Europe’s Journal of Psychology (PsychOpen)
Not a member yet
930 research outputs found
Sort by
Personal and situational values predict ethical reasoning
No full textIn interpersonal value conflicts ethical principles are employed to justify own actions. However, there is competition among ethical principles. Therefore the preference for a specific ethical principle may be merely a function both of personal values and of the value-laden situations in which actions are made. A German sample of 132 partici-pants rated their agreement on ten justifications in seven experimentally constructed situations. The situations varied in their expression of values, organized by the value circle (Schwartz, 1992). The justifications assess five ethical principles (deontology, utilitarianism, partiality, hedonism, and intuitionism). Variance components of the agreement ratings were separated using GLM and plotted in the value circle. Preferences for ethical principles depended on both the value content of situations and the responder values. The Person x Situation interaction was not significant. The results illustrate the difficulties in gaining agreement on arguments among individuals with conflicting values
Relation between human resource development climate and employee engagement: Results from India
No full textIn a recent analysis (July 29, 2010) Hewitt Associates have reported a steady decline in the global employee engagement levels. According to the report this is the largest drop in the engagement levels that has been observed in the past 15 years. This clearly highlights the need for some concrete mechanism to improve the engagement levels of the employees in organizations. In response to the dire need for organizations to increase engagement levels of employees, the importance of the human resource development (HRD) climate cannot be overlooked. The purpose of this study is to explore the impact of HRD Climate on employee engagement in select business organizations in Indian. An attempt is made to closely examine the interrelationship between factors of HRD Climate and employee engagement. The study was conducted on 85 business executives from both private and public sector manufacturing and service firms in India. Data was analyzed using correlation and regression analysis. The results of the study revealed that the general climate dimension of HRD Climate was the most significant predictor of employee engagement followed by the HRD mechanism dimension. Thus, by studying HRD Climate and employee engagement together, this paper makes a significant contribution to the existing dearth of academic literature on employee engagement and HRD Climate in an Indian context
When the sunny side is down: Re-mapping the relationship between direction and valence
No full textLakoff & Johnson (1999) argue that the understanding of positive or negative concepts is structured around our sensorimotor experience whereby “Happy is up” and “Sad is down”. Consistent with this, Meier and Robinson (2004) found that positive evaluations of words gave faster responses to spatial probes in an upper region of space compared to lower regions of space, and vice versa for negative evaluations. However, “She blew her top” or “He dropped his grudge” are both common metaphors despite reversing the basic mapping. Using Meier and Robinson’s (2004) paradigm, we generated “negative-up” and “positive-down” phrases. Results showed a probe position x valence interaction in the opposite direction to that found by Meier and Robinson (2004). This suggests the relationship between direction and valence is not necessarily a single mapping, as envisaged by Lakoff & Johnson (1999)
We’ve Got Issues: Children and Parents in the Age of Medication
No full textJudith Warner’s We’ve Got Issues: Children and Parents in the Age of Medication started out as a book aimed at criticizing the overmedication of children that did not really suffer from mental health issues but were instead more or less silenced by their parents into submission. After interviewing parents of children suffering from mental health problems, Warner completely changed her mind and wrote We’ve Got Issues which helps defend parent’s choices of medicating their children. Warner states that the aim of We’ve got Issues is to set the record straight when it comes to what life is like for parents and children who are confronting mental health issues. Secondly, it aims to discuss current scientific understandings of mental disorders
ICAPBS 2012 : International Conference on Applied Psychology and Behavioral Sciences
No full text27-29 June 2012 Paris, Franc
The relation of positive emotions to post partum depression
No full textPositive emotions have been implicated in the development of coping resources and resilience for psychological health across various significant life events. Childbirth is often an event that incites positive emotions in a woman, and it may be that such emotions have an immobilizing effect on the onset of post natal depressive symptoms. In efforts to examine the influence of positive emotions on women during their transition into motherhood, the present study assessed 195 women across two stages: before and after childbirth. The aim of the study was to examine the variety of positive emotions that arise from childbirth, the relationship of positive emotions that arise from childbirth to maternity and other demographic variables and the relation between positive emotions that arise from childbirth and depressive post natal symptoms. Results revealed a significant manifestation of specific positive emotions such as joyfulness, pride, and interest after childbirth. Participants between the ages of 30 and 34 experienced a greater variety and intensity of positive emotions before and after. In turn, a negative relationship was found between the experience of positive emotion intensity and post natal depressive symptomatology. Factors such as education level, whether the birth was planned or not, and environmental and partner support were found to relate significantly to the manifestation of positive emotions
Women´s body image and the role of culture: A review of the literature
No full textBody image can be described as a combination of a person’s perceptions, feelings and thoughts about his/her body and their general physical appearance. Self-perceptions are important to examine because they can have implications for a person’s psychological and physical health. Past research has shown that culture plays a significant role in forming appearance ideals and that these vary for women of different cultures. The purpose of this article was to review the present literature on the prevalence of negative body image in women of different ethnic groups living in Western cultures. The similarities and differences between cultures in terms of negative body image in women were discussed followed by an examination of the role of acculturation in the development of negative body image. The findings showed that a significant proportion of women of different ethnicities are dissatisfied with their bodies and many are dieting to lose weight. The similarities between the groups indicated that the effect of non-Western cultures that previously promoted larger, more realistic body ideals is now diminishing. Thinner body ideals are now being reinforced for all women regardless of culture and ethnicity, thereby increasing the vulnerability towards developing a negative body image. The role of individual differences and the implications of this change are also discussed in this article
Language and Cognition in Bilinguals and Multilinguals
No full textAuthored by Annette M.B. de Groot Psychology Press, Taylor and Francis Group 2011 Within the current global and multicultural context, a monolingual orientation is no longer tenable in a comprehensive study of psycholinguistics. However, since its foundation in the 1950s, the majority of psycholinguistic research has been carried out in a monolingual framework. It is only in the last 15 years that studies in bilingualism have shown that many psycho-neurobiological factors shaping the acquisition and use of language may be altered and affected by bi- and multilingualism. In her newly published book, Annette M.B.de Groot challenges the view of monolingual psycholinguistics. Professor of Experimental Psychology at the University of Amsterdam, De Groot provides a comprehensive discussion of the psychology of language from both the bilingual and multilingual perspective
Moral competence and the democratic way of living
No full textTwo moral abilities are particularly important for living together in a democracy: firstly the ability of all citizens to judge and to act in accordance with their own moral principles; secondly, the ability to solve conflicts by means of fear-free discussions instead of the use of violence and the exercise of power. As research shows, both basic abilities, which are often summed up under the overall concept of moral competence, are essential for a democratic way of life and the functioning of democratic institutions. They are important for many things, e.g., for helping people in distress (not just readiness to help), for making quick decisions, learning effectively, for tolerating ambiguity, and for rejecting violence as a means of social change. Research also shows that the school promotes moral competence less effec¬tively and less sustainably than is needed and seems possible today. In this editorial, I attempt to give a broad overview on the research on moral competence and its application in education and educational policy-making in the past thirty years, in which I have been personally involved. It is not a comprehensive handbook article, which remains to be written