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Resilience, Race, and Sexual Orientation as Predictors of Posttraumatic Growth in Smith College Students During the COVID-19 Pandemic
No full textThe COVID-19 pandemic has brought about many challenges, perhaps especially for those with marginalized identities such as the lesbian, gay, bisexual, queer (LGBQ) community and racial minorities (People of Color; POC). The COVID-19 pandemic has been accompanied by heightened discrimination against Asian individuals due to the origin of the virus and disproportionate hospitalization and COVID-related deaths in Black and Latinx communities. Despite the unparalleled stressors imposed by this pandemic, some groups have been resilient and some have even experienced posttraumatic growth (PTG). The present study assessed how race, sexual orientation, and the intersection of these two marginalized identities (e.g. LGBQ-POC) may be related to pre-COVID resilience, social support, use of coping mechanisms, and posttraumatic growth. A sample of 370 Smith College students completed self-report measures of these variables. There were significant differences in the amount of PTG experienced between minority and majority groups and that their resilience was positively correlated with PTG. Specifically, POC reported more PTG while LGBQ reported less PTG. Problem-focused coping was the primary mediator of the relationship between resilience and PTG, with family social support and emotion-focused coping also mediating this relationship. Minority identity categories (POC, LGBQ, or LGBQ-POC) did not moderate these mediations. The findings of this study suggest that although minority groups differed from majority groups in achieving posttraumatic growth, the path to posttraumatic growth is similar for all groups, regardless of identity and that the most robust way to achieve this growth is through problem-focused coping
Measurements of Ear-Canal Geometry from High-Resolution CT Scans of Human Adult Ears
Get PDFDescription of the ear canal’s geometry is essential for describing peripheral sound flow, yet physical measurements of the canal’s geometry are lacking and recent measurements suggest that older-adult-canal areas are systematically larger than previously assumed. Methods to measure ear-canal geometry from multi-planar reconstructions of high-resolution CT images were developed and applied to 66 ears from 47 subjects, ages 18–90 years. The canal’s termination, central axis, entrance, and first bend were identified based on objective definitions, and the canal’s cross-sectional area was measured along its canal’s central axis in 1-2 mm increments. In general, left and right ears from a given subject were far more similar than measurements across subjects, where areas varied by factors of 2-3 at many locations. The canal areas varied systematically with age cohort at the first-bend location, where canal-based measurement probes likely sit; young adults (18-30 years) had an average area of 44 mm 2 whereas older adults (61-90 years) had a significantly larger average area of 69 mm 2. Across all subjects ages 18-90, measured means ± standard deviations included: canals termination area at the tympanic annulus 56 ± 8 mm 2; area at the canal’s first bend 53 ± 18 mm 2 ; area at the canal’s entrance 97 ± 24 mm 2 ; and canal length 31 . 4 ± 3 . 1 mm 2
The Poetics of Landkentenish: Elkhonen Vogler, Forgotten Poet of Yung-Vilne
No full textBook Summary: Polish Jewish Culture beyond the Capital: Centering the Periphery is a path-breaking exploration of the diversity and vitality of urban Jewish identity and culture in Polish lands from the second half of the nineteenth century to the outbreak of the Second World War (1899-1939). In this multidisciplinary essay collection, a cohort of international scholars provides an integrated history of the arts and humanities in Poland by illuminating the complex roles Jews in urban centers other than Warsaw played in the creation of Polish and Polish Jewish culture. Each essay presents readers with the extraordinary production and consumption of culture by Polish Jews in literature, film, cabaret, theater, the visual arts, architecture, and music. They show how this process was defined by a reciprocal cultural exchange that flourished between cities at the periphery-from Lwów and Wilno to Kraków and Łódź-and international centers like Warsaw, thereby illuminating the place of Polish Jews within urban European cultures -- Provided by publisher.https://scholarworks.smith.edu/jud_books/1007/thumbnail.jp
Student Mistakes in Elite School Classrooms: Teacher Reflections and Reported Instructional Strategies
