Europe’s Journal of Psychology (PsychOpen)
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Interview with Dr. Ulrich von Hecker
No full textOur interviewee is Dr. Ulrich von Hecker, PhD, researcher and lecturer in social psychology at Cardiff University. His research interests are in the area of social cognition, in particular the link between cognition and emotion. Dr. von Hecker studies how social schemata shape the way we perceive groups and social relations around us and involving us, and how social perception is affected by states of dysphoria and depression. He is also interested in power processes in small groups, and in the way we use language in the attributions of interpersonal events. His most recent project is on the neural correlates of generative reasoning in subclinical depression
Relationship between Scholastic Activities and Creativity Among Secondary School Students in the State of Kuwait
No full textThis study was conducted based on the desire of the Administration of Scholastic Activities in The State of Kuwait to evaluate the reality of the various fields of creative scholastic activities in the secondary school . The rationale underlying this study is that students’ mental maturity entails teachers with the same level of creativity and inclination to innovation in order to cope with the ever-occurring educational changes. This is important since some school administrations are still unconvinced with the educational and psychological significance of scholastic activities, and consequently they hinder the implementation of activity programs. Besides, some teachers and school activity supervisors are not specialists and funds for scholastic activities are sufficient. The aforementioned reasons constituted the desire of the Administration of Scholastic Activities in The State of Kuwait to improve the condition of creative school activities and eliminate whatever obstacles their effective application in schools. More specifically, the present study addressed the following question: “Do creative scholastic activities perform the desired educational role in the Kuwaiti secondary schools?” That is, the study sought to explore the reality of scholastic activities, and diagnose whatever obstacles their application and propose how to eliminate such obstacles, so activities can play their desired educational role
Metaphorical Representations of the Consultancy and the Consultant in Romania (2)
No full textThe present study was conducted on constructivist analytical frame and it concentrated on the metaphorical representations of the HR specialists about the HR consultants and, generally, about the consultancy process. The study has been developed during January February 2005, by D&D Research, with the participation of HR-Romania. The methodology was mostly quantitative, based on the deployment of 188 questionnaires by face-to-face administration, but, also, by the respondent’s self-evaluation
Effects of Task Demands in the Auditory Attentional Blink
No full textAuditory perception may be modified by attentional mechanisms. Forward informational masking, an attentional phenomenon, was studied as a function of time and task demands. A rapid auditory presentation (RAP) task involving timbre-based streaming of to-be-attended sound signals from distractors was used to assess the report of a to-be-attended signal (Probe; “P”). The experiment consisted of a sequence of distractors alone, or following another to-be-attended signal (Target; “T”), in various conditions. Participants (29 undergraduate psychology students) were asked either to simply detect or to identify P at various Stimulus Onset Asynchronies (SOAs) after T. Learning effects were also examined. Response task was found to be irrelevant to decrements, while decrements were generally ameliorated as SOA increased, and as experience with the tasks increased. These performance decrements represent an auditory attentional blink
The Degree of Uncertainty Avoidance Present in Croatian and American Undergraduate Students; a Comparative Analysis
No full text25 years ago, Culture’s Consequences was published. This text, the result of analyzing over 116,000 surveys collected from within IBM, identified 4 cultural dimensions which would go on to become recognized as one of the most important set of cultural dimensions, and which would be replicated and expanded upon on a broad scale (Bass, 1990; Adler, 1997). Culture’s Consequences contained information from Yugoslavia, information that was later broken down according to the area in which it was collected, resulting in cultural scores for Slovenia, Croatia, and Serbia (Hofstede, 1996, 2001). Since this original research was conducted in 1971, no further testing of Hofstede’s original findings has been carried out in Croatia. The research presented in this paper focused on one of Hofstede’s four dimensions in particular: uncertainty avoidance. Research was carried out which tested the degree of this dimension demonstrated by Croatian and American undergraduate students. In contrast to Hofstede’s original research, the American sample was found to be higher in uncertainty avoidance than the Croatian sample
Police Officers Over Career Stages: Satisfaction and Well Being (1)
No full textThis study compared work experiences, work satisfactions and psychological well-being of police officers in constable jobs across five career stages using age cutoffs. These stages were: 32 years of age or younger, 33 to 37, 38-42, 43-47 and 48 years or older. Data were collected from 466 police officers in Norway using anonymously completed questionnaires. The five career stage groups differed on personal demographic and work situation characteristics (e.g., shift schedule, police tenure) related to age. Constables in early career stages reported more favourable work outcomes, greater social support, less exhaustion and cynicism, fewer subjective health complaints and better over-all health. There were also many areas where the career stage groups were similar (e.g., job demands, job satisfaction). The findings suggest the importance of particularly responding to the needs of constables in later career stages
Prevalence, symptomatology, and risk factors for depression among high school students in Saudi Arabia
No full textHypothesis: Most studies of depressed mood and its correlates in adolescents have been conducted in Western countries. The present large scale epidemiological study was designed to assess the prevalence and pattern of depression in a secondary school sample of Saudi Arabia adolescents.Methods: A Cross-sectional survey, using the Arabic Beck’s Depression Inventory (BDI), by a team consisting of a psychiatrist and psychologist has been conducted.Participants: Secondary school students (n = 490, 306 males “62.4 %” and 184 females “37.6 %”) of age group from (16 to 20).Results: The prevalence of depression according to the Beck Depression Inventory (CBDI) (cut-off point: 19) was 110 (22.4 %) as moderate (19-29), 36 (7.3 %) as severe (30-40), and 18 (3.7%) as very severe (> 40) in this study group, with a clear predominance prevalence of depression in girls than in boys (1.5 times).Multivariate logistic regression analysis demonstrated that the most significant risk factors involved were: sex, birth order, history of psychiatric illness, history of relative loss, and familial history of chronic diseases. Factor analysis revealed that self criticalness, agitation, and loss of energy had the highest scores in the total sample. In the male subgroup, loss of energy, self criticalness, punishment feeling and agitation had the highest score while in the female subgroup, self criticalness, agitation, and crying had the highest scores.Conclusion: Our findings provide gender differences in the prevalence and presentation of depressive symptoms. The experience of a stressful life events increase the risk of depression. Assessment using screening is recommended. The increased risk for the onset of depression in adolescents reinforces the importance of early recognition and intervention.
Effect Of Chronic Disease On Romantic Partner Choice
No full textBackground: Interpersonal attraction is influenced by many factors like physical attraction, similarity or proximity. The impact of chronic illnesses on romantic relationships hasn’t been studied very deeply. Method. An experimental study was completed in order to analyze how the chronic disease influences the choice of a romantic partner and the compensatory role of partner’s personality traits on relationship assessment. Five hundred and forty undergraduate students (270 men and 270 women from 18 to 31 years old) participated in this experiment. Results. The effect of chronic disease upon romantic partner’s choice proved to depend on the type of partner’s personality traits. The positive personality traits compensated the physical chronic disease and the chronic diseases compensated the negative traits of personality. This study is one of the few done in this field and brought valuable information’s about ill person’s assessment as a partner in a romantic relationship