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Formulation and characterisation of solid lipid nanoparticle hydrogels of naproxen
No full textNaproxen is Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) and is considered to be first line drug in treatment of rheumatoid arthritis, osteo arthritis and ankylosing spondylitis. Naproxen undergoes first pass metabolism when taken orally and it also produces some GI problems. The aim of the study is to improve the efficacy, drug loading capacity and biocompatibility of drug by formulating in solid lipid nanoparticles. To minimize the toxicity and increase the stability of drug by encapsulating in nanoparticulate system. To optimize the developed solid lipid nanoparticle formulations. Drug Naproxen has been loaded with lipid carriers and then formulated in to Hydrogels with the objective of prolonging its action and avoiding its most side effects by incorporation of solid lipid carriers which is achieved by Nanostructured lipid carrier (NLC). Nanostructured lipid carrier was prepared by Ultra sonication or High-Speed Homogenization method. Characterization of nanostructured lipid carrier was performed by measuring particle size, drug entrapment efficiency and in-vitro drug release. Spherical uniform particles (size below 500 nm), Drug entrapment efficiency was found to be in the range of about 69-86%. The drug release profile of all the formulations after 24 h study was found to be in the range of 43%- 94%. Formulation showing sustained release profile at the end of the study was found to be the best formulation. Optimized formulation was converted in to hydrogel with Carbopol as gelling agent was formulated and characterized for its physical appearance, pH, viscosity, spreadability, homogeneity studies. The result concludes that Naproxen loaded nanostructured lipid carrier could be a potential drug delivery system
Formulation and evaluation of controlled - release floating tablets of pregabalin
Get PDFGastroretentive controlled release systems aim to provide a steady release of medication to maintain therapeutic levels over an extended period. Developing an oral controlled release drug delivery system involves not only sustaining drug release but also prolonging the presence of the dosage form in the gastrointestinal tract until the drug is completely released at the desired time. The article's objective was to create and assess controlled-release floating tablets of pregabalin, a gabapentinoid drug, in the stomach to increase gastric residence time, thereby extending drug release and enhancing oral bioavailability. This was achieved by incorporating gelling polymers like Hydroxypropyl methylcellulose. Pregabalin (PGB) is commonly used to treat diabetic neuropathy, post-herpetic neuralgia, fibromyalgia, and partial-onset seizures. Pregabalin is primarily absorbed in the upper gastrointestinal tract and has a short half-life. Therefore, to reduce the dosing frequency of pregabalin a gastroretantive controlled release system. Hence it was decided to formulate and evaluate as controlled-release floating tablets of pregabalin using different combinations of HPMC K4M and HPMC K100LV
A review on Anitibiotic resistance
Get PDFAntibiotics are the ' wonder medicines ' used for battling microbes. Numerous types of antibiotics have been not only used for therapeutic purposes for decades, but have been used prophylactically across other fields such as livestock and animal husbandry. The emergence of multidrug resistance among pathogenic bacteria jeopardizes the importance of antibiotics which have transformed medical sciences before. A growing list of infections, i.e. pneumonia, tuberculosis, and gonorrhea, is becoming more difficult and sometimes impossible to treat as antibiotics become less effective. Antibiotic-resistant infections are correlated with antibiotic intake levels. It is mainly the non-judicial use of antibiotics that makes the bacteria immune. Extensive efforts are required to reduce the rate of resistance by researching emerging microorganisms, mechanisms of resistance and antimicrobial agents. Multidisciplinary strategies are required across health care environments, as well as across sectors of the environment and agriculture. Conservative new approaches including probiotics, antibodies, and vaccines have demonstrated positive results in future trials that suggest the role of these alternative options as preventative or adjunct therapies
Formulation and in-vitro evaluation of ciprofloxacin HCl floating matrix tablets
Get PDFOral drug delivery is the most widely utilized route of administration among all the routes that have been explored for systemic delivery of drugs via pharmaceutical products of different dosage form. Oral route is considered most natural, uncomplicated, convenient and safe due to its ease of administration, patient acceptance and cost-effective manufacturing process. Gastroretentive drug delivery system was developed in pharmacy field and drug retention for a prolonged time has been achieved. The goal of this study was to formulate and in-vitro evaluate Ciprofloxacin HCl controlled release matrix floating tablets. Ciprofloxacin HCl floating matrix tablets were prepared by wet granulation method using two polymers such as HPMC K100M (hydrophilic polymer) and HPMC K15M. All the Evaluation parameters were within the acceptable limits. FTIR spectral analysis showed that there was no interaction between the drug and polymers. In-vitro dissolution study was carried out using USP