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Effect of Tamoxifen on Proteome Expression during \u3ci\u3eIn Vitro\u3c/i\u3e Myogenesis in Murine Skeletal Muscle C\u3csub\u3e2\u3c/sub\u3eC\u3csub\u3e12\u3c/sub\u3e Cells
Get PDFTamoxifen (TMX), a selective estrogen receptor modulator, is commonly used in the treatment of hormone-responsive cancers. However, the effects of TMX in anabolic tissues harboring estrogen receptors, such as skeletal muscle, are poorly understood. We report a tandem mass-tag approach to TMX-treated myogenesis in C2C12 cells, a well-characterized model of in vitro murine skeletal muscle differentiation. A longitudinal analysis of \u3e10,000 proteins identified in untreated C2C12 myogenesis revealed a novel subset of 1,062 myogenically regulated proteins. These proteins clustered into five distinct longitudinal expression trends which significantly overlap those obtained in similar analyses performed in human myocytes. We document a specific functional enrichment for adiponectin-signaling unique to TMX-treated myogenesis, as well as a subset of 198 proteins that are differentially expressed in TMX-treated cells relative to controls at one or more stages of myogenesis, the majority of which were involved in steroid and lipid metabolism. Further analysis highlights metallothionein-1 as a novel target of TMX treatment at each stage of C2C12 myogenesis. Finally, we present a powerful, self-validating pipeline for analyzing the total proteomic response to in vitro treatment across every stage of muscle cell development which can be easily adapted to study the effects of other drugs on myogenesis
Two Cardinal Portraits by Scipione Pulzone in the Harvard Art Museums and their Related Versions
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The visual legacy of early modern cardinals constitutes a vast and extremely rich body of artworks, many of superb quality, in a variety of media, often by well-known artists and skilled craftsmen. Yet cardinal portraits have primarily been analyzed within biographical studies of the represented individual, in relation to the artists who created them, or within the broader genre of portraiture. Portrait Cultures of the Early Modern Cardinal addresses questions surrounding the production, collection, and status of the cardinal portrait, covering diverse geographies and varied media. Examining the development of cardinals\u27 imagery in terms of their multi-layered identities, this volume considers portraits of \u27princes of the Church\u27 as a specific cultural phenomenon reflecting cardinals\u27 unique social and political position.https://scholarworks.smith.edu/museum_books/1001/thumbnail.jp
Bringing Stakeholders Along for the Ride: Towards Supporting Intentional Decisions in Software Evolution: Supplemental Material
No full textSupplemental material for the research paper entitled, Bringing Stakeholders Along for the Ride: Towards Supporting Intentional Decisions in Software Evolution . This paper presents an initial literature review to define intentionality, disambiguate it from its use in literature, and position it in relation to similar concepts. This supplement contains the literature review data file
Coral Gardens Reef, Belize: An \u3ci\u3eAcropora\u3c/i\u3e spp. Refugium under Threat in a Warming World
Get PDFLive coral cover has declined precipitously on Caribbean reefs in recent decades. Acropora cervicornis coral has been particularly decimated, and few Western Atlantic Acropora spp. refugia remain. Coral Gardens, Belize, was identified in 2020 as a long-term refugium for this species. This study assesses changes in live A. cervicornis coral abundance over time at Coral Gardens to monitor the stability of A. cervicornis corals, and to explore potential threats to this important refugium. Live coral cover was documented annually from 2012– 2019 along five permanent transects. In situ sea-surface temperature data were collected at Coral Gardens throughout the study period and compared with calibrated satellite data to calculate Maximum Monthly Mean (MMM) temperatures and Degree Heating Weeks (DHW). Data on bathymetry, sediment, substrate, herbivore abundance, and macroalgal abundance were collected in 2014 and 2019 to assess potential threats to Coral Gardens. Live coral cover declined at all five transect sites over the study period. The greatest loss of live coral occurred between 2016 and 2017, coincident with the earliest and highest maxi- mum average temperatures recorded at the study site, and the passage of a hurricane in 2016. Structural storm damage was not observed at Coral Gardens, though live coral cover declined after the passage of the storm. Uranium-thorium (230Th) dating of 26 dead in situ fragments of A. cervicornis collected in 2015 from Coral Gardens revealed no correlation between coral mortality and tropical storms and hurricanes in the recent past. Our data suggest that several other common drivers for coral decline (i.e. herbivory, predation, sedimentation, pH) may likely be ruled out for Coral Gardens. At the end of the study period, Coral Gardens satisfied most criteria for refugium status. However, the early onset, higher mean, and longer duration of above-average temperatures, as well as intermittent temperature anomalies likely played a critical role in the stability of this refugium. We suggest that temperature stress in 2016 and perhaps 2015 may have increased coral tissue vulnerability at Coral Gardens to a passing hurricane, threatening the status of this unique refugium
Systemically Characterizing the Functional Impact of Alternative Splicing in Endothelial Cell Differentiation Using Long Read RNAsequencing Data
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The Effect of Temperature on Intimate Partner Violence: Evidence from India
No full textPrevious evidence suggests that high temperatures may increase aggression, but the occurrence of violence might also depend on its perceived cost. In this study, I use two waves of the National Family Health Survey of India and high-resolution weather data, and employ a fixed effects framework to investigate the causal impact of outdoor temperature on physical, sexual, and emotional intimate partner violence in India. My results show that a higher average maximum temperature reduces the likelihood of emotional or sexual violence (particularly in urban areas) and lowers the severity of all types of violence (particularly in rural areas). However, these effects lose significance when considering the number of hot days. I explore the heterogeneous effects underlying the relationship between temperature and violence at the extensive margin and investigate whether the growing season would be a possible channel driving my results
