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From Status to Gender in Meiji Japan
No full textBook abstract:
This major new volume presents innovative recent scholarship on Japan\u27s modern history, including its imperial past and transregional entanglements. An international team of leading scholars offer accessible and thought-provoking essays that present an expansive global vision of the archipelago\u27s history from c. 1868 to the twenty-first century. Japan was the first non-Western society to become a modern nation and empire, to industrialize, and to deliver a high standard of living to virtually all its citizens, capturing international attention ever since. These Japanese efforts to reshape global hierarchies powered a variety of debates and conflicts, both at home and with people and places beyond Japan\u27s shores. Drawing on the latest Japanese and English-language scholarship, this volume highlights Japan\u27s distinctive and fast-changing history.
Chapter abstract:
The twenty-four accessible and thought-provoking essays in this volume present innovative new scholarship on Japan’s modern history, including its imperial past and transregional entanglements. Drawing on the latest Japanese and English-language scholarship, it highlights Japan’s distinctiveness as an extraordinarily fast-changing place. Indeed, Japan provides a ringside seat to all the big trends of modern history. Japan was the first non-Western society to become a modern nation and empire, to industrialize, to wage modern war on a vast scale, and to deliver a high standard of living to virtually all its citizens. Because the Japanese so determinedly acted to reshape global hierarchies, their modern history was incredibly destabilizing for the world. This intense dynamism has powered a variety of debates and conflicts, both at home and with people and places beyond Japan’s shores. Put simply, Japan has packed a lot of history into less than two centuries.https://scholarworks.smith.edu/hst_books/1010/thumbnail.jp
Coming Out While Going Fast: Queer Conviviality in Speedrunning Live Streams
Get PDFDrawing on ethnographic research of LGBTQIA+ live streaming speedrunners, this article demonstrates how by centering queer perspectives, we can catalyze meaningful social changes for all. Though for most people, beating the original Super Mario Bros. in under five minutes would seem unfathomably difficult, LGBTQIA+ speedrunning live streamers regularly accomplish this superhuman feat, while coming out to an audience of thousands at the same time. For queer and trans folks, broadcasting such a transgressive, transformational form of play is defiant demonstration of vulnerability; one that creates a comfortable space for a community to thrive, by cultivating a culture of queer conviviality. Following in their fleet-footed steps, this article explicates how, as game studies and human-computer interaction researchers, we might center those on the margins in order achieve truly communal goals
Image Schema Decompositions of the Conceptual Dependency INGEST Primitive: A Study of Paraphrases
Get PDFOne of the hallmarks of the Schank-Minsky Conceptual Dependency Trans-Frames meaning representation system is that it attempts to express complex meanings by building large and complex conceptual structures using a relatively small number of primitives. Recently comparisons of image schemas with Conceptual Dependency primitives revealed ways of possibly reducing the number of primitives while maintaining the expressiveness of the set—an important research goal because it increases the flexibility and richness of the primitive-decomposed structures in a way that better approximates human cognition. Inspired by this prior work, we employ a paraphrase generation system to explore the replacement of the Conceptual Dependency INGEST primitive by PTRANS and CONTAIN, which are the analogs of Source_Path_Goal and Containment image schemas. The results of the study bring us a step closer to a possible unification of image schemas with Conceptual Dependency
Psychological Perspectives on the Presentation of Video Evidence: How Perceivers Weight What is Seen and Unseen
Get PDFVideo evidence is proliferating in the courtroom, outpacing the incremental advances in policies governing its use. Psychological research on attention and perception indicates that people are vulnerable to numerous biases in how they interpret video. The dynamic format of such evidence directs attention in distinct ways, and the visual system selectively captures some pieces of information at the expense of others. Thus, perceivers who must make decisions about video evidence are vulnerable to overweighting the information they see, underweighting the information they do not see, and being overconfident about their interpretation of what they see. We marshal emerging research on attention and cognition to consider perceivers’ vulnerabilities to video evidence. Further, we ask whether instruction interventions may disrupt biases in decision-making about video evidence. We present pilot data suggesting that instructions to consider information missing from a scene might bridge the gap between disparate perceptions of body camera and dashcam footage of the same scene
The Asymptotic \u3ci\u3ep\u3c/i\u3e-Poisson Equation as p →∞ in Carnot-Carathéodory Spaces