dissolution test apparatus (paddle type) at 50 rpm. The test was carried out at 37 ± 0.5 0C in 900ml of the 0.1 N HCl buffer as the medium for eight hours. HPMC K100M shows a prolonged release when compared to HPMC K15M. These findings indicated that HPMC K100M can be used to develop novel gastroretentive controlled release drug delivery systems with the double advantage of controlled drug release at GIT pH. On comparing the major criteria in evaluation such as preformulation and in vitro drug release characteristics, the formulation F8 was selected as the best formulation, as it showed the drug content as 99±0.4% and swelling index ratio was 107.14, and in-vitro drug released 61.31±0.65% up to 8 hours. Results indicated that controlled Ciprofloxacin HCl release was directly proportional to the concentration of HPMC K100M and the release of drug followed non-Fickian diffusion. Based on all the above evaluation parameters it was concluded that the formulation batch F8 was found to be best formulation among the formulations F1 to F8 were prepared
Development and characterization of miconazole nitrate transfersomal gel
Get PDFMiconazole nitrate (MIC) is an antifungal drug used for the treatment of superficial fungal infections. However, it has low skin permeability. Hence, the basic idea behind the development of such a system, transfersomes is to maintain a sustain release of drug from the dosage form and for target delivery. Miconazole nitrate was formulated as transfersomes, half-life can be increased and the desired effect can be obtained. MIC transfersomes were prepared using a thin lipid film hydration technique. The prepared transfersomes were evaluated with respect to entrapment efficiency (EE%), particle size, and quantity of in vitro drug released to obtain an optimized formulation. The optimized formulation of MIC transfersomes was incorporated into a Carbapol 934 gel base which was for drug content, pH, spreadability, viscosity, in vitro permeation, and in vitro activity. The prepared MIC transfersomes had a high EE% ranging from 65.45% to 80.11%, with small particle sizes ranging from 368 nm to 931 nm. The in vitro release study suggested that there was an inverse relationship between EE% and in vitro release. In 24 hrs the drug release was observed ranging from 79.08% to 88.72%. The kinetic analysis of all release profiles was found to follow Higuchi’s diffusion model. All independent variables had a significant effect on the dependent variables (p-values < 0.05). Therefore, Miconazole nitrate in the form of transfersomes has the ability to penetrate the skin, overcoming the stratum corneum barrier. When the data subjected to zero order and first order kinetics model, a linear relationship was observed with high R2 values for zero order model as compared to first order model and suggested that the formulations followed zero order sustained release
Surgical glue- a promising technology for wound healing
No full textWound closure is one of the important steps of surgical dressing and suturing is the most commonly used method of wound closure. The process of suturing takes very long time for surgery and increases the patient’s risk of anesthesia awareness. Skin glues are a safe and effective method to close selected wounds. They are also cost-effective and help prevent infection. Ideally, wounds should be less than 4 cm, not contaminated or infected and have skin edges that are not under tension. Wounds should be closed within 12 hours. Novel methods of wound closure have been introduced to address these issues, most notably cyanoacrylate tissue glues. The evidence would suggest that the use of cyanoacrylate tissue glue is associated with a reduction in closure time and costs. On a daily basis, dermasurgeons are facing different kinds of wounds that have to be closed. With a plethora of skin closure materials currently available, choosing a solution that combines excellent and rapid cosmetic results with practicality and cost-effectiveness is preferred
Formulation and evaluation of herbal ointment containing Cajanus Cajan extract
Get PDFFrom the ancient times being a rich source of protein and a most important forage crop, Cajanus Cajan is the most widely used and cultivated crop. It has also been used traditionally in many parts of the world for its innumerable medicinal properties but still its identity as a medicinal plant is not established. To date, several flavonoids, isoflavonoids, tannins and protein fractions have been isolated from its different parts and their medicinal uses have been established, but many bioactive constituents and pure compounds have so far been neglected by phytochemists and pharmacologists and a large amount of work has been done only on extracts and not the isolated fractions which shows scope for further study in this direction. Traditional knowledge of the past and present folk is of massive value to the development of newer drug compounds. In the present work an attempt has been made in the development of four formulations of herbal ointment of Cajanus Cajan. All the formulations were studied for physicochemical properties like spreadability, extrudability, washability, solubility, loss on drying and showed satisfactory results. The prepared formulations showed proper pH range that is approximately pH 6; it confirms the compatibility of the formulations with skin secretions. The ointment formulations were found to be stable during stability study according to ICH guidelines (40 ± 2 °C/ 75 ± 5 % RH) for 3 months. F4 was found to be the best formulation as it shows 97.36% drug release within 5 hours, drug content 97.68% as compared to other three formulations
