conducted between October 2013 and October 2014. Qualitative research approach with participant observation and quantitative methods using questionnaires with 30 respondents in each location. The results showed that the level of knowledge Kerinci community in ethnobotany is at the medium level (MGJ = 0.625 ). There are differences in the level of knowledge among the three study sites. There is a decline of the knowledge with the annual average annual change is CA < 0.1
PHENETIC AND PHYLOGENETIC ANALYSES OF TENGKAWANG (Shorea spp., DIPTEROCARPACEAE) BASED ON MORPHOLOGICAL AND MOLECULAR DATA
Get PDFTengkawang is referred to a group of approximately 16 species of Shorea producing illipe butter from their kernels. The name Tengkawang mostly referred to the Bornean Illipe Nut, even though they are not restrictly distributed in Borneo. Nine of the 16 species belonging to Shorea Section Pachycarpae, two species of Section Brachypterae, three species of Section Mutica and two species of Section Shorea. Recent phylogenetic studies
based on molecular markers considered Section Pachycarpae tend to form a monophyletic group. This present study was aimed to investigate the nature of groupings within Tengkawang and their relatedness based on phenotypic traits and molecular data. Thirteen species of Shorea were selected to perform a phenetic and cladistics analyses. An UPGMA dendrogram of Tengkawang was obtained using percentage similarity coefficient. All species tengkawang were united in a group at similarity coeffiecient of 70%. The relatively high similarity (70%) that shared among 13 species of tengkawang has supported the timber grouping of tengkawang. Shorea section Pachycarpae shared 78% similarity among them. The principal Component Analysis (PCA) was also performed and showed the relative position of 13 of Tengkawang in two-dimension. The PCA has also identified all the 35 morphological traits having important roles in the grouping of Shorea section Pachycarpae. A comparative phylogenetic analysis using several chloroplast genes was also in accordance to the results of phenetic analysis, and that the Bornean endemic Shorea section Pachycarpae was a monophyletic group located at the terminal cladogram
PERSILANGAN INTERSPESIFIK Ipomoea batatas (L.) Lam. DENGAN I. trifida (H.B.K.) G. Don. BERUMBI ASAL CITATAH, JAWA BARAT
Get PDFIpomoea trifida, a wild type of sweet potato (I. batatas), has a high potential to improve yield on dry matter content, starch, protein, as well as resistance to pests and certain diseases via hybridization. Interspecific crossing is an effort to increase genetic diversity in plant breeding programs, therefore the study of interspecific crossing between I. batatas and I. trifida becomes very important. The objectives of the research were to determine the level of compatibility of the interspecific crossing between I. batatas and I. trifida. Maternal parents were two accessions of tetraploid-I. batatas (2n = 4x = 60) namely accessions 206 (cv. Cilembu) and accessions 217 (cv. Ex-Japan), while the paternal parent was accessions 99 of diploid-I. trifida (2n = 2x = 30) originated from Citatah, West Java. Crossing was done in the morning after emasculation on flower buds one day before. Obsevation was carried out 25 days after crossing. The results showed that all the interspecific crossing between accessions 206 (cv. Cilembu) x accessions 99 (I. trifida) and accessions 217(Ex- Japan) x accessions 99 (I. trifida) had a low success level with the percentage of crossability, were 6.67% and 9.76 %; the rate of aborted fruits reached were 93.33% and 90.24%; number of seeds produced were 12 and 35, and percentage of germination were 25% and 17.14 %, respectively. Analysis of F1 chromosome showed that all the F1 plants were triploid with chromosomes number was 45 (2n = 3x = 45)
MUSIM BERBUNGA DAN BERBUAH JENIS-JENIS TANAMAN KOLEKSI SUKU ANNONACEAE DI KEBUN RAYA BOGOR
Get PDFAnnonaceae has various potential as ornamental plant, roadside plant, cosmetics and perfume ingredients, traditional medicines and insecticides. The information about the time of flowering and fruiting of Annonaceae will be usefull to support utilization of each species. A research on flowering and fruiting time of Annonaceae in Bogor Botanic Gardens was undertaken in 2012-2014. A total of 40 species of the Bogor Botanic Gardens collection has been observed. The observed parameters were: flowering and fruiting time, type of flowering, flowering pattern, fruiting pattern, flowering and fruiting calendar as well. The number of flowering and fruiting species were fluctuated each month ranging from 29–35 species and 21-28 species respectively. Meanwhile, the peak of flowering time occurred in Oktober-November (35 species). The peak of fruiting time occurred in Desember with 28 species. Flowering type determined by flushing or non flushing phase. The flowering type by flushing phase are found in 16 species and without flushing phase are found in 24 species. The flowering pattern among the species determined by the time of flowering in a year. There were 1 times, 2 times, 3 times, 4 times and ever blooming. The pattern of fruiting was no fruiting, 2 times, 3 times, 4 times and continuously
