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Vulnerability or resilience tweets? A comparative analysis of media outlets versus non-governmental organizations visual representations of the 2023 Morocco earthquake survivors
Get PDFThis comparative study explores the vulnerability/resilience visual framing pattern in the survivors-related visuals tweeted by 16 media outlets and 18 non-governmental organizations during the 2023 Morocco earthquake. The study proposes a vulnerability/resilience framework and investigates its potential impact on X engagement metrics. The results indicate discrepancies between media outlets and non-governmental organizations in their vulnerability/resilience perspectives as well as their gendered representations of the survivors. Theoretical and practical implications of visual framing and strategic crisis communication are further discussed
Interaction of public and private employment: Evidence from a German government move*
Get PDFWe use the German government move from Bonn to Berlin in 1999 to test competing views about the impact of public employment on private sector activity in a local labor market. A relocated public sector job might create new jobs in an area as it increases demand for locally-produced goods and services, or crowd out existing jobs due to upward pressure on housing rents. Using employment data from a panel of a 50% sample of establishments across 190 Berlin postcodes, we apply a treatment intensity approach which takes the possibility of spillovers into account. Results indicate that the arrival of 100 public sector jobs into an area generates 55 additional jobs in the private sector. There is evidence of spillovers: relocations up to a distance of 1km from a postcode boundary increases employment in the private sector by 36 jobs. These effects are coming through job gains in the service sector, while manufacturing employment is not influenced by the relocation
Not what you expected to see? Obesity stereotypes, expectancy violations, and angel investment decisions
Get PDFThis article investigates the impact of obesity stereotypes on angel investment decisions. Drawing from the stereotype literature and expectancy violation theory, we propose that angel investors tend to evaluate founders with obesity worse because they perceive them as high in warmth but low in competence (and competence matters more for angel investors’ evaluations). However, we also suggest that founders with obesity who violate low-competence stereotypes through high-competence displays can offset negative obesity stereotypes without affecting positive ones, leading to overall higher evaluations. The results from two field studies show that angel investors penalize founders with obesity but that the effect is ameliorated for those presenting high-tech ventures. A follow-up experiment using AI-generated, photorealistic manipulations of founders’ body types identifies perceived competence and warmth as mechanisms that explain the effects. Collectively, these findings contribute to the literature streams on appearance in entrepreneurial finance, stereotypes and their violations, and entrepreneurial research methods
The role of attention and frames on third-party punishment and compensation choices
Get PDFPeople often forgo their own self-interest to react to fairness and justice violations, even when not directly affected by the infraction. There are different ways to react to an injustice: some may prefer to punish the perpetrator, and others to compensate the victim. Here, our focus is on the role played by attention to determine these choices, investigating the relationship between attentional mechanisms and punishment/compensation in five preregistered experiments (N=1,157). Two eye-tracking experiments showed that people who focus more on the offender’s payoff are more likely to punish, and when an exogenous stimulation increases the focus on the offender’s payoff, people spend more to punish. An offender bias was also found, meaning that people, overall, prefer to focus on the offender’s, rather than the victim’s, payoff, and punish more than compensate. This was confirmed in three behavioural experiments, where people were exposed to either the offender’s or the victim’s payoff: when given the choice, people prefer to reveal the offender’s payoff, and then punish; however, when randomly exposed to the victim’s payoff, the preference for punishment disappears. Affective empathy boosts this effect: higher empathy leads to more punishment (or compensation) when the offender’s (or victim’s) payoff is revealed. These findings suggest that, whilst people have an intrinsic motivation to search for information that matches their preference (i.e., the offender’s payoff and punishment), when exposed to an alternative piece of information (i.e., the victim’s payoff), they modify their behaviour. Implications for understanding information bubbles and ways to overcome them are
discussed
Incorporating episodic memory into quantum models of judgment and decision
Get PDFAn important challenge for quantum theories of cognition and decision concerns the incorporation of memory for recently made judgments and their effects on later judgments. First, we review a general approach to measurement based on system plus environment representations of states and measurement instruments. These more general measurement models provide ways to incorporate effects of recent judgments on later judgments. Then we compare two different measurement models that are based on these more general measurement operations to a puzzling collection of question order effect findings
A Novel Postgraduate Diversity in Medical Education (DiME) Leadership Programme
No full textBackground
Reduced retention and progression amongst ethnic minority staff is severely disrupting equality, diversity and inclusion (EDI) within healthcare with negative impacts on patient care. There is a lack of diversity in postgraduate leadership roles with systemic issues and insufficient support. To help address these issues at an individual level, we developed the Diversity in Medical Education (DiME) programme that aims to close the gap between ethnic minority individuals and training programme director (TPD) positions.
Approach
Over 6 months, the programme consisted of a series of learning days on action learning sets and effective meetings, mock interviews with associate deans, networking events, mentoring, access to coaching and subsequently forming a peer network. Participants were recruited from a wide range of primary and secondary care specialties and ethnic minority backgrounds.
Evaluation
A qualitative evaluation was undertaken. Lessons learned included providing protected time to participate in professional development, facilitating flexibility of opportunities and enhancing understanding and encouragement for individuals to progress as an ethnic minority leader. Interviews revealed programme benefits, barriers and challenges participants faced in reaching leadership positions and suggested recommendations to enhance DiME. Benefits included the development of technical and non‐technical skills, feeling valued and supported, and peer networking.
Implications
DiME is a novel postgraduate programme to support ethnic minority TPDs in overcoming barriers to leadership positions through building networks and sharing valuable skills. Systemic and institutional barriers impede ethnic minority individuals reaching senior leadership positions, yet this initiative provides a small step through the implementation of an innovative programme
From Frontiers to Borders How Colonial Technicians Created Modern Territoriality
Get PDFHow did modern territoriality emerge and what are its consequences? This book examines these key questions with a unique global perspective
Hedging Shipping Freight Rates using Conditional Value-at-Risk and buffered Probability of Exceedance
No full textThis paper investigates the performance of the minimum Conditional Value-at-Risk (CVaR) hedging technique in the dry bulk shipping freight market, where extreme volatility and asymmetric return distributions often limit the effectiveness of traditional minimum variance approaches. The CVaR-based framework is used to minimize the downside tail risk in both static and dynamic hedging settings using a dataset of Forward Freight Agreements (FFAs) for Capesize, Panamax and Supramax vessels over the period of January 2007 to December 2022. Our results suggest that the effectiveness of alternative hedging strategies is sensitive to the distributional shape of the underlying returns, underscoring the suitability of CVaR-based strategies under heavy-tailed and skewed returns. Furthermore, we introduce a probabilistic optimization framework that minimizes the buffered Probability of Exceedance (bPOE), subject to a pre-specified CVaR constraint. This dual-risk formulation yields an efficient frontier, i.e., a set of optimal solutions between risk and return, that quantifies the trade-off between the likelihood and magnitude of extreme losses, ultimately enhancing hedging performance and offering insights into tail risk management
The code and community nursing: promoting professionalism and trust
No full textPromoting professionalism and establishing a therapeutic relationship based on trust is integral to all aspects of nursing practice. However, at times the nuances of delivering care in the community, poses additional challenges to maintaining these professional boundaries. The author addresses the challenges of balancing personal disclosures to foster positive outcomes with a sense of separation from patients. The article also examines how to apply the principles of professionalism to the use of social media while embracing its benefits. The practical challenges of supporting student nurses in the community are explored, with a focus on providing a supportive environment to inspire career choices and an inclusive learning environment that can adapt to meet all requirements
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