Fine Chemical Technologies (E-Journal) / Тонкие химические технологии
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ИНТЕЛЛЕКТУАЛЬНАЯ СИСТЕМА УПРАВЛЕНИЯ ХИМИКО-ТЕХНОЛОГИЧЕСКИМИ ПРОЦЕССАМИ СТРУКТУРИРОВАНИЯ МНОГОКОМПОНЕНТНЫХ ЭЛАСТОМЕРНЫХ КОМПОЗИТОВ НА ОСНОВЕ ПРОДУКЦИОННОЙ МОДЕЛИ
Get PDFA systemic analysis of the life cycle of products from elastomeric materials was carried out. The main modules of a management system for managing the life cycle - development, production and distribution of products from elastomeric composites on the basis of the integrated information system are described. The main control points of the process control are indicated. A detailed description of complex chemical-technological processes of multicomponent elastomeric composites structuring from the positions of a system approach based on a complex of information and production models is proposed. The model of an automated control system for the chemicaltechnological processes of elastomeric composites structuring based on vibration-rheometric data is considered, which is an example of the use of a control system based on indirect indicators. It is shown that the disturbing effects leading to the deviation of the process indices from the given ones are of a prescription and technological nature. The architecture of the integrated information management system for complex chemical-technological processes of multicomponent elastomeric composites mixing and structuring based on the production rules system is proposed. A block diagram of the algorithm for processing the main rheometric information of elastomeric composites structuring is given
СИНТЕЗ АМИНОСОДЕРЖАЩИХ ПОЛИМЕРНЫХ МИКРОСФЕР ЗАТРАВОЧНОЙ СОПОЛИМЕРИЗАЦИЕЙ ДЛЯ ПРИМЕНЕНИЯ В БИОТЕХНОЛОГИИ
Get PDFThis paper presents the results of studies of seed copolymerization of glycidyl methacrylate with ethylene glycol poly(glycidyl methacrylate) on seed particles in order to obtain partially crosslinked polymer microspheres with a diameter of about 3.5 microns for use in immunochemical reactions, as carriers of bioligands. The physico-chemical properties of polymeric microspheres obtained under different conditions were studied by the following methods: the diameters of the particles - by electron scanning and light microscopy; the wetting angle - bу the method of "lying droplets"; the sedimentation velocity - by the macromethod in a capillary tube by the movement of the (polymer slurry)/water phase boundary (buffer solution); the zeta-potential - by dynamic light scattering. Having studied the physical-chemical properties of all polymer slurries we concluded that the optimal particles to create on the basis of their diagnostic test systems with high sensitivity working on the principle of latex agglutination reaction are poly(glycidyl methacrylate) particles with equal percentage of glycidyl methacrylate and ethylene glycol dimethacrylate aminated with hexamethylendiamine in the environment of n-propanol, because they have a sufficient number of amino groups and do not lose their sedimentation properties after all stages of the synthesis
ЛОГИКО-ИНФОРМАЦИОННАЯ МОДЕЛЬ ОЦЕНКИ ВЛИЯНИЯ ПРЕПАРАТОВ ТАРГЕТНОЙ ТЕРАПИИ НА БИОЛОГИЧЕСКУЮ АКТИВНОСТЬ РАКОВЫХ КЛЕТОК
Get PDFThe paper deals with laboratory preclinical studies of the impact of targeted anticancer drugs on the life of A-549 cell cultures of the cancer origin (lung carcinoma). Preclinical studies enable evaluating the effectiveness of targeted therapy drugs, possible contraindications and side effects in order to determine in future the scope of clinical trials and the possibility of performing them. It is proposed to develop information support of preclinical research. In this work the use of functional modeling technology for building a logic-information model in the category of IDEF0 is considered. For detailed elaboration of the model it is necessary to review step-by-step the whole research process. The necessity of creating the information support is connected to the tasks of structuring, storage and processing large amounts of experimental data.В работе рассматриваются лабораторные доклинические исследования воздействия таргетных противоопухолевых препаратов на жизнедеятельность культур клеток ракового происхождения А-549 (карцинома легкого). Доклинические исследования дают возможность оценить эффективность применения таргетных препаратов, возможные противопоказания и побочные эффекты, чтобы в дальнейшем определиться с объемом клинических испытаний и самой возможностью их проведения. Предлагается разработка информационной поддержки доклинических научных исследований. Рассмотрено применение технологии функционально-го моделирования для построения логико-информационных моделей в номинации IDEF0. Детализация модели состоит в поэтапном рассмотрении всего процесса исследования. Необходимость информационной поддержки исследований связана с задачами структуризации, хранения и обработки больших объемов экспериментальных данных
