Journal for Foundations and Applications of Physics
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A Non Dimensional Model of Reality
Get PDFA model of reality is discussed in which the universe is finite but unbounded, and which lacks the special state of an initial singularity. In this scenario, a primordial void or zero dimension would exist eternally - providing a dimensionless basis for cosmogenesis. Such an underlying zero dimension would establish a holographic relationship between all points in space-time - which would provide a basis for many of the non local behaviors of quantum mechanics. A zero dimension would also provide a place for consciousness to reside as a necessary part of science - that of the observer - thus providing a basis for the observer effect, and resolving the problem of mind-body duality. In addition, a zero dimension would provide a conceptual basis for the use of renormalization and imaginary time in physics equations involving space and time - and would likewise provide a basis for equations of physics being time-reversal invariant
The Shift in Bandgap and Dielectric Constant Due to lattice Expansion in CH3NH3SnI3 Using FHI-aims
Get PDFAlthough methyl ammonium lead iodide, (CH3NH3PbI3) has proven to be an effective photovoltaic material, there remains a main concern about the toxicity of lead, therefore determination of a lead free halide perovskite is of outstanding interest. Sn2+ metal cations are the most obvious substitute for Pb2+ in the perovskite structure because of the similar s2 valence electronic configuration to Pb2+. Sn2+ can form a perovskite with a basic formula ASnX3 (A= CH3NH3 and X = halide) because the ionic radius of Sn2+ is similar to that of Pb2+. With the above similarity, methyl ammonium tin iodide CH3NH3SnI3 is one of the common replacement for CH3NH3PbI3 in the fabrication of organic-inorganic perovskite solar cells. FHI-aims code was used to perform the simulation of CH3NH3SnI3 in this work. Geometry building, parameter optimization, determination of the best exchange functional, k-grid convergence test along with determination of equilibrium lattice constant and geometry relaxation for CH3NH3SnI3 were carried out. An energy direct band gap of 1.051 eV was obtained, with an underestimation of 0.249 eV which amount to 19.2% when compared with experimental value. The lattice constant obtained using phonopy with ZPE is close to experimental reported values with an underestimation of 3.01%. The temperature dependent of lattice constant was studied in the temperature range of 0 to 318 K. At the same temperature range, shift in energy bandgap and dielectric constant due to lattice expansion was also investigated
Quasi-exact solution of sextic anharmonic oscillator using a quotient polynomial
Get PDFAmong the one-dimensional, real and analytic polynomial potentials, the sextic anharmonic oscillator is the only one that can be quasi-exactly solved, if it is properly parametrized. In this work, we present a new method to quasi-exactly solve the sextic anharmonic oscillator and apply it to derive specific solutions. Our approach is based on the introduction of a quotient polynomial and can also be used to study the solvability of symmetrized (non-analytic) or complex PT-symmetric polynomial potentials, where it opens up new options
Optimization of two dimensional chiral photonic crystal nanostructures
Get PDFA chiral photonic crystal (CPC) in 2D is a structure that presents the variation of the dielectric permittivity and the chirality parameter along two directions of space. The objective of this paper is to simulate and study geometric effects on the characteristics of 2D chiral photonic crystal based on dielectric material using Comsol Multiphysics 5.0 environment. The properties of Chiral Photonic Crystal are discussed based on transmission coefficient (S21) and reflection coefficient (S11)
Interaction study of Glutamic Acid with double-stranded calf thymus DNA by using Cyclic Voltammetric, Ultraviolet-visible and Fluorescence spectroscopy
Get PDFInteraction of glutamic acid (Glu) was studied with double-stranded (ds) calf thymus DNA (CT-DNA) by cyclic voltammetry (CV) then obtained results were further correlated by ultraviolet-visible (UV-Vis) and fluorescence spectroscopies. Calculated binding constant from all techniques was very close to each other and it is around 3.54× 103 M L-1. Further binding sites were also calculated and it is near to 1, which indicates appropriate binding of Glu with CT-DNA. The result shows Glu binds in groove modes of DNA. Further binding free energy (∆G) of the complex was also calculated and it is -4.76 kCal M-1. In our work a correlative intractability pattern for Glu with DNA has been identified
