Journal for Foundations and Applications of Physics
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Analysis of complimentary notch loaded multifrequency compact printed antenna
Get PDFA single layer single feed rectangular microstrip antenna is designed and parametrically studied. Multifrequency operation is achieved along with the compactness. Complimentary symmetrical slots have been added at the edges of the patch with an extra slot placed diagonally at its top right corner to achieve multifrequency with a reduced size. It has been found that modifying the length and the width of the slots result in a rapid change in the prospect of frequency, gain, VSWR etc. The simulated result of the proposed antenna shows that it resonates at 3.79 GHz, 5.43 GHz, 5.83 GHz and 6.44 GHz. The proposed antenna has achieved 56.52% size reduction as compared with the conventional rectangular microstrip patch antenna. A profound evaluation of the radiation pattern, gain, voltage standing wave ratio, reflection coefficient ( ) and radiation efficiency of the proposed antenna is discussed in this paper
The Effect of Temperature and Active layer thickness on the Performance of CH3NH3PbI3 Perovskite Solar Cell: A Numerical Simulation approach
Get PDFIn this work, General-purpose Photovoltaic Device Model (GPVDM) software was used to investigate the performance of a perovskite solar cell with CH3NH3PbI3 as its active layer. GPVDM is a free general-purpose tool for simulation of light harvesting devices. The model solves both electrons and holes drift-diffusion, and carrier continuity equations in position space to describe the movement of charge within the device. The model also solves Poisson\u27s equation to calculate the internal electrostatic potential. Recombination and carrier trapping are described within the model using a Shockley-Read-Hall (SRH) formalism, the distribution of trap states can be arbitrarily defined. The software gives an output that contains the Current-Voltage (I-V) characteristic curves. A study into the effect of active layer thickness and temperature on the performance of the solar cell device was carried out. The optimal active layer thickness was found to be 3 x 10-7m. When the thickness exceeds 3 x 10-7 m, then the efficiency drops. At the optimal thickness of 3 x 10-7m, the devices were found to have power conversion efficiency up to 14.7%. On other hand the fill factor (FF) decreases as the thickness increases. The FF is highest at active layer thickness of 1 x 10-7m. The effect of device temperature also studied and the optimal working temperature was found to be 300 K, where power conversion efficiency and FF are 15.4 % and 0.76 respectively
Free energy analysis of binary alloys at phase transition
Get PDFOrder-disorder transformation in alloys is a fascinating and extensively studied problem for many years. This transformation has been studied widely using the two state Ising model. But vacancies are not considered in two state Ising model, which may play an important rule in determining the composition of stable configuration. So we used three state Ising model which takes vacancies also at lattice sites. To make a realistic study we have included kinetic energy of the particles in the total Hamiltonian
Simultaneous measurement of wave and particle properties using modified Young\u27s double-slit experiment
Get PDFThe principle of complementarity is the foundation of quantum mechanics; its correctness has been verified by several studies. At present, the Englert-Greenberger duality relation is used for quantitative evaluations. We fabricated a new double slit experimental apparatus capable of simultaneously measuring the visibility and path-distinguishability, and measured the wave and particle properties. We thus obtained results in disagreement with the principle of complementarity
Comment on Aspect\u27s experiment: classical interpretation
No full textQuantum mechanics was the foundation for physics in the 20th century and its mysterious world has presented various unique effects beyond human understanding. In particular, Aspect’s experiment and Bell’s inequality suggest a non-local interaction causing wave packet reduction, and are regarded as evidence for quantum mechanics’ validity. This short paper reconsiders the electric field of entangled light and Aspect’s experiment in terms of classical theory and shows that the experimental results can be explained equally as well
Performance Parameters of Graphite and Platinum Counter electrode Based Dye Sensitized Solar Cells
