Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations

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    Learning highlights

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    With its high vulnerability to climate change and diverse landscape, Nepal is one of the most disaster-prone countries in the world. Floods are a particularly serious concern in the low-lying Terai region, which experiences annual flooding during the monsoon season after periods of incessant rainfall. This flooding inundates croplands, significantly threatening livelihoods and national food security, as the Terai region is known as the country's food baseket. In 2024, severe flooding in Nepal’s Koshi River Basin triggered the Anticipatory Action (AA) Framework for floods under the Central Emergency Response Fund (CERF). Within this framework, FAO supported the agriculture sector by disseminating tailored early warning messages and distributing hermetic storage bags to vulnerable households. Building on lessons from that activation, FAO organized a flood simulation exercise in April 2025 in two rural municipalities of Madhesh Province.The simulation focused on two core components: last-mile dissemination of early warning messages and the distribution of hermetic bags, with a particular focus on refining targeting criteria for beneficiary list development and testing delivery mechanisms in a controlled environment. This document provides an overview of the simulation development and execution process and highlights lessons learned from the exercise, which served to strengthen the preparedness of FAO country staff and volunteers for future activations

    In Brief – Integrating blue foods into national climate strategies

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    Aquatic food systems are increasingly recognized as an essential contributor of adaptation and mitigation solutions in national climate strategies, while safeguarding food and nutrition security for billions of people. With countries submitting updated nationally determined contributions (NDCs), there is a timely opportunity to scale up climate action on aquatic foods. This brochure summarizes key policy options for aquaculture, drawing on the NDC-Fish guidelines launched in 2024 by FAO together with partner organizations including the Stanford Center for Ocean Solutions, WorldFish, the Beijer Institute of Ecological Economics, CARE, and the Environmental Defense Fund

    CL 179/13.1 - Membership of the WFP Executive Board

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    DLCC - 41th session (2019) Additional papers

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    Policy Recommendations

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    By 2050, the world’s urban population is expected to nearly double, making urbanization one of the twenty-first century’s most transformative trends . Considering that out of the 2.33 billion people who are moderately or severely food insecure in the world, 1.7 billion live in urban and peri-urban areas , this rapid urban growth represents a significant global food security ad nutrition challenge as well as an opportunity, taking into account the rural-urban continuum and linkages, including rural livelihoods and investments. Urbanization and peri-urbanizationresult from interconnected transformations in demography, economies, culture, social systems, land use and technology and innovation. Understanding the changes occurring throughout agriculture and food systems requires therefore adopting a rural–urban continuum lens. This approach allows highlighting the growing interconnectedness of urban, peri-urban and rural areas as a foundation for addressing socio-economic dynamics, planning effective resource production and distribution, and developing policies that reflect the complex realities of these interlinked communities. Building on a rural-urban continuum approach, the following CFS policy recommendations are envisioned as a focused, action-oriented guidance tool to strengthen urban and peri-urban food systems to achieve food security and nutrition in the context of urbanization and rural transformation and contribute to the progressive realization of the right to adequate food in the context of national food security, while taking into account multiple challenges such as climate change, including extreme weather events and slow onset events, loss of biodiversity, ecosystem degradation and desertification, political instability, economic downturns, debt and debt sustainability , increasing inequality, conflicts, man-made and natural disasters and rapid and unplanned urbanization, and contributing to achieving all Sustainable Development Goals according to national priorities and contexts

