Periodica Polytechnica (Budapest University of Technology and Economics)
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How can adult learning support digitalisation?
No full textDigitalisation, the widespread use and diffusion of digital technologies, has revolutionised the workplace and society in recent years. The spread of digitalisation has had a significant impact on the labour market and the business environment, creating new challenges for employers and employees alike. Adult learning plays a key role in helping workers to adapt and succeed in the new digital environment. Corporate digitalisation, i.e. the widespread use and integration of digital technologies into business processes, is now a key factor for competitiveness and sustainable development. Digitalisation creates new opportunities for companies to increase efficiency, foster innovation and improve customer experience. In this paper, we review how adult learning contributes to digitalisation, to corporate digitalisation and how it helps employees to cope with new challenges and acquire new digital skills. We will summarise the steps companies can take to effectively exploit the opportunities offered by digital technologies.A digitalizáció, vagyis a digitális technológiák széles körű alkalmazása és elterjedése az elmúlt években forradalmi változásokat hozott a munkahelyeken és a társadalmi életben egyaránt. A digitalizáció terjedése jelentős hatással van a munkaerőpiacra és az üzleti környezetre, és új kihívásokat teremt mind a munkáltatók, mind a munkavállalók számára. A felnőttképzés kulcsszerepet játszik abban, hogy segítse a munkavállalókat az új digitális környezetben való alkalmazkodásban és sikeres működésben. A vállalati digitalizáció, vagyis a digitális technológiák széles körű alkalmazása és integrációja a vállalati folyamatokba, ma már alapvető fontosságú tényező a versenyképesség és a fenntartható fejlődés szempontjából. A digitalizáció új lehetőségeket teremt a vállalatok számára a hatékonyság növelésére, az innováció elősegítésére és az ügyfélélmény javítására. Ebben a tanulmányban áttekintjük, hogy hogyan járul hozzá a felnőttképzés a digitalizációhoz, a vállalati digitalizációhoz és milyen módon segíti a munkavállalókat az új kihívások kezelésében és az új digitális készségek megszerzésében. Összefoglaljuk, hogy a vállalkozások milyen lépéseket tehetnek a vállalatok azáltal, hogy hatékonyan kihasználják a digitális technológiák által nyújtott lehetőségeket
Recenzió. A munka fontossága a bizonytalanság korában: A bérmunka világával kapcsolatos tapasztalatok csökkenése az Amerikai Egyesült Államokban
No full textDavid L. Blustein, career counsellor, psychologist and therapist, has published a 2019 volume summarising the impact of the modern workplace on the individual. Drawing on interviews with dozens of job seekers, he explores individual relations to the changing world of wage work, revealing the complex significance of the role of wage work in an age of insecurity. The strength of the book is that it speaks about the importance of work based on the real needs of the everyday job seeker, stripping away the myths of self-fulfilment and 'talent hunting' and emphasising the real psychological needs of job seekers and workers.
David L. Blustein tanácsadó, pszichológus-terapeuta 2019-ben megjelent összegző kötete a modern munka világának egyénre gyakorolt hatásaival foglalkozik. Sok tucat álláskeresővel készült interjú feldolgozása alapján a bérmunka világának átalakulásának egyéni relációit kutatja, feltárva a bérmunka szerepének összetett jelentőségét a bizonytalanság korában. A kötet erőssége, hogy a mindennapi álláskereső valós igényei alapján beszél a munka fontosságáról, lehántva az önmegvalósítás, a „tehetségvadászat” mítoszait és a valós álláskeresői pszichológiai igényeket hangsúlyozz
A migráció szerepe a demográfiai kihívások kezelésében
No full textDemographic estimates project a shrinking population in the European Union after 2030. This trend is already evident in some countries, including our own. The shrinking population, together with the increase in life expectancy, will lead to a reduction in the number of people of active age and an ageing society. This places a significant burden on health and social systems and threatens the sustainability of pension systems. At the same time, there is a trend towards a slow but steady increase in emigration on the whole world. Migration is partly climatic and partly geopolitical, both between and within regions. A significant part of it is directed from less developed to more developed areas. A general finding of migration research is that rapid labour market integration is one of the foundations for the social integration of migrants. It is likely that in developed countries migration is not only a problem but also a solution to existing or emerging demographic phenomena.