Get PDFIn the present course of work, we have successfully prepared a dye sensitized solar cell (DSSC) based on TiO2 film coated ITO (indium doped tin oxide) glass photo anode, N719 dye as sensitizer, iodine as redox couple electrolytes and a counter electrode with graphite film coated ITO glass. Powder of TiO2 was synthesized by sol gel route technique. The XRD pattern confirms the anatase and rutile phase of TiO2. Crystallite size of TiO2 powder is 75.5nm. The TiO2 paste was coated on ITO by doctor blade technique. The FTIR spectrum shows a main peak corresponding to 495cm-1. However, UV-Visible absorbance of graphite/ITO glass and platinum/ITO glass were obtained as 20-25% and 7-17% respectively in the wavelength range of 300-800nm. The open circuit voltage of DSSC has been observed to be maximum 690.1mV and 619.5mV for platinum and graphite counter electrode respectively. The OCV decay shows the non linear nature. The fill factor values were obtained as 0.60 and 0.50 for platinum and graphite based electrode of DSSCs respectively. The efficiencies of DSSC with platinum/ITO and graphite/ITO electrodes were found to be 1.63% and 0.89% respectively
Broad inhibition of transmission frequency in multilayered dielectric one dimensional photonic crystal nanostructure
Get PDFWe report the omnidirectional reflection (ODR) in one dimensional photonic crystal (PC) structure consisting of alternate layers of Cryolite (Na3AlF6) as material of low refractive index and Germanium (Ge) as material of high refractive index. The effects of the thickness of layers and incidence angles on the spectral reflectance have been investigated using transfer matrix method (TMM). The proposed structure gives 100% reflection within a wide range of wavelengths in the visible-near IR region (600 nm- 850 nm) which can be tuned according to the design parameters. We observe that cryolite based photonic crystal structure can be used as a good candidate for wavelength filter or broad reflector in the near infrared spectrum which is very useful in many imaging sensors in the field of optical technology
Comparison on electrical properties of pure Y2O3, bismuth doped Y2O3, zinc doped Y2O3, bismuth and zinc codoped Y2O3 prepared by sol-gel method
Get PDFYttrium oxide is widely studied nowadays as a substitute for SiO2 which is a well-known dielectric material. The uniqueness of yttrium oxide is that it has a high melting point (2430 °C) which is higher than other host materials like alumina, zirconia and yttrium aluminium garnet. Hence an attempt was made to add the dopants, bismuth and zinc simultaneously to the yttrium oxide lattice and to study their properties as a dielectric material. Also the dependence of their electrical properties on structure, particle size and morphology is analysed. Pure Yttrium oxide, bismuth doped yttrium oxide, zinc doped yttrium oxide and bismuth and zinc codoped yttrium oxide samples of 0.5 weight percentage of yttrium precursor as dopant concentration are synthesized by simple precipitation technique, sol-gel method. Electrical properties of the samples are studied and a comparative study is done on the doped and codoped samples and it was found that codoped samples show better electrical properties compared with single dopant samples
On the Incompatibility of Special Relativity and Quantum Mechanics
Get PDFSome of the strategies which have been put forward in order to deal with the inconsistency between quantum mechanics and special relativity are examined. The EPR correlations are discussed as a simple example of quantum mechanical macroscopic effects with spacelike separation from their causes. It is shown that they can be used to convey information, whose reliability can be estimated by means of Bayes\u27 theorem. Some of the current reasons advanced to deny that quantum mechanics contradicts special relativity are refuted, and an historical perspective is provided on the issue
Contact angle of spherical drops inside a smooth and homogeneous cylindrical capillary with hemispherical head
Get PDFTo investigate the wettability of spherical drops in a smooth and homogeneous cylindrical capillary with hemispherical head, based on Gibbs’s method of dividing surface and Rusanov’s concept of dividing line, the contact angle of spherical droplets has been successfully derived considering the effects of the line tension. Additionally, under the condition of ignoring the line tension, the equation describing the contact angle is simplified as the classical Young equation