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“I’ve learned to sift it”: A qualitative exploration of participant experiences of the SIFT IT social cognition group treatment program for people with acquired brain injury
Full text linkPurpose: Few evidence-based treatment options are available for people living with acquired brain injury (ABI) experiencing social cognitive processing difficulties. The SIFT IT group treatment program is a novel intervention developed to comprehensively target social cognitive skills in this population. This paper explored the experiences of participants who completed the SIFT IT program within a broader feasibility randomised controlled trial.
Materials and methods: Fifteen people with ABI were recruited and participated in the SIFT IT program. The SIFT IT program consisted of 14 weekly 90-minute small group sessions facilitated by a clinical psychologist with five modules targeting social cognition processes. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 14 participants post-treatment. Interviews were analysed using thematic analysis.
Results: The five main themes identified in the analysis were: (1) social cognitive processing changes; (2) impacts of change; (3) valuable program components; (4) biopsychosocial influences; and (5) moving forward.
Conclusions: Targeting social cognitive skills in a group treatment format for people living with ABI was largely seen as acceptable and of benefit to these individuals. This reinforces the clinical need for rehabilitation providers to identify, and treat, those with social cognitive difficulties
Challenges of using specialist domestic and sexual violence and abuse service data to inform policy and practice on violence reduction in the UK
Full text linkSpecialist domestic and sexual violence and abuse support services routinely collect administrative data about victim-survivors’ experiences of violence, interventions, and individual- and service-level outcomes. When used effectively, such information has the potential to enhance understanding of patterns of violence in society and ensure that responses are evidence-based. However, the extent to which insights from specialist services’ administrative data can inform policy and practice on violence reduction is limited by three interrelated challenges: different approaches to the measurement of violence and abuse; the issue of disproportionate funding and capacity of services, and the practicalities of multi-agency working. This article contributes to a gap in knowledge by explicitly addressing the challenges of using such data. It is hoped that it will encourage further discussions into how services collect and use data, which would greatly enhance knowledge in this area. To gain a more accurate picture of violence and abuse, their consequent harms in society, and where resources and interventions should be targeted, it is vital that specialist services data is integrated with other sources of data on violence
Pre-entry experience and the heterogeneity in startup performance: Evidence from the nascent artificial intelligence industry
Full text linkWe examine the performance differences among startups in nascent industries, taking account of the distinct knowledge contexts from which they arise. Specifically, we investigate the effect of pre-entry experience on the performance of startups originating within the same industry (i.e. inside–industry spinouts) and those from related knowledge contexts along the value chain (i.e. outside–industry spinouts). Analyzing a novel dataset that includes all U.S. artificial intelligence industry startup entrants during the period 1980 to 2014, we find that inside–industry spinouts and outside–industry spinouts have comparable survival and successful exit rates, outperforming startups with no pre-entry experience related to AI. Exploring the heterogeneity among outside–industry spinouts, we also find that the higher survival rate of this category of entrants is driven by startups founded by individuals who previously worked for firms operating in upstream supplier industries. We discuss the implications of our findings for research on strategy and industry evolution
The Misconception of an Arbitration Agreement’s Scope under Chinese Law: Controversial Interpretation by Chinese Courts
Full text linkThe scope of an arbitration agreement is a key issue in international arbitration theory and practice, because it directly decides an arbitrator’s jurisdiction. Courts in pro-arbitration jurisdictions usually interpret scope broadly to cover all disputes related to the contract between the parties. This ensures that arbitration can function as an effective and efficient “one-stop” forum for business entities. The Supreme People’s Court of China (SPC), however, misconceptualizes the scope of an arbitration agreement by mistakenly equating it with the boundaries of the contract between the parties. This further causes the SPC to adopt two problematic legal doctrines. First, it develops a literal interpretation approach that focuses on an arbitration agreement’s exact wording. Second, it is confused between the existence and the scope of an arbitration agreement. As a result, the SPC frequently interprets scope narrowly, and wrongly applies the New York Convention and the relevant Chinese law. This paper identifies the SPC’s misconception for the first time among all literature, and argues that it should correct the misconception and the problematic doctrines. Only by doing so can the SPC bring its jurisprudence in line with international practice and facilitate economic activities between China and the rest of the world
Scattering of D0-branes and Strings
Full text linkIt has been known for about thirty years that a scattering amplitude involving D0-branes and closed strings suffers from infrared divergences beyond tree level. These divergences arise because the conventional world-sheet approach cannot account for the difference between the D0-brane’s momentum before and after scattering. We show that, by using string field theory, the divergence can be removed and the amplitude rendered finite and unambiguous. We illustrate this using the simplest possible example in bosonic string theory: a three-point function with one incoming and one outgoing D0-brane and an incoming or outgoing closed string tachyon
