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Effects of Physical and Auditory Interventions on Pain in Premature Infants
No full textAbstract
Problem: Premature infants in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU) undergo multiple painful procedures daily. These procedures cause infants to experience increased stress and pain. Prolonged exposure to pain and increased stress levels can affect premature infants’ behavioral and neurologic development. Proper pain management is crucial in promoting the growth and health of these infants. Non-pharmacologic interventions have been found to be a safe and effective method of pain management.
Purpose: The purpose of this research is to evaluate and compare the effectiveness of physical and auditory non-pharmacologic interventions on premature infants’ pain levels during painful procedures.
Methods: This is a quasi-experimental study that will measure infant pain levels before, during, and after a heel stick using the Premature Infant Pain Profile-Revised (PIPP-R), which evaluates facial expression, body movement, and crying intensity. Infants will be split into three different intervention groups: a swaddling group, a white noise group, and a combination group where infants are both swaddled and exposed to white noise. PIPP-R scores will be compared between the three groups to determine effectiveness of the interventions.
Conclusion: The results of this study will contribute to clinical understanding of pain perception and pain management of premature infants in the NICU setting. It is expected that the swaddling intervention and the combination intervention will have a greater influence on pain compared to the white noise group. This research can offer potential strategies to implement best practice to combat pain in premature infants that must endure routine painful procedures
Surveying Biodiversity in Restored Prairie
No full textGrasslands are vital for biodiversity and ecosystem services such as erosion control, carbon sequestration, rainfall infiltration, and wildlife and pollinator habitat. However, grasslands have been severely compromised by the impacts of agriculture, climate change, urbanization, invasive plants, and altered disturbance regimes (McFarlane et al., 2023 and Gannon et al., 2024). The restoration of grassland ecosystems is crucial to the mitigation of global biodiversity loss and maintenance of essential ecosystem functions (McFarlane et al., 2023). With this study, we intend to evaluate the progression of floral and pollinating insect richness and diversity in restored prairie habitats over time by monitoring three restored prairie plots of varying ages located at the ONU Metzger Nature Center. The primary objectives are to assess whether the richness and diversity of native plants and invertebrates increase as restored prairie areas develop. Additionally, this study will explore the role of floral diversity in supporting populations of pollinating insects. The results of this research will allow us to further understand how prairie restoration efforts can improve biodiversity of native plants and invertebrates
A cryptic concern for snakes of Killdeer Plains Wildlife Area: Cryptosporidium serpentis
No full textA cryptic concern for snakes of Killdeer Plains Wildlife Area: Cryptosporidium serpentis
Grant Beck1, Autumn Cruz1, Claire Jaspers1, Amy Aulthouse1, Dennis De Luca1, Kristy Becka2, Pam Dennis2, Eileen Wyza3, Kat Krynak1
1 Ohio Northern University
2 Cleveland Metroparks Zoo and The Ohio State University
3 Ohio Department of Natural Resources
Cryptosporidium serpentis is specific to and pathogenic in herpetofauna hosts. Knowledge of this pathogen in wild populations is limited, but studies from captive snakes indicate the parasite causes severe gastroenteritis and ultimately death. C. serpentis was discovered in quarantined captive breeding colonies of Ohio endangered Plains Gartersnakes and it was hypothesized that the pathogen entered these colonies via breeding stock from Killdeer Plains Wildlife Area (KPWA). To assess prevalence of C. serpentis in wild snakes of KPWA we collected cloacal swabs and opportunistically collected fecal samples from all snake species during the annual Ohio Division of Natural Resources’ snake survey. We used quantitative PCR targeting the 18S rRNA gene region of Cryptosporidium spp. together with a C. serpentis specific FAM-labeled probe to examine parasite loads across samples (N=209). C. serpentis was detected in 10.4% of snakes and in 3/7 snake species sampled, including two threatened species. While this result may illicit concern, it is important to next assess whether infected wild snakes can persist with the parasite. KPWA offers a unique opportunity to examine this parasite in the context of ongoing long term snake population surveys allowing for insight into potential parasite influences on wild populations
Resting Blood Pressure and Heart Rate Measurements Are Different in Division III Male and Female Athletes at Ohio Northern University from 2000-2023
Full text linkIntroduction/Background
Resting blood pressures and heart rates are common pre-participation cardiovascular measurements in college athletes. Athletes in the NCAA’s Division III comprise nearly 40% of all participants in college athletics. Despite the large number of athletes participating in Division III athletics, few studies have examined resting pre-participation cardiovascular measurements in male and female Division III athletes.
Purpose
Determine resting systolic and diastolic blood pressures and heart rates in male and female athletes at ONU from 2000 - 2023.
Methods
Resting systolic and diastolic blood pressures and heart rates were measured in athletes on 19 ONU sport teams (N = 10 men’s and N = 9 women’s sports) from 2000-2023. Athletes’ resting systolic and diastolic blood pressures (mm Hg) and heart rates (beats per min) were used from their most recently recorded pre-participation measurements.
Results
All data are expressed as mean ± SD. All data were analyzed via a one-way ANOVA. Significance was set at p \u3c 0.05. A total of 6147 athletes were examined from 2000 - 2023 (~70% male; ~30% female). Significant differences existed for all cardiovascular measurements when comparing male and female athletes (see Table 1 below). Compared to female athletes, male athletes had elevated systolic and diastolic blood pressures and had lower resting heart rates.