МЕХАНИЗМ ОБРАЗОВАНИЯ ПИРОУГЛЕРОДА В ПРОЦЕССЕ ПИРОЛИЗА УГЛЕВОДОРОДНОГО СЫРЬЯ
Get PDFExperimental results confirming the mechanism of pyrocarbon formation through the steps of high-molecular pyrolysis products forming in the gas phase are presented. Adsorption of high-molecular pyrolysis products on the active centers of the substrate localized at the boundaries of the contacts of its crystallites and their subsequent carbonization is confirmed. The decreasing in the length of the substrate crystallites contact boundaries leads to the increase in the content of high-molecular compounds in the gas and to the decrease in the hydrogen concentration is shown. The relation between the composition of the exhaust gas and the surface of the sealing material creates the prerequisites for controlling the pyro-consolidation process according the composition of the off-gas. The composition of high-molecular liquid pyrolysis products was identified. The difference in the composition of high-molecular pyrolysis products of the propane-butane fraction and the electric cracking gas was established. The influence of raw materials and pyrolysis conditions on the group composition of high-molecular pyrolysis products formed is shown.Представлены экспериментальные результаты, подтверждающие механизм образования пироуглерода через стадии возникновения в газовой фазе высокомолекулярных продуктов пиролиза, их адсорбции на активных центрах подложки, локализующихся на границах контактов ее кристаллитов, и последующей карбонизации. Показано, что сокращение протяженности границ контактов кристаллитов подложки приводит к увеличению содержания в газе высокомолекулярных соединений и снижению концентрации водорода. Взаимосвязь между составом отходящего газа и поверхностью уплотняемого материала создает предпосылки для управления процессом пироуплотнения по составу отходящего газа. Идентифицирован состав высокомолекулярных жидких продуктов пиролиза. Установлено различие в составах высокомолекулярных продуктов пиролиза пропан-бутановой фракции и газа электрокрекинга. Показано влияние сырья и условий пиролиза на групповой состав образующихся высокомолекулярных продуктов пиролиза
ИТТЕРБИЕВЫЕ КОМПЛЕКСЫ ПОРФИРИНОВ И ИХ ПРИМЕНЕНИЕ В МЕДИЦИНЕ
Get PDFMalignant tumors are the second most frequent cause of death after cardiovascular diseases. The photodynamic therapy based on the interaction of laser light with different photosensitizers was discovered in the 20th century as one of treatment methods. When using photosensitizers, the process of singlet oxygen and other active forms generation is observed in both malignant and healthy body tissues, which leads to a number of adverse reactions. More promising diagnostic compounds that do not have these disadvantages are ytterbium porphyrin complexes. These compounds slightly generate singlet oxygen under light irradiation, while maintaining a high level of tumorotropic agents as for therapeutic photosensitizers. This work continues a series of studies devoted to the analysis of physicochemical properties of Yb-complex 2,4-dimetoxyhematoporphyrin IX as a promising marker for fluorescent diagnostics of various tumors. Pharmaceutical compositions based on Yb3+-dimetoxyhematoporphyrin IX dipotassium salt were created. These compositions are capable of accumulating in the sites of inflammation and proliferation in diseases of mucosal membranes and cancer lesions. Toxicological and pharmacokinetic studies were carried out with the use of laboratory animals and volunteers. The analysis results showed that the pharmaceutical compositions are perspective for use in clinical practice
ПРЕОРГАНИЗАЦИЯ γ-ПНК: СИНТЕЗ МОДЕЛЬНОГО ДИМЕРА И ИССЛЕДОВАНИЕ ЕГО СТРУКТУРЫ МЕТОДАМИ ДВУМЕРНОЙ ЯМР-СПЕКТРОСКОПИИ