Swietenia mahagoni Jacq. – A medicinal boon among woods
No full textMahogany is an economically very valuable timber tree. The phytochemical components included in plant extracts make them a less risky and more cost-effective choice. Swieteniamhagoni is a medium to large evergreen tree with 30-35 m of height, which belongs to Meliaceae family. Meliaceae (the mahogany) is a family of flowering plants that includes about 51 genera and 575 species of trees. S. mahagoni produced fragrant, yellow green colour with less than 0.3 inches wide, small flowers. The plant is native to the Bahamas, Antilles, USA, Hispaniola, Jamaica, Haiti, Southern Florida, Cuba, and widely cultivated in India, Sri Lanka, Bangladesh, Indonesia, Philippines, Malaysia and China. The identification of chemical compounds derived from herbal plants has sparked research into the phytocompounds responsible for their biological properties. The Swieteniamahagoni (L.) belongs to the Meliaceae family, which consists mainly of evergreen blooming plants. This family, which has around 50 genera and 550 species, has been widely farmed in South Asia and the Pacific region. A broad variety of diseases are treated using various species from this family’s usage in traditional medicine. The bark of S. mahagoni is used as a spice and in spirits, while its seeds are employed for the treatment of malaria, diabetic complications, autoimmune disorders, viral infections, eating disorders, and hypertension. The therapeutic properties of plants are attributed to their secondary metabolites, which can be used to produce natural antibiotics. The Meliaceae family contains various chemical compounds, including triterpenoids (limonoids), which are more abundant in this family than in others. Diabetes is endocrine chronic metabolic disorder in insulin production or insulin resistance. It is diagnosed with hyperglycemia and other parameters such as HbA1c. Insulin is one of among the hormones which regulate the blood glucose level (BGL). Phytochemicals content of S. mahagoni are phospholipid, alkaloids, phenols, flavonoids, antraquinones, saponins, terpenoids, cardiac glycosides, volatile oils and long chain unsaturated acid. The dire need for such a review arises as the plant is included in the list of endangered species due to its high exploitation for timber utilization
Formulation and evaluation of nanoparticulate ofloxacin ophthalmic gel using ionic gelation method
Get PDFOflaxacin is an ophthalmic and topical anti-bacterial agent used in the management of Allergic conjunctivitis, Trachoma, Blepharitis. The basic idea behind the development of such a system is to maintain a sustained drug release from the dosage form. Oflaxacin is suitable candidate for formulation into sustained dosage form in order to prolong the release of drug. The drug-excipient compatibility studies were carried out by using FTIR technique. Based on the results, excipients were found to be compatible with ofloxacin. In preformulation study, estimation of Ofloxacin was carried out by systronics UV spectrophotometer at λmax 284nm using distilled water, which had a good reproducibility and this method was used in entire study. Formulation was prepared by using ionic gelation method .The response drug content, entrapment efficiency, diffusion, spreadability, In vitro drug release was evaluated Drug content ranging from to 82.6 % to 91.24% entrapment efficiency values are ranged from 91.25% to 94.02% and in -vitro drug release studies are also studied. The In-vitro drug release study of Ofloxacin was carried out by using In-vitro diffusion apparatus.100ml of using tear fluid was taken in a beaker. The solution was stirred with 100rpm by maintaining the temperature of 37˚c ± 5˚c. The drug release data were explored for this type of release mechanism followed. The best fit with the highest determination R2 coefficients was shown by both the models (zero and peppas) followed by Higuchi model which indicate the drug release via diffusion mechanism. However as indicated by the values of R both of the models (zero and peppas) followed by Higuchi model were found to be efficient in describing the release of Ofloxacin
Formulation, optimization and characterization of Betaxolol hydrochloride proniosomes using 3-2 factorial design
Get PDF<p>The revolution in nanotechnology has lead to the development of various dosage forms such as vesicular drug delivery and in particular liposomes, niosomes, proniosomes, aquasomes, bilosomes etc. The disad-vantages exhibited by the liposomes, niosomes can be overcome through introduction of proniosomes which are compact liquid crystalline structures and convert to niosomes upon hydration. The investigation is focused on development and optimization of Betaxolol proniosomes using three square factorial design technique with the aid of design expert 11.0 ® trial version. The optimization technique prefers choles-terol and span 60 as independent variables and drug content, vesicular size, and entrapment efficacy as dependent variables. The design generated total 13 formulations among which F10 exhibited 98.1% drug content and 97.3% of entrapment efficacy. In view of other parameters, F10 exhibits 6.5 pH, 3.8 ve-sicular size and follows diffusion mechanism with anomalous drug transport. Hence, the obtained results specify that F10 is optimized and can be opted for commercialization.</p>