A simple proof of Born’s rule for statistical interpretation of quantum mechanics
Get PDFThe Born’s rule to interpret the square of wave function as the probability to get a specific value in measurement has been accepted as a postulate in foundations of quantum mechanics. Although there have been so many attempts at deriving this rule theoretically using different approaches such as frequency operator approach, many-world theory, Bayesian probability and envariance, literature shows that arguments in each of these methods are circular. In view of absence of a convincing theoretical proof, recently some researchers have carried out experiments to validate the rule up-to maximum possible accuracy using multi-order interference (Sinha et al, Science, 329, 418 [2010]). But, a convincing analytical proof of Born’s rule will make us understand the basic process responsible for exact square dependency of probability on wave function. In this paper, by generalizing the method of calculating probability in common experience into quantum mechanics, we prove the Born’s rule for statistical interpretation of wave function
Misalignment studies in laser diode to hemispherical microlens tipped circular core photonic crystal fiber excitation
Get PDFWe investigate theoretically the coupling optics involving a laser diode and a series of circular core photonic crystal fibers with different air filling ratio and hole-pitch via hemispherical microlens of allowable aperture on the tip of such fiber in absence and presence of possible transverse and angular misalignments. By employing Gaussian field distributions for both the source and the fiber and also the already derived ABCD matrix for hemispherical microlens, we formulate analytical expressions for the concerned coupling efficiencies for practically interesting two different light emitting wavelengths of 1.3 μm and 1.5 μm, respectively. Further, it is observed that, for a fit radius of curvature of 6.0 µm of hemispherical microlens, photonic crystal fiber with air filling ratio of 0.45 and hole-pitch of 4.5 µm comes out to be the most suitable one to couple laser diode emitting light of wavelength . Moreover, the coupling efficiency can reach to 86.88% with simultaneous optimization of radius of curvature and working distance of specific lensed fiber. Such analysis which as per our knowledge is the first theoretical investigation, will be extremely important in ongoing investigations for the design of optimum launch optics involving hemispherical microlens on the tip of photonic crystal fiber. Moreover, the results are extremely useful for assessing deeply the sensitivity of such coupler with reference to above kind of misalignments
Compact Microstrip Patch Antenna with Dual Frequency Tuning Characteristics using E-Shaped Defected Ground Plane Structure
Get PDFStudy of the effect of ‘‘E’’- shaped defected ground structure (DGS) on frequency tuning and size reductions of a square microstrip antenna in comparison with the conventional and slit added compact patches are presented. It has been shown, how the variation of the arms of the E-shaped slot embedded in the ground plane results in frequency shifting. By changing the length of the slot, the lower resonant frequency (f1) of the proposed antenna can be tuned from 3.94 GHz to 2.13GHz and higher resonant frequency can be tuned from 5.14GHz to 3.99 GHz. A significant size reduction of about 86% has been achieved compared to the conventional rectangular microstrip reference antenna
The contact angle for spherical droplet in rough and homogeneous cavity with arc generatrix
Get PDFThe contact angle for spherical droplet in rough and homogeneous cavity with arc generatix is studied. The solid-liquid-vapor system is separated into six portions. A generalized Wenzel equation for the contact angle considering the line tension effects is developed for the three-phase system. Under certain hypotheses, this generalized Wenzel equation is the same as the classical Wenzel equation
Generalized Cassie-Baxter equation for wetting of a spherical droplet within a smooth and heterogeneous conical cavity
Get PDFIntroducing the concepts of both Gibbs’s dividing surface and Rusanov’s dividing line, the wettability behaviors of spherical drops inside a smooth and heterogeneous conical cavity are studied. A new generalized Cassie-Baxter equation for contact angles including the influences of the line tension is derived thermodynamically. Additionally, various approximate formulae of this generalized Cassie-Baxter equation are also discussed correspondingly under some assumptions