Europe’s Journal of Psychology (PsychOpen)
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Suicide Ideation and Psychopathology Among Adolescents
No full textSuicides are linked to feelings of depression and hopelessness. Other factors in suicide include anxiety, drug abuse, problems in school or at work, and social problems. Aim of the present investigation is to know the differences between male and female adolescents. The sample consists of 50 (25 male and 25 female) subjects drawn from district Hardwar. The age of all subjects ranged from 15 to 18 years (mean 16.5 years) and majority of the subjects belonged to middle socio-economic status. All the tests were administered on the sample in-group setting in classrooms. Over the centuries, suicide had different meanings. Males of all the ages commit suicide at a higher rate than females although females attempt suicide more often than males. Suicide rates in India have shown a gradually increasing trend. Study reveals that male adolescents have scored significantly higher on the measures of suicidal ideation, whereas male adolescents have more psychological impairment on psychopathic deviation (Pp). There is significance gender difference on the measure of suicide ideation
Communication and representation in the construction of the European identity
No full textOur study deals with the issue of the relationship between what is conveyed through mass media and what is represented and organized socially in the form of social reality. The first part of our study focuses on theoretical aspects of this relation, by defining and explaining concepts such as mass-communication, social reality, social representation, cognition, imaginary, and social identity, along with trying to understand the specific relation between these concepts. The second part aims to present and briefly reproduce some of the conclusions of one of our study on European identity, in close relation with the issue of the way in which social representations are constructed from the initial message of the sender with the affective, cognitive and imaginary participation of the receiver
Emotional Competence and Leadership Excellence at Johnson & Johnson
No full textA study was conducted on three hundred and fifty-eight Managers across the Johnson & Johnson Consumer & Personal Care Group (JJC&PC Group) globally to assess if there are specific leadership competencies that distinguish high performers from average performers. Participants were randomly selected, then coded for performance rating, potential code, gender, functional group and regional area. More than fourteen hundred employees took part in a one hundred and eighty three question multi-rater survey that measured a variety of competencies associated with leadership performance including those commonly referred to as Emotional Intelligence. Results showed that the highest performing managers have significantly more “emotional competence” than other managers. There was strong inter-rater agreement among Supervisors, Peers, and Subordinates that the competencies of Self-Confidence, Achievement Orientation, Initiative, Leadership, Influence and Change Catalyst differentiate superior performers. The high potential managers received higher scores in the emotional competencies by Peers and Supervisors, but not by Subordinates. Some gender difference was found, with Supervisors rating Females higher in Adaptability and Service Orientation, while Peers rated Females higher on Emotional Self-Awareness, Conscientiousness, Developing Others, Service Orientation, and Communication. Direct reports scored Males higher in Change Catalyst
Humor, an Antidote to Life’s Incongruities
No full textOur interviewee John Morreall, PhD, Professor of religion at the College of William and Mary, has been studying humor for more than 25 years. He is the current president of the International Society for Humor Studies. Morreall teaches several courses at William and Mary, “Comedy, Tragedy and Religion”, “Modern Religious Thought”, “Theory and Method in the Study of Religion”, and “Roman Catholicism Since 1800″. He has given more than 400 talks and seminars on humor in the United States, Canada, Europe and Japan
Formation Conditions of Corporate Social Responsibility in Organizational Culture
No full textCorporate social responsibility is societal expectation of corporate behavior: behaviors that are felt by the stakeholders to be socially or morally required. Value orientation of the managers is extremely important in shaping their perception of the importance for the enterprise to focus attention and act according to its social responsibility. There is a further expression of social responsibility relating to the values that managers might observe. This area is normally known as business ethics, referred to as the role of the individual in the organization. Under the current economical and globalization conditions, companies in Latvia have to be aware of the importance of the enterprises’ social responsibility in the formation of a successful long term development, efficient working environment and company’s publicity. It is crucial for enterprises in Latvia to incorporate the principles of social responsibility in company mottos, in their values, organizational culture and planning. This study investigates the relationship between organizational values and sensitivity to corporate social responsibility among current employees and business students. Using a questionnaire on value orientation, survey data was collected from a sample of 618 employees in enterprises and banks, 100 clerks of public sector and 125 first year business students. The results of the study show some groups of employees that are remarkably different in relation to their social responsibility. Informal education that is provided by employers is an important way and efficient means how to make the ideas of social responsibility understandable and acceptable among the employees. However, given the objective differences among the employees, usage of the same study methods and forms in all organizations is impossible. Therefore, in order to ensure the quality and efficiency of studies, it is necessary to learn the individual qualities and differences of the employees
Sexual Dysfunctions
No full textIn this paper, Sexual Dysfunctions are explained in terms of DSM-IV-TR criteria. Information about prevalence and occurrence rates is specified. Phases of sexual intercourse is explicated which enhance knowledge about disorders. Physiological factors such as reproductive life cycle, urinary track infections, diabetes, cardiopathies and drug side-effects and past and current psychological conditions are explained to assess the basis of sexual dysfunctions. Influence of variables on treatment is underlined with respect to different therapeutic tools, techniques and methods. Outcome and effectiveness research support evaluated. Lastly, important aspects in the course of therapy, elements and key concepts that would be beneficial for successful outcome are discussed
Evolutionary Psychology Insights Regarding Human Sexuality
No full textEvolutionary psychology has presented important insights about many areas, with human sexuality being one of the areas of important insights. Some contributions of evolutionary psychology to six areas are discussed here: Sexual Intercourse vs. Masturbation, Preference by Aging Males for Younger and Younger Females, Ovulation and Female Sexuality, Differences in Male and Female Jealousy, Waist to Hip Ratio, and Childhood Deprivation and Earlier Pregnancy. Also, the importance of realizing that many behaviors are unconsciously motivated is discussed
Instructional Clarity: The Effect of Bilingualism and Instructor’s Preparation
No full textTeacher’s talk is an expected and extensive routine of classroom life. Many aspects of Instructional clarity as a preparation to the lecture were addressed already by many authors (e.g., Gliessman, Pugh, Brown, Archer, and Snyder, 1989; Metclaf, 1992; Hiller, 1971; Rogien, 1995; Rosenshine and Furst, 1971). In spite instructional clarity having waned from research studies in recent years, it is still alive with respect to bilingual instructions and their outcomes. The work is going in the American and World Universities with respect to the training of bilingual’s teacher and it contact with students. Bilingualism can affect the instructor clarity, because knowledge of English among bilinguals is usually not the same as that of the monolingual (English) instructors (e.g, Best, McRoberts, and Goodal, 2001; Snow, 1993; Strange, Yamada, Kubo, Trent, and Niski, 2001)