Get PDFThe synthesis of a dimer consisting of γ-thymine chiral monomer based on L-Ala and thymine aeg-PNA monomer (synthesized from deuterated glycine), in which the methylene protons of the pseudopeptide residue were exchanged with deuterium atoms, was described. The deuterated monomer was introduced into acylation reaction by means of a mixed anhydride procedure with γ-PNA chiral monomer trifluoroacetate based on L-Ala. The latter was obtained from the fully protected thymine monomer by the reaction with trifluoroacetic acid. The structure and purity of the target monomer were confirmed by NMR-spectroscopy, and the elemental composition was estimated by quantitative elemental analysis. The double quantum filtered COSY-NMR-spectroscopy (DQF-COSY) method was used to determine the methylene signals of the dimer chiral fragment. With the use of the spectrum analysis, the chemical shifts and calculated spin-spin coupling constants of the protons from the dimer chiral part were found. Given that Karplus equation associates the value of the dihedral angle between the vicinal protons with their spin-spin coupling constant, it was concluded that the chiral fragment is in the right-helix conformation for all the dimer rotamers
ИССЛЕДОВАНИЕ ТЕРМИЧЕСКОГО РАЗЛОЖЕНИЯ КОМПЛЕКСНЫХ СОЕДИНЕНИЙ ХЛОРИДОВ НИКЕЛЯ И КОБАЛЬТА С УРОТРОПИНОМ
Get PDFComplex compounds NiCl2·2HMTA·10H2O (1), CoCl2·2HMTA·10H2O (2), CoCl2·HMTA·4.5H2O (3) were prepared by the reaction of nickel(II) and cobalt(II) chlorides with urotropine (HMTA). Compounds 1 and 2 are isostructural, their structure corresponds to the earlier studied crystal structure [Ni(H2O)6]Cl2·4H2O·2HMTA. Thermal destruction of the complex compounds 1-3 was studied by TGA and high-temperature IR-spectroscopy. The TGA curve for compound 1 shows stepwise mass loss caused by two-stage loss of all water molecules (up to 170°C) and one urotropine molecule (up to 270°C) followed by decomposition of NiCl2·HMTA. The X-ray diffraction pattern of the resulting solid shows no reflections typical for the metal and its simplest nitrogen-, carbon- and chlorine-containing compounds. Thermal decomposition of сompounds 2 and 3 proceed similarly, but water is removed in one stage. IR spectra, which were recorded at high temperature (up to 220-230°C) show gradual decrease of intensity of the bands assigned to vibrations of water molecules. The bands of the methylene groups of urotropine do not change on heating. However, the bands of the C-N vibrations shift from ~1050 and ~1008 cm-1 in the spectra of urotropine and [M(H2O)6]Cl2·4H2O·2HMTA. Thermal destruction of the complex compounds 1-3 was studied by TGA and high-temperature IR-spectroscopy. The TGA curve for compound 1 shows stepwise mass loss caused by two-stage loss of all water molecules (up to 170°C) and one urotropine molecule (up to 270°C) followed by decomposition of NiCl2·HMTA. The X-ray diffraction pattern of the resulting solid shows no reflections typical for the metal and its simplest nitrogen-, carbon- and chlorine-containing compounds. Thermal decomposition of сompounds 2 and 3 proceed similarly, but water is removed in one stage. IR spectra, which were recorded at high temperature (up to 220-230°C) show gradual decrease of intensity of the bands assigned to vibrations of water molecules. The bands of the methylene groups of urotropine do not change on heating. However, the bands of the C-N vibrations shift from ~1050 and ~1008 cm-1 in the spectra of urotropine and [M(H2O)6(HMTA)2Cl2·4H2O to 1015-1019 and 984-995 cm-1, respectively, indicating coordination of urotropine molecules instead of the removed water molecules. The long-wave IR spectra for NiCl2·6H2O and compound 1 at ambient temperature show bands of Ni-O stretching vibrations and O-Ni-O bending vibrations. After heating 1 at 115° C, bands of Ni-N and Ni-Cl appear, which indicates the coordination of urotropine molecules and chloride ions after the removal of outer-sphere and inner-sphere water molecules
ВЛИЯНИЕ СПОСОБА ВЫДЕЛЕНИЯ КАУЧУКА ИЗ ЛАТЕКСА НА СВОЙСТВА ЭЛАСТОМЕРНЫХ МАТЕРИАЛОВ НА ОСНОВЕ БУТАДИЕН-НИТРИЛЬНЫХ КАУЧУКОВ