Table 1: Resting Blood Pressure and Heart Rate Measurements
Measurement Male Athletes Female Athletes
Systolic Blood Pressure (mm Hg) 126.6 ± 0.29* 118.9 ± 0.23
Diastolic Blood Pressure (mm Hg) 75.8 ± 0.40* 72.9 ± 0.40
Resting Heart Rate (bpm) 71.7 ± 0.36* 73.5 ± 0.4
De-escalation Techniques to Combat Workplace Violence Against Nurses
Full text linkAbstract
Problem: Workplace violence is on the rise in healthcare systems across the world, which is a major concern. Studies have found that nurses do not feel they can do their jobs effectively due to worries of potential harm to themselves and even their patients. There has been evidence that there are no effective methods in place to help healthcare workers remain safe and know how to handle these violent situations properly.
Purpose: The purpose of this project is to determine if de-escalation training increases nurses\u27 feelings of preparation for violent situations and decreases incidences of workplace violence.
Methods: This project will be using a pre/post-test study. Hospital nurses\u27 perceptions regarding preparedness and instances of workplace violence will then be measured prior to and 6 months following de-escalation training.
Conclusion: It is expected that nurses will feel more prepared for aggressive situations in the workplace and be more readily able to de-escalate them to prevent workplace violence incidents. It is recommended that all healthcare staff receive de-escalation training to feel more prepared and be able to intervene in aggressive and violent situations to hopefully prevent further escalation
Preliminary Study: Minimizing the Gap between Pre-and Post-Spaceflight
Full text linkLong-duration space missions pose significant challenges to astronaut health, primarily due to the detrimental effects of microgravity on musculoskeletal and cardiovascular systems. This research proposal aims to address the critical gap between pre- and post-spaceflight physiological conditions, focusing on the marked decline in muscle mass, bone density, and cardiovascular function. Existing countermeasures, such as resistive exercise, are insufficient to prevent muscle atrophy and bone demineralization, highlighting the need for novel solutions. Neuromuscular Electrical Stimulation (NMES) emerges as a promising intervention, capable of eliciting muscle contractions to maintain function and mitigate atrophy. By integrating NMES into existing exercise regimens, we hypothesize enhanced efficacy in preserving lower body musculature, maintaining bone density, and supporting cardiovascular health. This proposal leverages findings from dynamometer force acquisition and bed rest studies, combined with meta-analytic insights into NMES\u27s effectiveness in clinical settings, to optimize protocols for spaceflight application. The ultimate goal is to develop robust countermeasures ensuring astronaut health for safe interplanetary travel. Further investigations including OpenSim software modeling and predictive framework will be investigated in this research for later implementation and analysis
The Emerging Framework For The Recognition & Enforcement Of Annulled Arbitral Awards In U.S. Jurisprudence
Full text linkThe recognition and enforcement of foreign awards are governed almost universally by the United Nations Convention on the Recognition and Enforcement of Foreign Arbitral Awards (the “New York Convention”). However, this recognition and enforcement necessarily invokes national judicial power. The New York Convention does not devise a harmonized set of rules for courts to follow when faced with a request to recognize and enforce an annulled award.3 This has resulted in divergent approaches by national courts, which derive “not from any perversity of judges but from good faith variants in perspectives on how to construe the treaty.” This paper seeks to answer the question: When faced with a foreign award that has been set aside in the seat of arbitration, do United States (“U.S.”) courts give primacy to the nullifying judgment or the award? National courts generally follow one of three approaches when faced with the task of recognizing and enforcing an annulled award: (1) to always defer to the nullifying judgment (the “territorial approach”); (2) to never defer to the nullifying judgment (the “delocalized approach”); or (3) to sometimes defer to the nullifying judgment, while reserving the right to recognize and enforce the award notwithstanding the annulment if justified under the circumstances (the “middle path”).6 In the 1996 case of Chromalloy Aeroservices v. Arab Republic, the U.S. District Court followed the delocalized approach and recognized and enforced an annulled award, finding that Article V(1)(e)—which grants courts the discretion to refuse recognition on the basis of an annulment—sets forth a permissive standard, whereas Article VII(1)—the New York Convention’s “most favorable right” provision—is mandatory. In the landmark 2016 case of Corporacion Mexicana de Mantenimiento Integral, S. de R.L. de C.V. v. Pemex-Exploracion y Produccion, the Second Circuit reaffirmed its willingness to recognize and enforce an annulled award, but the rationale and tone of the decision demonstrated a departure from Chromalloy. Pemex appears to adopt a “judgments framework,” standing for the proposition that the nullifying judgment is generally conclusive “as a matter of comity—except where recognition and enforcement ‘would offend the public policy of the state in which recognition is sought.’” Although critics of the “judgments framework” argue that Pemex makes no real attempt to explain the mandatory provisions of Article VII(1), proponents consider Pemex to be a welcome development because “the soundest policy lies in treating annulment decisions like other foreign money judgments.” Case law following Pemex has largely affirmed the emerging “judgments framework” in U.S. jurisprudence
Human Trafficking in Ohio: A Human Rights Violation
No full textHuman trafficking is an overlooked and underestimated issue in the state of Ohio. The Ohio Attorney General’s Office estimates that over 1,000 children are sex trafficked in Ohio every year. Given the severity and prevalence of this issue, the following research project explores the issue of human trafficking in Ohio and discusses five major human rights violations resulting from human trafficking. This project includes details from an interview with a human trafficking survivor who was trafficked for labor and sex over the course of fifteen years in northeast Ohio. To conclude, the project suggests recommendations for the State of Ohio to help end human trafficking
Practicality of High-Speed Photography on Hydroturbines
No full textThis paper will discuss the feasibility of using high-speed photography on hydroturbines. The visualization of flow through the turbines is a valuable piece of data in determining the efficacy of turbine design, but housing and light reflections impact the practicality of such usage