Fine Chemical Technologies (E-Journal) / Тонкие химические технологии
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РЕОЛОГИЧЕСКИЕ СВОЙСТВА И ТЕРМОСТАБИЛЬНОСТЬ ЛИТЬЕВЫХ КОМПОЗИЦИЙ НА ОСНОВЕ ПОЛИФЕНИЛЕНСУЛЬФИДОВ
Get PDFThe rheological properties of polysulfide (PPS) melts and composite materials based on them were investigated in a wide range of temperatures and concentrations of fillers of different nature. It was established that the introduction of rheological additives into dispersed and hybrid-filled composite materials allows significantly reducing the viscosity and improving the processability of the compositions. Introduction of heat-stabilizing additives into PPS allows expanding the temperature interval of processing the composite materials based on PFC from 320 to 340°С. Complete thermal stability curves for the PPS compositions in a wide temperature range were obtained.Исследованы реологические свойства расплавов полифениленсульфидов (ПФС) и композиционных материалов на их основе в широком интервале температур и концентраций наполнителей разной природы. Установлено, что введение реологических добавок в дисперсно- и гибридно-наполненные полимерные композиционные материалы позволяет существенно уменьшить вязкость и улучшить перерабатываемость композиций. Введение термостабилизирующих добавок позволяет повысить температуру переработки композиционных материалов на основе ПФС с 320 до 340°С. Получены полные кривые термостабильности для ПФС-композиций в широком диапазоне температур
ПРИНЦИПЫ ПОСТРОЕНИЯ КОРПОРАТИВНОЙ ИНФОРМАЦИОННОЙ СИСТЕМЫ УПРАВЛЕНИЯ ЛОГИСТИЧЕСКИМИ ПРОЦЕССАМИ НА ПРЕДПРИЯТИЯХ НЕФТЕХИМИЧЕСКОГО ПРОФИЛЯ
Get PDFThe article describes the main aspects concerning the development of the corporate information system for logistics management of petrochemical enterprises. The functional and conceptual models of petrochemical products supply management have been composed. The authors suggest using modular design of an information system based on ERP Galaktika. Advantages of applying the client/server architecture and object-relational data model to corporate information systems are outlined. The authors recommend using ABC/XYZ analysis as the method of classifying inventory by sales and products levels to determine the optimal inventory control strategy.В статье рассмотрены основные аспекты проектирования корпоративной информационной системы управления логистическими процессами нефтехимического предприятия. Составлены функциональная и концептуальная модели управления поставками нефтехимической продукции. Авторы предлагают использовать модульный принцип построения информационной системы на основе ERP «Галактика». Описаны преимущества использования архитектуры «клиент-сервер» и объектно-реляционной модели данных в корпоративных информационных системах. Для выбора оптимальной стратегии управления запасами предприятия авторы рекомендуют использовать совместный ABC/XYZ-анализ по номенклатуре и объему продаж выпускаемой предприятием продукции
СИНТЕЗ И ИССЛЕДОВАНИЕ ДИСУЛЬФИДА РЕНИЯ(IV)
Get PDFSynthesis and study of complex chalcogenides in the low oxidation state opens unexpected new opportunities of studying some fundamental problems of condensed matter physics. Dichalcogenides of transition metals, i.e., compounds with the general formula MX2, where M is molybdenum, tungsten, rhenium etc., and X is sulphur, selenium or tellurium, are especially interesting. These dichalcogenides find applications in optoelectronic devices, radiophotonics, in laser physics, communication technology, etc. This study contains a survey of literature concerning the synthesis of sulphides of transition elements from different groups of the Periodic table in low oxidation states. A method of direct hightemperature synthesis of ReS2 from source components has been proposed and implemented. The synthesized compound was identified by the X-ray fluorescence, method of photoelectron spectroscopy and IR absorption spectroscopy. We show that rhenium(IV) disulphide crystallizes in CdI2 structural type. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy shows that rhenium in the oxidation state of four is present. IR spectrum shows that rhenium(IV) disulphide structure in contrast to molybdenum(IV) disulphide is characterized by a greater deformation of the layers forming the crystal structure
ЭТЕРИФИКАЦИЯ ЛИМОННОЙ КИСЛОТЫ АЛИФАТИЧЕСКИМИ СПИРТАМИ С2-С5