PERKEMBANGAN BUNGA DAN UJI VIABILITAS SERBUK SARI BUNGA LIPSTIK Aeschynanthus radicans var. 'Monalisa' DI KEBUN RAYA BOGOR
Get PDFAeschynanthus radicans var. ‘Monalisa’ also known as lipstick flower, is epiphytic genus of the Gesneriaceae. This plant has high potent as parent for hybridization. Knowledge of flower development in accordance with pollen viability from parent plant is needed to increase the success rate of hybridization. This research aimed to determine the flower development in accordance with its pollen viability of A. radicans var. ‘Monalisa’, The macroscopic observation was done for flower development process. Pollen viability test was observed via in vitro germination and staining test for correlation method analyses. The flower development was took 34–35 days from bud initiation until anthesis, while the period of flower blooming was 12–13 days. The type of pollination syndrome is dychogamous protandrous as the time of pollen maturity is in advance before the stigma receptive. The highest pollen viability in Bewbacker and Kwack (BK) media found at the second days of blooming, which had the value for long filaments and short filaments of 55.7% and 56.7%, respectively. The highest pollen viability from staining test found at the stadium first day of blooming, with the value of long filaments and short filaments are 41.8% and 48.0% respectively with 1% aniline blue; and 29.4% and 27.2% respectively with 1% I2KI. The pollen viability in BK media with 1% aniline blue and 1% I2KI were positively correlated
MORFOLOGI DAN VIABILITAS POLEN PADA DUA SPESIES BELIMBING HUTAN (Averrhoa dolichocarpa dan A. leucopetala)
Get PDFWild starfruit Averrhoa dolichocarpa and A. leucopetala belong to Oxidaceae family. Both of these species are known as wild startfruit. Usage these species as a fruit or medicine are not discover yet. A number of flowers aborted during pre and at anthesis. As a result the flower failed to produce a fruit. The aims of the research were to study the pollen morphology and viability at a day before anthesis (H-1) and at anthesis (H0) stadia by the method of germination in the Brewbaker and Kwack (BK) and 10% sucrose media. The pollen shape of the wild starfruit (A. dolichocarpa and A. leucopetala) is globose with three aperture or tricolpate. Polen with smooth surfaces is A. leucopetala and polen with rogh surfaces is A. dolicocarpha, also included into the group of medium-type pollen. Preliminary study showed that the optimum incubation time of pollen germination test was 16 hours. BK medium showed a better result for germination test instead of 10% sucrose with viability 68.4% and 54.6%, respectively. Pollen viability of wild starfruit at H0 stadia (65.29%) was higher than pollen viability at H-1 stadia (57.68%) except on A. dolichocarpa that grow in the slopes on long filaments in both of BK and 10% sucrose media. Pollen viability of wild starfruit on long filaments were higher than on the short filaments i.e. 62.5% and 60.5%, respectively
KOMPOSISI VEGETASI, POLA SEBARAN DAN FAKTOR HABITAT Ficus magnoliifolia (NUNU PISANG) DI HUTAN PANGALE, DESA TORO, SULAWESI TENGAH
Get PDFFicus magnoliifolia (nunu pisang) has an important role in ecology. Ecological on the other hand, Moma community in the Toro village, Central Sulawesi use it for their daily need. Ecological aspect of nunu pisang is important for its conservation due to its sustainable utilization. The aims of this research were to determine and describe the vegetation composition, the distribution pattern and habitat factors of nunu pisang in Pangale forest by terraced path method. Data was analyzed by vegetation analysis, distribution pattern, diversity index, similarity index of communities, association interspecies and habitat factors. The research was conducted from January to March 2015. The result showed that nunu pisang found in the growth stage of epiphytes, hemyepifit, strangler, and tree but mostly in tree. The distribution pattern of nunu pisang’s tree was clumped. Its associations with other species were very low (<0,22) and low (0,27). The important habitat factor of nunu pisang were soil temperature, soil moisture and trees density