Get PDFThe properties of butadiene-nitrile rubbers obtained by various methods of synthesis and isolation from latex and rubbers based on them were studied in the article. The surface free energy of samples was determined using the Owens, Wendt, Rabel and Kaelble method. It was shown that the surface energy of elastomeric materials is affected 1) by non-rubber components, the content and nature of which are determined by the method of obtaining and isolating rubber from latex and 2) by the number of nitrile groups in the rubber macromolecule. The kinetics of vulcanization of rubber compounds based on the investigated rubbers has been studied. It was shown that rubber compounds based on rubbers containing a residual emulsifier are vulcanized longer. Elastic-strength properties were studied, and it was concluded that rubbers based on butadienenitrile rubbers synthesized by various methods with the same content of bound nitrilacrylic acid have different physico-mechanical properties and cannot be used interchangeably without changing the formulation and technological parameters of their processing.В работе изучались свойства бутадиен-нитрильных каучуков, полученных различными способами синтеза и выделения из латекса, и резин на их основе. С помощью метода Оуэнса-Вендта-Рабеля-Каелбле была определена свободная поверхностная энергия образцов. Было показано, что на поверхностную энергию эластомерных материалов оказывают влияние некаучуковые компоненты, содержание и природа которых определяется способом получения и выделения каучука из латекса, а также число нитрильных групп в макромолекуле каучука. Была изучена кинетика вулканизации резиновых смесей на основе исследуемых каучуков. Показано, что резиновые смеси на основе каучуков, содержащих остаточный эмульгатор, вулканизуются дольше. Изучены упруго-прочностные свойства и сделан вывод о том, что резины на основе бутадиен-нитрильных каучуков, синтезированных различными способами при одинаковом содержании связанной нитрилакриловой кислоты, обладают разными физико-механическими свойствами и не могут быть взаимозаменяемыми без изменения рецептуры и технологических параметров их переработки
ПОЛУЧЕНИЕ РАЗНОЦВЕТНЫХ ИНКАПСУЛИРОВАННЫХ ФОРМ АНТОЦИАНОВ КРАСНОКОЧАННОЙ КАПУСТЫ МЕТОДОМ ЛИОФИЛЬНОЙ СУШКИ
Get PDFThe method of reversed-phase HPLC with diode-array and mass-spectrometric detection was explored to determine the qualitative composition of red cabbage anthocyanins. Mono- and diacylated derivatives of cyanidin-3,5-diglycosides with a complex structure of the substituent in position were found, as well as non-esterified compounds. The acylation acids were paracoumaric, ferulic and sinapic. Quantitative analysis was performed according to a simplified spectrophotometric method: absorbance measurement at pH 4.5 was excluded. The measurement showed that the level of anthocyanins accumulation is as high as 0.100 g of anthocyanins per 100 g of raw plant material (as cyanidin-3-glucoside chloride equivalent). Analysis of electronic spectra of the extract at different pH revealed the existence of some basic structures with absorbance maxima shifted bathochromically as compared to the spectrum of flavylium structure. The existence of one basic form at pH 4.5 forced us to exclude absorbance measurement at pH 4.5 during quantitative anthocyanin determination. Thus, the possibility of obtaining some differently colored encapsulated forms was proved. Because of relative instability of non-flavylium forms of anthocyanins the freeze drying technique was used to prepare six differently colored forms of 3% anthocyanins encapsulated in maltodextrin. The decrease of anthocyanins contents at drying did not exceed 30%, while no statistically proved loss of anthocyanins was found at storage in a refrigerator during more than six months.В работе методом обращенно-фазовой ВЭЖХ с диодно-матричным и масс-спектрометрическим детектированием определен качественный состав антоцианов краснокочанной капусты: он включает моно- и диацилированные производные 3,5-диглюкозидов цианидина со сложным строением заместителя в положении 3. Количественный анализ упрощенным (в работе объяснена причина отказа от дифференциального метода) спектрофотометрическим методом показал, что уровень накопления антоцианов составляет порядка 0.100 г антоцианов на 100 г растительного материала (в пересчете на цианидин-3-глюкозида хлорид). На основе анализа электронных спектров экстракта при различных рН установлено образование четырех разноокрашенных структур антоцианов. Описаны процедуры экстракции, частичной очистки и получения разноцветных окрашенных форм методом лиофильной сушки. Получены 6 образцов инкапсулированных в мальтодекстрин форм различной окраски с высокой устойчивостью при хранении в морозильной камере