Get PDFThere is an ever increasing interest in the production and use of bio-based chemical substances for the preparation of polymeric materials designed to obtain children's toys, medical equipment and materials that are in contact with food. Trifunctional esters of citric acid - trialkyl citrates - obtained by esterification of citric acid with aliphatic alcohols C2-C5 are of hazard class 4, good plasticizing ability, compatibility with the polymer, a high flash temperature. Citric acid (global production of 0.85-1 mtpa) is a readily available raw material obtained from the waste of sugar production. The purpose of the study is to develop a model of citric acid esterification with linear alcohols C2-C5 in the presence of homogeneous acidic catalysts for the creation of a domestic technology for the synthesis of plasticizing compositions based on renewable raw materials. The selected catalyst is sulfuric acid. The correlation of reactivity of the aliphatic alcohols C2-C5 with their structure in the esterification of citric acid was studied. Some kinetic parameters (lnk0, Ea) were estimated. Synthesis modes were proposed. The reaction time of the preparation of trialkyl citrates at 96% conversion of citric acid (t = 90 °C) was calculated. Laboratory samples were obtained and tested. Some operational characteristics were determined
РАЗРАБОТКА МЕТОДА СИНТЕЗА ПЛАЗМОННЫХ НАНОЧАСТИЦ ЗОЛОТА ДЛЯ ШИРОКОЙ ОБЛАСТИ СПЕКТРА 520-720 нм
Get PDFA method of the synthesis of plasmon gold nanoparticles by the reduction of HAuCl4 with organic reductants, such as formalin, sodium citrate and hydroquinone has been studied. It is shown that, depending on the concentration of the reagents, the temperature of synthesis and the type of the reducing agent, the position of the maximum of the plasmon band varies in a wide range from 520 nm to 720 nm. A one-stage method using hydroquinone as a reducing agent for the synthesis of long-wave plasmonic gold nanoparticles that form agglomerates of smaller particles with a plasmon absorption band in the red region of the spectrum is proposed. Since the resulting sol is rapidly precipitated due to the aggregation processes, it has been found necessary to use stabilizers for its subsequent application. The influence of some stabilizers (gelatin, as well as surface-active substances polydimethyldiallylammonium chloride and cetyltrimethylammonium bromid) on the stability of the gold sol synthesized by the hydroquinone method has been studied. It is shown that all the types of investigated stabilizers even in a minimal quantity provide the colloidal stability of the sol for several hours. However, only a natural polymer, gelatin, stabilizes the sol so that the maximum absorption of the plasmon band remains in the long-wavelength region of the spectrum.Изучен синтез наночастиц золота в реакции восстановления золотохлористоводородной кислоты органическими восстановителями - формалином, цитратом натрия, гидрохиноном. Показано, что в зависимости от концентрации реагентов, температуры и типа восстановителя наблюдается изменение положения максимума плазмонной полосы в широком интервале от 520 до 720 нм. Разработан одностадийный метод синтеза длинноволновых плазмонных наночастиц золота (восстановитель - гидрохинон) с полосой поглощения в красной области спектра. Их коллоидная стабильность обеспечивается природным полимером - желатином, а также поверхностно-активными веществами: полидиметилдиаллиламмонийхлоридом и цетилтриметиламмонийбромидом
СМЕСИ НЕИОННЫХ ПАВ ДЛЯ ПОЛУЧЕНИЯ ЧИСТЯЩИХ КОМПОЗИЦИЙ
Get PDFThe surface behavior and micelle formation of binary and ternary compositions of nonionic surfactants are studied in relation to their cleaning ability with respect to cotton fabric. In mixtures of an alkyl glucoside and oxyethylated alcohol, antagonistic interaction of the components is observed. When a tertiary amine oxide (Oksipav) having a semipolar N→O bond in the molecule is introduced, the formation of mixed micelles occurs. In solutions of mixtures of nonionic surfactants, the critical concentration of micelle formation is reduced, surface activity is increased, the values of maximum adsorption in the surface layers become higher, and the area occupied by the surfactant molecules in a saturated adsorption layer (smol) is reduced as compared to the individual surfactants. Low values of interfacial tension (from 1.2 to 0.88 mJ/m2) in the surfactant solution - toluene system increase the degree of surface cleaning from oil pollution. When cleaning solutions contain mixtures of three nonionic surfactants with different functional groups, synergysm of the wetting, stabilizing, foaming and emulsifying abilities of liquid detergents is provided. Compositions developed on the basis of colloid-chemical criteria are characterized by high removal efficiency with respect to pigment-oil stains from the fabric at pH in the range from 8.8 to 10.5
СИНТЕЗ И СВОЙСТВА НЕОГЛИКОЛИПИДОВ НА ОСНОВЕ 2-АМИНО-2-ГИДРОКСИМЕТИЛПРОПАН-1,3-ДИОЛА
