Ideas Spread Inc. (E-Journals)
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Feasibility and Preliminary Reference Ranges of Invasive Arterial Pressure Monitoring via the Central Auricular Artery in Anesthetized Rabbits
Full text linkObjective: Anesthesia in rabbits is associated with a high risk of hypotension, which contributes significantly to perioperative mortality. Invasive arterial blood pressure (IABP) monitoring is the gold standard for accurate hemodynamic assessment. The central auricular artery, due to its superficial location, represents a practical site for catheterization. This study aimed to evaluate the technical feasibility of IABP monitoring via the central auricular artery and to establish preliminaryreference ranges for blood pressure values in anesthetized New Zealand White rabbits.
Methods: Twenty healthy adult New Zealand White rabbits (mean weight 4.1 ± 0.4 kg) were anesthetized with isoflurane following premedication and induction. A 24-gauge catheter was placed percutaneously in the central auricular artery and connected to a calibrated transducer system. Blood pressure (systolic [SAP], diastolic [DAP], and mean arterial pressure [MAP]), heart rate, and oxygen saturation were recorded every 5 minutes for up to 60 minutes.
Results: Successful catheterization was achieved in 19 of 20 rabbits (95% success rate), with one failure due to vessel spasm. No significant changes in vital signs were observed over time (repeated measures ANOVA, P > 0.05). Pooled mean values (± SD; 95% CI for mean; preliminary 95% reference range) were as follows: SAP 82 ± 9 mmHg (78–86 mmHg; 64–100 mmHg), DAP 58 ± 8 mmHg (54–62 mmHg; 42–74 mmHg), MAP 66 ± 8 mmHg (62–70 mmHg; 50–82 mmHg), heart rate 245 ± 28 beats/min (232–258 beats/min; 190–300 beats/min), and SpO2 96 ± 2% (95–97%; 92–100%).
Conclusion: Cannulation of the central auricular artery is a highly feasible and reliable method for continuous IABP monitoring in anesthetized rabbits. The preliminary reference ranges and corresponding 95% confidence intervals we report here match the typical drops seen under anesthesia versus awake states, offering a useful guide for spotting hypotension (like when MAP dips below 60 mmHg)
Math Literacy of Neurodiverse Children in the Bay Area: Quantifying Challenges and Opportunities for Intervention
Full text linkNeurodiverse students, including those with autism spectrum disorder, ADHD, dyslexia, and related learning differences, continue to face persistent challenges in mathematics education. Recent research shows that these challenges are not limited to academic skill gaps, but are closely tied to learning conditions such as anxiety, access to instructional support, and the extent to which students feel understood by teachers. Studies examining inclusion and special education outcomes suggest that placement alone does not reliably improve academic achievement or socioemotional outcomes, and that student experiences vary widely depending on the type and quality of support provided. This variability highlights the need to move beyond broad policy goals toward understanding how specific supports influence students' learning experiences.
Mathematics represents a particularly critical domain, as difficulties in math can compound over time and affect students’ confidence, course placement, and future academic opportunities. Prior work has documented heterogeneous math profiles among neurodiverse students, with some demonstrating strong computational skills but struggling with problem solving, language-heavy tasks, or sustained attention. Intervention research indicates that structured instruction, targeted tutoring, and well-designed virtual or home-based supports can improve outcomes for some students, while other studies emphasize the role of affective factors such as math anxiety and self-perception in shaping engagement and persistence. Despite this growing body of research, less is known about how different forms of support relate specifically to students’ confidence in learning mathematics, particularly across neurodiverse subgroups and school contexts.