    Monthly Report on Food Price Trends

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    استقرت أسعار الذرة عالميًا خلال أكتوبر/تشرين الأول 2025 وسط وفرة الإمدادات، وتراجع المخاوف المتعلقة بغلال الولايات المتحدة والتطورات على الساحة التجارية ما بين الصين والولايات المتحدة الأمريكية. وفي ذات الآونة، تقلبت أسعار القمح عالميًا في بلدان المنشأ، إلا أن هذه التقلبات بقيت ضمن السيطرة. أما بالنسبة لأسعار الأرز على المستوى الدولي فقد تراجعت مدفوعة بحدة المنافسة على الأسواق وانطلاق أعمال حصاد المحصول الرئيس في عديد من البلدان المصدرة للمنتج. وفي الأسواق المحلية الخاضعة لمراقبة منظمة الأغذية والزراعة، سجلت أسعار الحبوب انخفاضًا موسميًا في شتى المناطق على مدى شهري سبتمبر/أيلول وأكتوبر/تشرين الأول 2025، وهو ما يتفق مع اتجاهات ما بعد الحصاد. كما تراجعت أسعار الذرة في أمريكا الوسطى والجنوب الأفريقي، في حين انكمشت أسعار الحبوب الخشنة في غرب أفريقيا. والأمر سيّان بالنسبة لأسعار الأرز في الشرق الأقصى من آسيا وأمريكا الجنوبية، حيث تراجعت هي الأخرى على خلفية تحسن الإمدادات من الحصاد الذي استكمل مؤخرًا. أما أسعار القمح ودقيق القمح فقد شهدت حالة من الاستقرار أو التراجع في أمريكا الجنوبية وشرق أوروبا والقوقاز وآسيا الوسطى، مدعومة بوفرة الإمدادات. لكن بالمقابل، ارتفعت أسعار القمح في البلدان الآسيوية وعلى رأسها أفغانستان وباكستان على خلفية الأضرار التي لحقت بالمحاصيل والمخزونات جراء أحوال الطقس المناوئة. وفي بقاع مختلفة من الشرق الأدنى ما فتئ ضعف قيمة العملات وقطع المعونات يتسبب في زيادات طالت أسعار الحبوب قياسًا بقيمها قبل عام. أما في شرق أفريقيا، فقد حافظت أسعار الحبوب الخشنة على مستوياتها المرتفعة مقارنة بقيم نظيرتها قبل عام في عديد من البلدان، وبخاصة في جنوب السودان والسودان. وفي ولاية شمال دارفور بالسودان، حلّقت الأسعار في سوق الفاشر على خلفية معوقات الوصول إلى الأسواق بشكل كبير وسط احتدام النزاعات والحصار المتواصل المفروض على المدين

    Financing the transformation of agrifood systems for food security and nutrition

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    The Near East and North Africa (NENA) region faces a fragile food security landscape, shaped by inequality, conflict, climate extremes, and price volatility. While the FAO Food Price Index remained stable in August 2025, fertilizer costs and soaring regional food inflation continued to strain households. Prices rose an average of 33.8 percent year-on-year, with Palestine and Libya experiencing inflation close to 200 percent. Agricultural output for 2024/25 varied: Tunisia reported above-average cereal harvests, while Morocco, Algeria, and Lebanon saw sharp declines due to drought, heat, or conflict. Egypt’s irrigated systems provided stability, but long-term risks from rising temperatures persist. For 2025/26, North Africa’s wheat production is expected to grow 4.2 percent, while the Near East faces a 10.4 percent decline.Food insecurity hotspots remain severe, with famine confirmed in Gaza, affecting nearly two million people, while Yemen and Sudan face worsening crises. Governments are responding with measures such as expanding grain reserves, investing in renewable energy and climate-smart irrigation, and pursuing concessional financing. Yet limited fiscal space and subsidy distortions hinder progress. The bulletin’s focus highlights financing agrifood system transformation, stressing repurposed support, innovative financial instruments, and regional platforms like the Transformational Impact Partnership to mobilize resources and build resilience

    Primary production – Section 2

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    Le présent document d’orientation donne des instructions détaillées sur la façon de détecter les dangers potentiels à l’étape de la production primaire et donne des informations sur la manière de maîtriser ces dangers.Les activités liées à l’élevage, dont l’aquaculture, aux cultures agraires, à la chasse et à la pêche peuvent porter de multiples dangers dans la chaîne alimentaire à l’étape de la production primaire. La sécurité sanitaire des aliments tout au long de la chaîne de valeur ne peut être assurée que si les activités liées à la production primaire sont gérées de façon à réduire le risque d’introduire un contaminant susceptible de compromettre la sécurité sanitaire de l’aliment ou de rendre celui-ci impropre à la consommation

    Comparative analysis of case studies: Brazil, Italy, and Thailand

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    Este análisis comparativa busca extraer lecciones sobre los arreglos institucionales y enfoques de intervención implementados en Brasil, Italia y Tailandia para promover el empoderamiento y las oportunidades económicas de los jóvenes rurales, en contextos donde la agricultura familiar enfrenta escasez de mano de obra, baja productividad y migración juvenil. La comparación de estos casos permite identificar factores clave para la renovación generacional en la agricultura familiar.Los tres países analizados enfrentan un acelerado envejecimiento de sus agricultores y han desarrollado mecanismos de financiamiento rural y apoyo al emprendimiento juvenil que consideran el acceso a la tierra, activos productivos, desarrollo de capacidades y tecnología como pilares para la modernización y sostenibilidad de las explotaciones familiares.Estos mecanismos combinan incentivos para el relevo generacional, créditos y subsidios de distinta magnitud, junto con apoyo directo al fortalecimiento de capacidades de las y los jóvenes agricultores. Asimismo, integran la participación de organizaciones de agricultores, favoreciendo el autoempleo juvenil y su inserción en las cadenas de valor agropecuarias

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