It could pop up that – in parallel with the volume of immigration increases – the nationality distribution of arriving immigrants in developed countries will become more diverse, which could, in principle, facilitate socio-economic integration. Therefore, after outlining the main trends in European migration, the paper attempts to provide a comprehensive picture of migration trends relying on a hypothesis test based on a secondary analysis of the UN migration database.
Keywords:
migration, inclusive society, labour shortages, labour market integrationA demográfiai becslések az Európai Unióban 2030 utánra fogyó népességet prognosztizálnak. Ez a tendencia egyes országokban, így hazánkban is, már most kimutatható. A fogyó népesség, a várható élettartam növekedésével együtt az aktív korúak számának csökkenéséhez, a társadalom elöregedéséhez vezet. Ez jelentős terheket ró az egészségügyi és szociális rendszerekre, veszélyezteti a nyugdíjrendszerek fenntarthatóságát. A világban jelenlévő tendencia ugyanakkor a vándorlás lassú de egyenletes növekedése. A vándorlás részben klíma, részben geopolitikai hátterű mind a régiók között, mind a régiókon belül. Jelentős részben a kevésbé fejlett területek felől a fejlettebb területek felé irányul. A migrációval foglalkozó kutatások általános tapasztalata, hogy a bevándorlók társadalmi beilleszkedésének egyik alapja a gyors munkaerőpiaci integráció. Valószínű, hogy a migráció a fejlett országokban nem csak a probléma, hanem a megoldás is a jelenlévő, vagy kialakulóban lévő demográfiai jelenségekre.
Felvetődhet, hogy – a bevándorlás mértékének növekedésével párhuzamosan – a fejlett országokban az érkező bevándorlók nemzetiségi megoszlása egyre sokszínűbbé válik, ami elvileg elősegítheti a társadalmi-gazdasági integrációt. Ezért a tanulmány, az európai migráció legfontosabb tendenciának felvázolása után az ENSZ migrációs adatbázisának másodelemzésén alapuló hipotézisvizsgálatra támaszkodva próbál átfogó képet nyújtani a migrációs tendenciákról.
Kulcsszavak
migráció, befogadó társadalom, munkaerőhiány, munkaerőpiaci integráció
 
Effect of Processing Parameters and Wall Thickness on the Strength of Injection Molded Products
Get PDFPolymer materials are getting more and more attention in key industries like the automotive, aerospace, and electrical industries. A long lifetime with sustainable recycling is expected; great results are possible thanks to modern material engineering. Finding a suitable material for the purpose and the appropriate methods to test the required functionality is essential. An important mechanical loading tests is the tensile test. Although the ISO 527-1:2019 standard uses different tensile specimen geometries, none of those consider the possible thickness variations of the injection molded parts. If thickness is reduced to 1 mm, the solid layer will be dominant, which makes the properties of the tensile specimen process-dependent instead of material-dependent. In today's industry, it is crucial to examine both the material and the details of the processing technology together, given the downsizing effect
Zinc Chloride as a Catalyst in Hydrothermal Carbonization of Cocoa Pods Husk: Understanding the Effect of Different Carbonization Temperature and ZnCl2 Concentration
Get PDFIn this study, we have successfully synthesized a high surface area of activated carbons (ACs) from cocoa pod husk (CPH) by using a combination of hydrothermal carbonization (HTC) and chemical activation in the presence of ZnCl2 as both of catalyst as well as activating agent. During HTC, the effect of HTC temperature (200 and 225 °C) and ZnCl2 to biomass mass ratio (1:1, 2:1, 3:1) as a catalyst to the characteristics of the obtained hydrochar (HC) and ACs were investigated. The obtained hydrochar (HCs) was then processed by using ZnCl2 chemical activation with a fixed HC to ZnCl2 mass ratio of 1:4 and the mixture was pyrolyzed at 600 °C for 1 h under an inert atmosphere. The results showed that the addition of catalyst during HTC presented different AC morphology, where the carbon samples were decorated with carbon microspheres. An increase of surface area was observed, where the ACs synthesized from catalyzed HC at biomass to ZnCl2 ratio of 1:3 at temperature 200 °C gave a higher surface area of 1954 m2/g compared to that of without catalyst (1165 m2/g). The catalysis effect was more profound at the HTC temperature of 200 °C compared to 225 °C, as reflected in the significant increase of AC surface area. The addition of a catalyst creates ACs with narrow pore distribution compared to that of synthesized in the absence of a catalyst. It was also observed that the ACs from catalyzed hydrochar possessed higher oxygenated functional groups (OFG) than those without catalysts
Xanthan Production Using Wastewaters from Rose Wine Industry: Screening of Xanthomonas euvesicatoria Isolates