Get PDFThis article explores how teachers respond to student mistakes in one educational setting—an elite private high school. This qualitative study is a thematic analysis of in-depth, semi-structured interviews with teachers at one such school. The results reveal that in their responses to student mistakes, the teachers work to build trust and emotional safety, give students agency throughout the learning and feedback processes, and ask probing questions that rigorously challenge their thinking. By considering teacher accounts of their instructional approaches and past experiences, the study adds a context-specific, real-world perspective on how teachers in an elite school frame student mistakes
Better Policy Interventions Through Intersectionality
Get PDFDeployment of intersectionality frameworks in policy design and implementation is a way to ensure that the means and goals of interventions are congruent with target populations’ understanding of their circumstances, their desired outcomes, and their empowerment. In this paper, we examine the ways concepts from psychology have been used to inform interventions and policies, and we use an intersectional lens to suggest improvements to these interventions to be more inclusive in their impact. We review three social policy interventions that were developed based on social psychological research: (1) sexual assault prevention programs based on bystander interventions; (2) so-called “wise schooling” programs, intended to ameliorate gaps in academic achievement stemming from stereotype threat; and (3) programs aiming to foster pro-environmental behavior, specifically, recyling. Following Cole\u27s (2009) recommendations for using intersectionality in research in psychology together with the guiding principles that define Intersectionality-Based Policy Analysis (Hankivsky et al., 2014), we interrogate how the psychological research that provides the foundation for these policies informs them at different points in the policy cycle and suggest alternatives designed to more equitably address these problems. Our analysis shows that these problems demand a multi-level analysis that recognizes intersecting identities
The Future is an Open Door: Interfaith Collaborations to Combat White Christian Nationalist Violence in Synagogues and at the Border
No full textDevelopment of a Sandwich Formula Implementation Code for MCNP
No full textIn recent decades, the US Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC) has been transitioning from a conservative method of reactor safety analysis to a “Best Estimate Plus Uncertainty” (BEPU) method. This switch allows for greater levels of optimization in reactor systems by using more accurate model inputs but also requires sufficient tools to perform the uncertainty analysis. One contributor of uncertainty that is of great interest to the National Nuclear Data Center (NNDC) at Brookhaven National Laboratory is how the uncertainty on nuclear data, characterized by covariances, propagates through and biases model results. The neutronics code MCNP (Monte Carlo N-Particle transport code) developed by Los Alamos National Laboratory is the gold-standard code for modeling the transport of neutrons in reactors and is used to calculate the effective neutron multiplication factor, keff. However, MCNP cannot perform uncertainty quantification (UQ) for nuclear data inputs. Other neutron transport code packages, such as SCALE and Serpent, have implemented the sandwich formula to accomplish this task. Therefore, the goal of this work was to build an external sandwich formula widget to pair with MCNP. The sandwich formula is a UQ method that calculates the uncertainty on keff by multiplying nuclear data covariances with the neutron-transport code’s sensitivity coefficients. The software package includes a script which can manage the running of NJOY2016 to produce covariance matrices from ENDF/B-VIII.0 and ENDF/B-VII.1 nuclear data files. The widget can process NJOY output files and MCNP keff sensitivity (KSEN) cards to calculate uncertainty with the sandwich formula. The widget was validated by using the TSUNAMI code within the SCALE package and was found to produce results within the same orders of magnitude as expected in all cases. A test case is detailed here, in which the sandwich formula widget is used on an NBSR single-assembly fuel element model and was found to have a total uncertainty of 1.09% Δk/k on a keff value of 1.40276, with fresh fuel. This tool is intended to illuminate both how nuclear data covariances as a whole propagate to uncertainty on keff and to quantify the extent to which individual isotopes bias MCNP calculations. It is expected that this software package will further the work of reactor physicists and nuclear data evaluators by providing uncertainty data that informs the design of new reactor fuel and simultaneously provides feedback to data evaluators about the effect of their evaluations on fuel models