In regions such as Silicon Valley, where educational resources are often assumed to be abundant, disparities in access to effective learning support remain evident for students with special educational needs. Understanding how home tutoring, perceived teacher understanding, and anxiety relate to math confidence can help clarify which supports may be most impactful and for whom. By examining these relationships, this study seeks to contribute to a more nuanced understanding of math learning experiences among neurodiverse students and to inform more targeted and equitable educational practices
Research on Rural Aesthetic Education Practices in the New Era of High-Quality Development: Current Shifts, Contemporary Trajectories, and Future Orientations
Full text linkAgainst the backdrop of China’s rural revitalization strategy and the elevation of aesthetic education in the new era, rural aesthetic education has shifted from a supplementary agenda of art-skills training and event-based provision to an integrated form of cultural practice. It mobilizes aesthetic experience to reconstitute cultural identity, reorganize public life, and activate endogenous capacities for rural development. This article aims to systematically review rural aesthetic education research in the new era, clarify its conceptual scope, operational mechanisms, and governance boundaries, and propose a replicable and iterative pathway framework for future practice. Methodologically, it combines a structured literature review with thematic synthesis, applying thematic coding and comparative analysis to domestic and international scholarship. Four interlocking thematic domains are identified — concepts and values; actors and governance; space and industry; schooling/ digitalization/ evaluation — through which key gaps are diagnosed as the field moves from descriptive accounts toward testable explanations.Building on a “values–actors–space–technology–evaluation” analytical chain, the article argues for a transition from project-based interventions to an integrated culture–education–governance system: anchoring goals in immersive, formative aesthetic education; restructuring collaborative governance through intersubjective co-creation; enabling continuous translation of local resources through curricularization, place-making, and publicization; enhancing accessibility while safeguarding educational boundaries via education-oriented digital transformation; and establishing a closed-loop improvement mechanism through evidence-informed, process-oriented, multi-stakeholder evaluation. The findings suggest that high-quality development of rural aesthetic education depends on integrating actor coordination, institutional embedding, and evidence-based governance on the basis of place-embedded and life-oriented practice. Future research should further delineate conceptual and causal mechanisms, operationalize indicators of participation depth and power transfer, undertake longitudinal tracking and cross-case comparisons, and critically examine publicness and equity under conditions of digital divides and market-oriented pressures
Structurally Optimal LEGO Tiling: Complexity and Approximability of Exact Cover with Submodular Objectives
Full text linkWe introduce and analyze the \emph{Structurally Optimal LEGO Tiling} problem: given a 2D binary grid , a finite library of axis-aligned rectangular bricks, and a structural fitness function , find an exact, non-overlapping layout that covers using bricks from while maximizing . We study this problem through the lens of theoretical computer science, assuming is modular, monotone, or submodular—natural models for objectives like interlocking strength, stability, or material efficiency. Our main results establish that the decision version is NP-complete even for domino bricks and modular , yet polynomial-time solvable when contains only unit bricks. We prove that while a -approximation exists for the partial coverage relaxation under submodular , the exact cover requirement admits no constant-factor approximation unless . We further characterize the compatibility between tiling feasibility and optimization, showing it always holds for modular objectives but can fail for submodular ones. Finally, we demonstrate that the feasible layout space lacks matroid or polymatroid structure (except in trivial cases) and that natural LP relaxations suffer unbounded integrality gaps. Together, these results delineate the computational boundaries of automated, structure-aware LEGO design and illuminate fundamental trade-offs between geometric feasibility and combinatorial optimization
Strategy for Developing the State Catholic Religious Senior High School (SMAKN) Samosir Based on Core Values to Support Academic Achievement and Student Character Formation
Full text linkThe State Catholic Senior High School (SMAKN) Samosir faces a significant gap between the idealism of its Vision, Mission, and Core Values and their practical implementation, which negatively affects both student character formation and academic achievement. This Community Service Program (PkM) aims to assist the school in formulating its Core Values through a participatory approach, enhancing stakeholders' understanding of their urgency, and building technical capacity among teachers and staff for effective implementation. The Participatory Action Research (PAR) approach was applied through four phases: Diagnosis, Strategy Workshop, Practical Methodology Training, and Mentoring and Reflection. Quantitative analysis using paired t-tests revealed statistically significant improvements (t=8.47, p<0.001, d=1.26) in teachers' and staff's competence in integrating values into lesson plans and pedagogical practices, with a mean increase from 60.0% (SD=8.3) to 81.2% (SD=6.5), representing a 35.2% improvement. The intervention yielded three major outcomes: (1) a structured School Development Strategy Document adopted as institutional policy; (2) statistically significant enhancement in pedagogical competence across all demographic subgroups; and (3) establishment of a Core Values Integrator Team as a sustainability mechanism. These findings contribute to the theoretical advancement of PAR applications in faith-based education by demonstrating how theological frameworks can be operationalized through empirically validated pedagogical models. The study extends existing literature by proposing an integrative model that harmonizes Freire's praxis with Catholic social teaching, offering practical implications for similar institutions globally facing the challenge of bridging aspirational values with measurable educational outcomes
Making Virtue Visible: Moral Exemplars and Narrative Governance in Xinwen Lianbo (2025)