Get PDFIn this paper we study the asymptotic behavior of solutions to the subelliptic p-Poisson equation as p → +∞ in Carnot Carathéodory spaces. In particular, introducing a suitable notion of differentiability, we extend the celebrated result of Bhattacharya, DiBenedetto and Manfredi [BDM] and we prove that limits of such solutions solve in the sense of viscosity a hybrid first and second order PDE involving the ∞−Laplacian and the Eikonal equation
Beyond the Symptom: The Biology of Fatigue
Get PDFA workshop titled “Beyond the Symptom: The Biology of Fatigue” was held virtually September 27–28, 2021. It was jointly organized by the Sleep Research Society and the Neurobiology of Fatigue Working Group of the NIH Blueprint Neuroscience Research Program. For access to the presentations and video recordings, see: https://neuroscienceblueprint.nih.gov/about/event/beyond-symptom-biology-fatigue. The goals of this workshop were to bring together clinicians and scientists who use a variety of research approaches to understand fatigue in multiple conditions and to identify key gaps in our understanding of the biology of fatigue. This workshop summary distills key issues discussed in this workshop and provides a list of promising directions for future research on this topic. We do not attempt to provide a comprehensive review of the state of our understanding of fatigue, nor to provide a comprehensive reprise of the many excellent presentations. Rather, our goal is to highlight key advances and to focus on questions and future approaches to answering them
Toward a Social Justice Emphasis in Preservice Teachers’ Inquiries in Small Liberal Arts Contexts
Get PDFScholars underscore the need to study core features and outcomes of preservice teacher (PST) inquiry. This qualitative study identifies facilitation as a key feature, and a social justice inquiry stance as an important outcome. The author analyzed PST inquiry reports from a graduate-level course, noting that fewer than half of the reports were focused on social justice and, despite a weak program emphasis, PSTs were adopting this inquiry stance. Analysis of student feedback surveys and instructor notes revealed that providing clear and structured processes, consistent written feedback, and frequent meetings with facilitator and peers were effective facilitation strategies. Additional strategies include teaching research skills prior to the teacher inquiry semester, building more collaboration opportunities, and a program-wide focus on social justice. The author asserts that these strategies could ease reported PST challenges and provides recommendations for developing and sustaining social justice-focused PST inquiry in small liberal arts teacher education programs
Exploring the Diversity of Microeukaryotic Communities in New England Tide Pools
Get PDFThough historically understudied, due in large part to most species being uncultivable, microbial eukaryotes (i.e. protists) are abundant and widespread across diverse habitats. Recent advances in molecular techniques, including metabarcoding, allow for the characterization of poorly known protist lineages. This study surveys the diversity of SAR (Stramenopila, Alveolata, and Rhizaria), a major eukaryotic clade that is estimated to represent about half of all eukaryotic diversity. SAR lineages use varied metabolic strategies like mixotrophy in dinoflagellates (Alveolata), parasitism in apicomplexans (Alveolata) and labyrinthulids (Stramenopila), and life cycle stages that include encystment and attachment (e.g. in ciliates, Alveolata) to survive in highly dynamic habitats. Using metabarcoding primers designed specifically to target a portion of the 18S small subunit ribosomal RNA (SSU-rRNA) gene of SAR lineages, we compare protist community composition from tide pools in Acadia National Park, Maine, USA. We characterize over 500 lineages, here operational taxonomic units (OTUs), many of which are found abundant in the tide pool environment. We also find that communities vary by month sampled and exhibit patterns by size (i.e. macro-, micro-, and nano-sized). Taken together, these data allow us to further catalog protist diversity in extreme environments (e.g. those subject to extreme fluctuations in temperature and salinity during tidal cycles). Such data are critical in the explorations of biodiversity patterns among microorganisms on our rapidly changing planet
The Hairpin: A Novel Method to Correct for the Effects of Population Stratification on Polygenic Risk Scores
No full textA polygenic score (PGS) quantifies an individual’s estimated risk of developing a disorder or complex trait based on their genome-wide data. Because PGS are based on Genome-Wide Association Study (GWAS) summary statistics, they are particularly vulnerable to the effects of population stratification and biased sampling. To date, the genetic data used in most GWAS is derived primarily from the White, European population. When PGS scores derived from this non-representative sample of human variation are extrapolated to other populations, their utility decreases markedly. Given the growing relevance of PGS in genetics research—and soon in health settings—this bias must be explored and mitigated. Here, we propose the “Hairpin” method which utilizes a measure of population structure (even-odd chromosome PGS correlation) to identify at which point the PGS model fails due to population stratification and becomes overfit to a population. This failure point, in turn, identifies the cutoff value that we recommend should be used when building PGS in order to increase their portability and facilitate their extrapolation to other populations