6609 research outputs found
Sort by
Interspecies Differences in Food Sources for the Tropical Callichirid Shrimp \u3ci\u3eNeocallichirus\u3c/i\u3e spp. on San Salvador Island, Bahamas
Get PDFAt least 4 species of callichirid shrimp coexist in the shallow marine settings of San Salvador Island, an isolated, small platform of the all-carbonates Bahama Archipelago, implying that interspecific competition or trophic niche segregation occurs between these shrimp species. Carbon and nitrogen stable isotope analyses were conducted on soft tissues of 3 callichirid species, Neocallichirus cacahuate, N. grandimana, and N. maryae, to determine the food sources for each species. These analyses revealed that the isotopic trophic niches for these 3 species do not overlap. The most important food source for all 3 species was manatee grass Syringodium filiforme. The second most important food source for N. cacahuate and N. grandimana was drifting seaweed Sargassum sp., whereas that for N. maryae was turtle grass Thalassia testudium. These food-source adaptations likely contribute to the high species diversity of callichirid shrimp in tropical settings such as those found on San Salvador Island
A Diffusion Network Event History Estimator
Get PDFResearch on the diffusion of political decisions across jurisdictions typically accounts for units’ influence over each other with (1) observable measures or (2) by inferring latent network ties from past decisions. The former approach assumes that interdependence is static and perfectly captured by the data. The latter mitigates these issues but requires analytical tools that are separate from the main empirical methods for studying diffusion. As a solution, we introduce network event history analysis (NEHA), which incorporates latent network inference into conventional discrete-time event history models. We demonstrate NEHA’s unique methodological and substantive benefits in applications to policy adoption in the American states. Researchers can analyze the ties and structure of inferred networks to refine model specifications, evaluate diffusion mechanisms, or test new or existing hypotheses. By capturing targeted relationships unexplained by standard covariates, NEHA can improve models, facilitate richer theoretical development, and permit novel analyses of the diffusion process
Visualizations for User-supported State Space Exploration of Requirements Models
Get PDFAutomated analysis has been used in goal-oriented requirements engineering (GORE) to evaluate scenarios and make trade-off decisions. For higher complexity problems (e.g., backwards analysis), using a search-based solver may be more efficient than custom algorithms. When these black-box solvers produce a single solution, users may be suspicious about whether the given answer is ideal or believable. Users would like to explore the potential solutions but are prevented from doing so because these inquiries often suffer from a state explosion problem. In this RE@Next! paper, we introduce the use of valuation-based filtering and coloring to assist users in understanding a solution space and selecting custom states from it. We use the concrete semantics of modeling requirements in the Evolving Intentions framework and its associated goal modeling tool, BloomingLeaf, to explore the application of these visualization techniques. In our initial evaluation, we demonstrate how these techniques can be used on a fully worked out example. We conduct initial measurements of the time savings and state space reduction created by the valuations and color filtering, and discuss future directions of this project
Modules and Representations up to Homotopy of Lie \u3ci\u3en\u3c/i\u3e-Algebroids
Get PDFThis paper studies differential graded modules and representations up to homotopy of Lie n-algebroids, for general n ∈ N. The adjoint and coadjoint modules are described, and the corresponding split versions of the adjoint and coadjoint representations up to homotopy are explained. In particular, the case of Lie 2-algebroids is analysed in detail. The compatibility of a Poisson bracket with the homological vector field of a Lie n-algebroid is shown to be equivalent to a morphism from the coadjoint module to the adjoint module, leading to an alternative characterisation of non-degeneracy of higher Poisson structures.Moreover, theWeil algebra of a Lie n-algebroid is computed explicitly in terms of splittings, and representations up to homotopy of Lie n-algebroids are used to encode decomposed VB-Lie n-algebroid structures on double vector bundles
Black Time and the Aesthetic Possibility of Objects
No full textThe decades following the civil rights and decolonization movements of the sixties and seventies—termed the post-soul era—created new ways to understand the aesthetics of global racial representation. Daphne Lamothe shows that beginning around 1980 and continuing to the present day, Black literature, art, and music resisted the pull of singular and universal notions of racial identity. Developing the idea of Black aesthetic time —a multipronged theoretical concept that analyzes the ways race and time collide in the process of cultural production—she assesses Black fiction, poetry, and visual and musical texts by Paule Marshall, Zadie Smith, Tracy K. Smith, Dionne Brand, Toyin Ojih Odutola, and Stromae, among others. Lamothe asks how our understanding of Blackness might expand upon viewing racial representation without borders—or, to use her concept, from the permeable, supple place of Black aesthetic time.