Full text linkThis study examines how China,s flagship evening newscast constructs a politically meaning- ful “good person” (moral exemplar) through character-centered reports in 2025. Conceptually, we propose moral agenda-setting as a production-side process that links (a) governance-relevant issue salience, (b) virtue-attribute salience (second-level agenda setting), and (c) narrative and institutional devices that render virtue both imitable and legible as system capacity. Empir- ically, we compile a full-year corpus of Xinwen Lianbo character reports drawn from CCTV, s verbatim transcripts (2025-01-01 to 2025-12-31) and identify 38 reports that meet explicit inclusion criteria. We conduct a systematic textual analysis—combining structured coding with interpretive close reading—to examine issue domains, virtue attributes, authority-endorsement cues (genre labels, organizational positioning, and institutional “proof devices” such as proce- dures and metrics), and recurring narrative templates. The findings show that moral exemplars are constructed less as individualized morality and more as role-based virtue packages embed- ded in organizational arrangements, where quantified performance and standardized procedures function as legitimacy cues. We discuss how this genre translates abstract values into actionable scripts while aligning everyday virtue with governance rationales, ofering a replicable frame- work for studying moral communication in authoritative news systems. We position moral agenda-setting as a genre-based mechanism of production-side agenda-building
Probabilistic Learning Framework for Inverse Material Design
Full text linkInverse material design, which seeks microstructures yielding desired macroscopic properties, is inherently ill-posed due to non-uniqueness and the existence of unattainable targets. While data-driven generative models offer powerful empirical solutions, they often lack rigorous theoretical guarantees. This paper establishes a formal probabilistic learning framework to address these challenges. We first prove that the forward homogenization map, which predicts effective properties from a microstructure descriptor field, is Frechet differentiable and locally Lipschitz continuous under physically reasonable assumptions. This foundational result justifies the use of gradient-based methods and sensitivity analysis. Building upon this, we demonstrate the probabilistic well-posedness of the Bayesian inverse problem: the posterior distribution over microstructures is well-defined and depends continuously on the target property data. Furthermore, we prove Bayesian consistency, showing that as observational uncertainty vanishes, the posterior measure concentrates on the true set of solutions. This theoretical foundation validates advanced probabilistic inference techniques (e.g., MCMC, variational inference) for robustly exploring the solution manifold and quantifying uncertainty, thereby enabling a more complete and practical exploration of the material design space
Analyzing the Factors Affecting the Modelling of Bandaranaike International Airport as a Passenger Hub in the South Asian Region
Full text linkThe aviation industry is one of the key facilitators of the Sri Lankan economy, yet Bandaranaike International Airport (BIA) underperforms compared to other South and Southeast Asian aviation hubs. This paper identifies the factors that influence the development of BIA as a passenger hub in the South Asian region and the degree to which they affect passenger perceptions. A quantitative cross-sectional survey was conducted with 323 passengers who arrived at BIA, selected using simple random sampling from the average monthly arrivals in 2019 (approximately 410,871). The questionnaire included demographic questions, 15 five-point Likert-scale variables related to services and infrastructure based on the literature, and dependent-variable questions relating to perceptions of BIA's hub potential. Data analysis was conducted using SPSS 26.0 through descriptive statistics, reliability testing, exploratory factor analysis, Pearson correlation, and multiple linear regression. Additional qualitative data were collected through interviews with three aviation industry professionals. Instrument reliability and data factorability were confirmed by Cronbach's alpha (0.965), the Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin test (0.947), and Bartlett's test (p < 0.001). Factor analysis reduced the 15 variables to four components: Facilities and Services, Entertainment and Sustainability, Terminal Configuration, and Sanitary and Quarantine. The regression model (Adjusted R² = 0.283; F = 32.814; p = 0.001) indicated that the strongest predictor (B = 0.366; p = 0.001) is Entertainment and Sustainability. The results demonstrate that differentiated entertainment services, sustainability programs, and experience-oriented airport facilities are critical to establishing BIA as a competitive regional passenger hub
The Politics of Belonging: Non-Full Citizens and the Crisis of Democratic Inclusion in the Age of Immigration
Full text linkAs immigration policy continues to trouble U.S. policy makers, a global trend in increased immigration in recent years has distorted the perceived statuses of full and non-full citizens in America. In addressing a growth in immigration, politicians and nativists have introduced moral assaults on non-full citizens, elevated the perceived status of legal citizenship, and justified disproportionately punitive measures through the portrayal of a domestic invasion of immigrants. Moreover, the overemphasis of legal status as the sole construct of identity and membership to a local community remains problematic as alternative approaches such as
the stakeholder framework—a metric in recognizing all members of society has individuals who directly impact and are impacted by the success of their communities, or a lack thereof. As a result, this paper proposes potential solutions such as the expansion of voting rights to non-full citizens across Western democracies in order to alleviate a democratic deficit and allow for the political and social recognition of immigrants as substantive members—and not mere legal subjects—of democratic polities
Exploring the Mechanism of Simulacral Identification Negotiation in AI-Generated Realistic Visuals: A Case Study of Genshin Impact Videos on Bilibili
Full text linkWith the growing use of artificial intelligence-generated content (AIGC) in visual production, AI-generated realistic visuals have emerged as a prominent creative practice within anime, comics, and games (ACG) communities. Judgements about whether AI-generated visuals “look like” original characters function not only as aesthetic evaluations, but also as sites for negotiating simulacral identification and cultural affiliation. This study examines a series of AI-generated realistic videos of Genshin Impact released on Bilibili, analysing viewer comments and danmaku (real-time bullet comments). Drawing on simulacra theory, the encoding/decoding model, and the concept of algorithmic visibility, this paper proposes a Three-Layer Model of Simulacral Identification Negotiation, comprising content generation, user cognition, and platform modulation. In the context of AIGC, the cultural meaning of visual simulacra emerges through the dynamic interaction of technical generation, user discourse, and platform mechanisms, which collectively reshape the expressive pathways of identity recognition and validation. The model holds cross-platform applicability, offering theoretical insight into how simulacral identification is constructed, circulated, and governed across global social media environments. Furthermore, the study offers insights into broader issues such as identity projection and cultural ethics, which increasingly shape the practice of visual re-simulacra in AIGC-driven media ecosystems