Europe’s Journal of Psychology (PsychOpen)
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The Development of the Brief Social Desirability Scale (BSDS)
No full textTopic: The objective of this work is to devise a brief, practical, reliable and valid social desirability instrument for use in contexts where a short scale is useful for example in the assessment of social desirability factor in psychiatric patients. Hypothesis: Social Desirability factor which is the tendency to respond in a socially desirable manner to attitudinal questionnaires affects the validity of attitudinal questionnaires. Method & Participants: A five-item social desirability factor was devised using themes from a written record of patients’ conversation and cross-validated on 61 subjects. Reliability was computed using Cronbach Alpha method. The result is a brief reliable and valid 4-item social desirability scale. Conclusion & Significance: The Brief Social Desirability Scale (BSDS) has the advantages of brevity and practicality. It can be used before administering attitudinal surveys in order to factor in the effect of the social desirability on attitudinal questionnaires. BSDS is preferred in many test situations where the administration time is limited or subjects are unable to bear lengthy questionnaires and the related drop in reliability due to brevity of the scale remains tolerable
An Alternative Support Model to the Medical Model of Medication for Long Term Schizophrenia
No full textSome historical background to schizophrenia is also outlined. The theory is that alternative support like long term clinical hypnotherapy and long term CBT plus psychotherapy and counselling is effective in helping some schizophrenics to reduce their medications to improve their quality of life
Cock Fights and the Balinese Male Psyche
No full textThis essay deals with the social, religious and sexual dimensions of cockfighting in Bali and the roles it plays in Balinese culture. It considers unconscious attitudes Balinese men may have about their penises and hidden anxieties they may have about circumcision and castration generated by attendance at cockfights
SPAARS Approach: Integrated cognitive model of emotion of Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder
No full textSPAARS (Schematic, Propositional, Analogical and Associative Representational Systems) is the integrated cognitive model of emotion proposed by Power & Dalgleish (1997). In SPAARS, emotions are described as appraisal based against an individual’s goals and this makes the theory functional in nature. The theory proposes two routes for the generation of emotions, namely a direct one in which the appraisals have become automatized and the other where these are still not automatized. It provides a useful approach within which both basic and complex emotions can readily be understood. The theory can also be applied for explaining the disorders of emotion and it can be used to generate novel therapeutic interventions for them. In the current review, the SPAARS approach in conjunction with the theory proposed by Nigg and Casey (2005) has been applied for understanding ADHD. According to Nigg & Casey, affective deficits in ADHD could be due to problems with either approach or avoidance emotions. These problems have been explained with the help of appraisals and reinforcement learning within the SPAARS framework. Interventions that follow logically from the SPAARS framework have also been suggested
Over Age in Marital Status and Submissiveness as Determinant of Suicide Ideation in adults
No full textAssertiveness trait of an individual is straight forwardness in all dealings of life. The person has independence in nature, non convincing with other’s ideas, and dominance in behavior in general, whereas submissiveness keeps his ideas to himself only, not dare to open her mouth, fearful to meet and exchange views with others, accept subordination and act as others say, hesitant to oppose other’s views
Handbook of Research Methods in Industrial and Organizational Psychology
No full textTo cover an extensive topic such as research methods in organizational psychology is most definitely an ambitious goal. Nowadays more than ever researchers and practitioners are dealing with an overwhelming variety of methods and designs. With these new concerns arise, among them the problem of choosing the most adequate methodology, of increasing the validity of our instruments, of collecting and reporting data while respecting research ethics
Personality Traits And Feeling Of Loneliness In Unemployed Youths
No full textUnemployment has been a recurring social problem throughout the century and bringing a mental health problem. In addition to feelings of excitement and anticipation, there may also be the feelings of loneliness. Loneliness is an important personality variable. Aim of the present investigation is to know the effect of personality traits on the perception of perceived loneliness in unemployed youths. The sample consists of 200 subjects within the age group of 26-32 yrs of age drawn from district Haridwar, clear demarcations were observed in the groups of different levels of personality traits on perceived lonelines
A Mind for Structure: Exploring the Roots of Intelligent Systems
No full textThis book is an attempt to offer foundations for understanding the evolution and nature of cognitive functions. It argues that what has been missing is a full appreciation of the complexity of environmental change; how it furnishes important dynamic structure; and how the increasing complexity, and associated abstraction, of that structure, has driven the evolution of complex systems, especially of cognitive functions. The book shows how recent dynamic systems theory is leading to a better appreciation of environmental structure and how the origins of life itself are based on such structure. The book then goes on to illustrate evolving capacities for the abstraction of structure in genetic and epigenetic systems; in cell signalling and developmental systems; and in perceptual and cognitive systems, reaching a new potency in human socio-cognitive abilities. The idea has many implications for research and theory on the human mind; for the goals and purposes of science itself in such dynamic fields; and for the nature of interventions in many practical domains
Transactional Analysis seen by a critical parent eye: Crossed transactions, reality or graphic illusion? Parallel communication
No full textTransactional analysis, commonly known as TA to its adherents, is a psychoanalytic theory of psychology, developed by psychiatrist Eric Berne during the late 1950s, (Berne, E. 1957) based on the study of evolution and the pathological functioning of ego states (Várkonyi F. Zsuzsa, 2003)
Mentoring – a Valuable Method of Practical Intervention in Need of Theoretical Grounding
No full textThe present study aims to give a general overview of the information on mentoring that already exists in the specialized literature. The aim of this necessary synthesis is to emphasize the acute need for its systematic research from a more subtle psychological perspective, one from which the psychology of learning should not miss. The theoretical perspective from which we treat this issue is suggested by a classical definition of mentoring (which can be found in many other definitions) that states that mentoring is “a protected relationship in which experimentation, exchange and learning can occur and skills, knowledge and insight can be developed” (Mumford, 2002, p.215). Our central argument is that the difficulties one encounters when trying to discover the efficiency of natural mentoring on the level of programmatic mentoring are due to the fact that research on mentoring to date has overlooked the contribution that the psychology of learning can bring to the shaping of this concept