What Piaget didn’t know: The paradox of visual perspective-taking
Full text linkResearch on visual perspective-taking, the ability to know what another person can see, effectively began with the work of Piaget in the 1950s. Although many authors have examined the various aspects of the phenomenon, it has never been made clear what it exactly means to take another’s viewpoint and what processes occur when a person attempts to do so. Here, we suggest that the current conceptions of perspective-taking do not reflect the empirical data. These data not only show that humans are poor at knowing what others can see, we even have great difficulty reflecting upon our own perspective. We conclude that a theory of visual perspective-taking is needed
A window of opportunity: transparent packaging affects product preference via psychological ownership
Full text linkTransparent packaging allows consumers to view and inspect the product. We suggest that transparent packaging reduces the psychological barrier between a product and its prospective consumers, and we propose that transparency allows for a more intimate bond with the product and thus increases product preference compared to opaque packaging. In seven studies, we find that consumers prefer products that can be seen through transparent packaging and that psychological ownership plays an important role in this. Drawing on this theory, we also provide evidence for relevant boundary conditions: The preference for products in transparent packaging is reduced when the unpackaged product would be undesirable, and when ownership is not expected (i.e., when the product is bought for someone else). These results extend prior accounts based on packaging attractiveness and product information, they advance the literature on psychological ownership, and they provide valuable insights for practitioners
Fields from home: device-independent online perimetry with Melbourne Rapid Fields
Full text linkAims: To assess the short-term reliability and agreement of home-based visual field (VF) testing using web-based Melbourne Rapid Fields (MRF-web) software compared to standard in-clinic Humphrey Field Analyzer (HFA) perimetry. To evaluate the feasibility and patient acceptance of home VF monitoring and whether increased testing frequency with home monitoring could detect progression earlier.
Methods: Cross-sectional study with a repeated measures design of one eye of 100 adult participants from the Laser in Glaucoma and Ocular Hypertension trial with stable VFs with a questionnaire capturing participant feedback. Participants performed VF tests at home using MRF-web on their own computers. Each testing session included visual acuity, two 10–2 VFs and two 24–2 VFs. Analysis compared the MRF 24–2 with the two most recent HFA 24–2 from prior clinic visits. Bland-Altman plots and mixed linear models assessed test–retest variability and agreement, while simulations estimated the power to detect progression. Patient feedback was collected via online questionnaire.
Results: MRF-web showed greater test–retest variability than HFA for point-wise values, with a significant learning effect. There was a significant proportional bias, with MRF underestimating damage compared to HFA. The SE for MTD progression was higher for MRF at a 6-month testing interval. Four-monthly MRF testing achieved similar progression detection power to 6-monthly HFA: more frequent testing enabling earlier detection of progression. Most participants preferred home monitoring due to convenience.
Conclusions: Home-perimetry produced more variable results than in-clinic testing, but the increased testing frequency enabled the potential earlier detection of progression compared to standard in-clinic testing
Techniques for interactive visual examination of vessel performance
Full text linkThe development and evaluation of autonomous maritime vessels rely heavily on data-driven insights from iterative testing and analysis. While initial analyses are often conducted on small experimental datasets to explore key system characteristics, scaling these analyses to large datasets presents significant challenges. In this study, we extend our prior work on visual exploration of small-scale test bed data by proposing approaches to scaling the visual analytics techniques to large datasets. Using AIS data from ferry boats as a proxy for extensive maritime drone operations, we address the challenges of large-scale data exploration over eight days of repetitive ferry movements across a busy strait, simulating conditions suitable for autonomous vessels. Our approach investigates movement patterns, operational stability during repeated trips, and potential collision scenarios. To support such analyses, we propose a general, reusable workflow and a set of practical guidelines for applying visual analytics techniques to large maritime movement datasets. The findings highlight the scalability and adaptability of visual analytics methods, providing valuable tools for analyzing complex maritime datasets and advancing autonomous vessel technologies
Why we recall fewer emotional false memories: investigating retrieval dynamics in false recall for negative emotional and neutral DRM lists
No full textFalse memories are often studied using the Deese–Roediger–McDermott (DRM) paradigm. This paradigm demonstrates how semantically related word lists can induce erroneous recall or recognition of non-presented critical lures. Emotional DRM lists typically elicit higher false recognition than neutral lists but paradoxically reduce false recall. To examine why, this study examined the retrieval dynamics of false recall for emotional (negative) versus neutral lists using an externalised free recall task. Here, participants list all words that come to mind (inclusion output) before indicating which they believe were studied (recall output). Emotional lists produced fewer critical lures during inclusion, but no difference in the proportion of those lures later labelled as recalled. These results help us to more fully understand the role of retrieval in emotional false memory development and the importance of lure accessibility and error correction as a crucial feature in theoretical explanations of false memories. Implications for theoretical models and differences in recall and recognition dynamics are discussed
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