Get PDFThe use of TRIS derivatives as the kernels of branching fragments is a modern method of preparing carbohydrate-containing dendrimer-like amphiphiles. A scheme of the synthesis of derivatives of trivalent neoglycolipids with terminal residues of D-mannose and a branching component based on 2-amino-2-hydroxymethylpropene-1,3-diol (TRIS) differing in the degree of saturation of the hydrocarbon chains is developed. The preparation of the hydrophilic part of the target molecules was carried out with the use of the reaction of 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition followed by conjugation with the hydrophobic component according to the carbodiimide method with the addition of HOBt as a catalyst. Approaches to the formation of target designs - liposomes based on phosphatidylcholine and synthesized neoglycolipids - and their physical and chemical properties, such as the size of particles and stability are investigated. The activity of the obtained compounds in the composition of liposomes loaded with the antibiotic meropenem with respect to Escherichia coli strain is carried out. An opportunity of changing the profile of the action of a liposome sample containing neoglycolipids by choosing various methods of its preparation that is promising for further research in this direction is revealed
СИНТЕЗ, ПРЕПАРАТИВНОЕ РАЗДЕЛЕНИЕ СТРУКТУРНЫХ ИЗОМЕРОВ И СВОЙСТВА 2-(2-(ДИАЛКИЛАМИНО)ЭТИЛАМИНО)ЭТАНОЛОВ АРИЛАЛИФАТИЧЕСКОГО РЯДА
Get PDFA method for the synthesis of 2-(2-(dialkylamino)ethylamino)ethanols based on the epoxide ring opening in styrene oxide by N,N-disubstituted ethylenediamines was developed. It is shown that the opening of the oxirane ring by diamines in 2-propanol at room temperature occurs mainly according to the Krasusky rule at the bond between the oxygen atom and the less substituted carbon atom. A mixture of two products with the predominance of the secondary diamino alcohol up to 82% was obtained. It was found that the separation of the products by distillation or recrystallization does not allow obtaining pure isomers. The mixture of isomers was converted into dihydrochlorides by dry HCl in dioxane and diethyl ether. Pure 2-(2-(dialkylamino)ethylamino)-1-phenylethanols and 2-(2-(dialkylamino)ethylamino)-2-phenylethanols were separated by the first fractional recrystallization of a mixture of diaminoalcohol dihydrochlorides from a mixed solvent followed by alkalization of the products with an aqueous sodium hydroxide solution. The diamino alcohols were characterized by FT-IR, 1H- and 13C-NMR and HRMS-ESI
ИСПОЛЬЗОВАНИЕ СТАТИСТИЧЕСКИХ КРИТЕРИЕВ ДЛЯ ОЦЕНКИ КАЧЕСТВА ДАННЫХ (НА ПРИМЕРЕ ДАННЫХ ПО СВОЙСТВАМ НЕОРГАНИЧЕСКИХ ВЕЩЕСТВ)
Get PDFThree statistical criteria were compared on the basis of the sampling of chemical data in the article. When the criteria were compared, the level of significance was taken as equal to 0.05, because this value is most often used in the technical calculations. Evaluation of data on the one-sided outliers of variational series was carried out by using statistical criteria. With the help of Grubbs criterion for checking variation series, outliers were found neither on the right nor on the left. Further examination of the data with the use of three-sigma rule also showed no outliers. The latest statistical criterion used to detect errors was Chauvenet's criterion. When checking the data with this criterion, one error on the right was detected. No outliers were found on the left. According to the generalized results, namely, the vote on the three most statistical criteria, it can be concluded that the variational series belongs to the same general totality. Criteria presented in the article can be applied for the analysis of any data and for making conclusions based on them, if errors were found in the sampling.В статье было проведено сравнение трех статистических критериев на основе выборки химических данных. При сравнении критериев приняли уровень значимости равным 0.05, поскольку это значение чаще всего используется в технических измерениях. C помощью статистических критериев была проведена оценка одностороннего выброса вариационного ряда. С помощью критерия Граббса при проверке вариационного ряда не было выявлено выбросов ни справа, ни слева. Дальнейшее рассмотрение данных с использование правила трех сигм так-же не выявило выбросов. Последним статистическим критерием, который использовался для выявления ошибок, был критерий Шовене. При проверке данных с его помощью была выявлена одна ошибка справа, выбросов слева обнаружено не было. По обобщенным результатам, а именно голосованием по большинству, трех статистических критериев можно сделать вывод, что вариационный ряд принадлежит одной генеральной совокупности. Представленные в статье критерии можно применять для анализа любых данных и на их основе делать соответствующие выводы, если в выборке были обнаружены ошибки