Lamothe purposefully focuses on texts told from the vantage point of immigrants, migrants, and city dwellers to conceptualize Blackness as a global phenomenon without assuming the universality or homogeneity of racialized experience. In this new way to analyze Black global art, Lamothe foregrounds migratory subjects poised on thresholds between not only old and new worlds, but old and new selves.https://scholarworks.smith.edu/afr_books/1009/thumbnail.jp
Meridians: 22:1 BIPOC Europe
Get PDFThis special issue, guest edited by leading scholars of BIPOC Europe Nana Osei-Kofi and Shirley Ann Tate, although focused on contemporary populations, prompts us to remember that BIPOC Europe has a long, albeit relatively underrecognized history (Ramey 2016). By definition, to speak of Black, Indigenous, and People of Color in Europe implies that these populations are distinctive from the presumptively white European. Yet European whiteness is neither natural nor long-standing. Rather, it is an invention resulting from modernity’s settler colonial, colonial, and imperialist projects in Africa, the Americas, Asia, the Indian subcontinent, and Australia, as are the designations Black, Indigenous, of Color, and their sundry precursor labels for Europe’s targeted peoples and places.https://scholarworks.smith.edu/soc_books/1014/thumbnail.jp
Humans Against Large Language Models on Hard Paraphrase Detection Tasks
Get PDFThe ability to recognize that pairs or sets of language expressions “mean the same thing” is a cognitive task for which meaning representation is clearly a central issue. This paper uses the task of paraphrasing to study meaning representation in a cognitive system. The main claim is that a consequential part of the meaning representation for a natural language expression is a set of language-free structures that are not part of the expression in question. To support this claim, we construct a corpus of paraphrase pairs using a system that has a non-linguistic meaning represen- tation decoupled from the linguistic system that generates natural language from it. This corpus of paraphrase pairs is special in that it represents a full range of syntactic and lexical difference in its constituent sentences. We conduct an extensive analysis that compares the performance of a neural network model and humans on the paraphrase detection task. We find that, unlike humans, the model fails to recognize paraphrases when the sentences use different words and syntactic structures to convey the same meaning. As the neural network model is trained only on linguistic items, the discrepancy points to the existence of a substantial non-linguistic part of meaning formation
Big Ideas in Sports Analytics and Statistical Tools for their Investigation
Get PDFSports analytics—broadly defined as the pursuit of improvement in athletic performance through the analysis of data—has expanded its footprint both in the professional sports industry and in academia over the past 30 years. In this article, we connect four big ideas that are common across multiple sports: the expected value of a game state, win probability, measures of team strength, and the use of sports betting market data. For each, we explore both the shared similarities and individual idiosyncracies of analytical approaches in each sport. While our focus is on the concepts underlying each type of analysis, any implementation necessarily involves statistical methodologies, computational tools, and data sources. Where appropriate, we outline how data, models, tools, and knowledge of the sport combine to generate actionable insights. We also describe opportunities to share analytical work, but omit an in-depth discussion of individual player evaluation as beyond our scope. This article should serve as a useful overview for anyone becoming interested in the study of sports analytics
Dactyloidites ottoi (Geinitz, 1849) in Bahamian Pleistocene Carbonates: A Shallowest-marine Indicator
No full textBook Abstract: Mesozoic Biological Events and Ecosystems in East Asia covers a wide range of topics, encompassing palaeoenvironments, palaeoecosystems and important vertebrate, invertebrate and plant fossils, some found in amber with excellent preservation of delicate morphological features. Fifty-three authors from a number of different disciplines - geochronology, palaeontology, stratigraphy, sedimentology, tectonics and geochemistry - contribute to the 18 articles in the volume. Well-preserved fossils and rocks continue to be found from marine and terrestrial sediments across East Asia. Over some years, the palaeontological and geological evidence discovered from this region has significantly improved our understanding of Mesozoic environments. In discussing feathered dinosaurs, primitive birds, early mammals, diverse insects, amber inclusions, the oldest-known flowers and research utilizing new, advanced methods, this volume explores Earth\u27s history in even greater detail. What other exciting discoveries are waiting to be unveiled in the future? Source: Publisherhttps://scholarworks.smith.edu/geo_books/1001/thumbnail.jp
Fragmented Communities, Anxious Identities
Get PDFBook abstract:
The return of Jews to their ancestral land can be seen as an act of imagination. A new country, citizenship, language, and institutions needed to be imagined in order to be created. The arts, too, have contributed to this act of envisioning and shaping the Jewish state. By examining artistic representations of Israel, Imagined Israel(s): Representations of the Jewish State in the Arts explores the ways in which the Israel imagined abroad and the one conjured within the country intersect, offering a space for the co-existence of sociopolitical, cultural, and ideological differences and tensions. Source: Publisherhttps://scholarworks.smith.edu/the_books/1005/thumbnail.jp