Get PDFWastewaters, as the major waste stream of the wine industry, are usually disposed in crude form due to the lack of sustainable treatments, which poses rising environmental threat. Considering biodegradability, nutrients content and other specific characteristics, winery wastewaters are suitable for utilization in xanthan production. In this study, the screening of local wild-type Xanthomonas euvesicatoria strains, isolated from pepper leaves, for xanthan production on medium containing wastewaters from rose wine industry, with initial sugar content of 25 g/L, was performed. Bioprocess success was estimated based on the quantity and quality of separated biopolymer. Additionally, composition of collected wastewaters was determined, and the obtained data indicate the importance of their proper management. The results of screening experiments suggest that applied X. euvesicatoria isolates have a statistically significant effect on xanthan concentration in cultivation medium, its molecular weight, as well as on apparent viscosity of xanthan aqueous solution. According to the obtained results, xanthan concentration varied from 4.0 g/L to 10.0 g/L, while the values of average molecular weight of xanthan and apparent viscosity of its solution ranged from 2.5 ∙ 105 g/mol to 8.5 ∙ 105 g/mol and from 40 mPa ∙ s to 60 mPa ∙ s, respectively. The results from this study suggest that X. euvesicatoria PL2 isolate showed the greatest potential for xanthan production on medium containing wastewaters from rose wine industry because of determined quantity of good-quality biopolymer. Further research is necessary in order to improve proposed bioprocess as sustainable biotechnological solution for winery wastewaters utilization
Metal Oxide-based Nanoparticles for Environmental Remediation: Drawbacks and Opportunities
Get PDFThe use of structured metal oxide-based nanoparticles for environmental proposals arises from the adverse impact of human industrial activities that threaten the fragile balance of the environment. These nanomaterials characterized by their chemical and mechanical stability, modifiable bandgap, remarkable textural features, and notable optoelectronic properties have an important role in removing pollutants from the environment. Metal oxide-based nanoparticles have demonstrated remarkable capabilities by removing pollutants such as herbicides, microplastics, dyes, pesticides, antibiotics, microbial organisms, and heavy metals. Additionally, these materials can be incorporated into sensing devices for real-time monitoring and identification of pollutants in air, water, and soil, facilitating environmental risk assessment and pollution control. Nevertheless, the successful implementation of semiconductor nanoparticles faces drawbacks and challenges, including scalability, cost-effectiveness, and potential environmental impacts, necessitating thorough consideration. Ongoing research and development efforts are crucial to further explore the potential of semiconductor nanoparticles for practical solutions. The anticipated growth in the use of these nanomaterials in various commercial applications foresees a more sustainable and environmentally friendly future. Thus, this document aims to present how nanoparticles with diverse forms and adjustable physicochemical properties are a tool to conserve the ecological balance
Experimental Investigation and Specific Heat Capacity Prediction of Graphene Nanoplatelet-Infused SAE10W Oil Using Artificial Neural Networks
Get PDFThis research aims to develop an artificial neural network (ANN) model to predict the specific heat capacity (SHC) of graphene/SAE10W oil nanofluid. An experimental investigation of the SHC of graphene nanoplatelets infused in SAE10W oil was carried out using a thermal constant analyzer. In experimental testing the volume percentage and fluid temperature range vary from 0.05 to 0.15 and 293 K to 353 K, respectively. The experimental data shows the graphene/SAE10W oil nanofluid exhibited a reduction in SHC relative to the base fluid. The ANN model was developed using experimental data to predict the specific heat capacity of graphene/SAE10W oil nanofluid. During ANN model training, the correlation coefficient and mean square error of 0.999 and 6.592 × 10 –6 were achieved, respectively. Compared to experimental values, the ANN model predicts SHC with a 0.45 error percentage. Additionally, a mathematical model has been developed to predict the SHC of graphene/SAE10W oil nanofluids using curve fitting. The data obtained from the developed mathematical model showed excellent correlation with all experimental values, with an error percentage of ±0.42. Hence, it is concluded that both models provide an optimal approach for estimating their SHC