Journal of Experimental and Molecular Biology
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ABSTRACT BOOK - Annual Scientific Session of Naturalist Students (SSASN), 7th edition, October 26, 2023 and Scientific Session of the Faculty of Biology (SSFB), New Trends in Biology: from Molecules to Complex Systems, 3rd edition, October 27-28, 2023
No full textAbstracts of oral and poster presentations at the Annual Scientific Session of Naturalist Students (SSASN), 7th edition, October 26, 2023 and Scientific Session of the Faculty of Biology (SSFB), New Trends in Biology: from Molecules to Complex Systems, 3rd edition, October 27-28, 202
The Application of Genetic Marker for Diversity Assessment and Conserving of Plant Genetic Resource
No full textSeveral molecular marks have been used for various purposes since the beginning of contemporary molecular technology: Genetic resource characterization, core genetic resource collection, mapping, marker-assisted selection, and marker-assisted back crossing etc. The variety of all plant species, their genetic make-up, and the environments in which they dwell are considered to be components of biological diversity. Plant classification and identification can be done most quickly and simply using morphological examination. It has been established that molecular markers are effective instruments for evaluating genetic diversity in groups and individual individuals, as well as germplasm resources. To preserve biodiversity, more than just genetic testing and DNA polymorphism detection are needed. It examines significant issues regarding managing plant germplasm both ex situ and in situ in order to support decision-making. Significant progress has been made in recent years in mapping, tagging, and isolating many important genes for agriculture using molecular markers like (Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphisms, Random Amplified Polymorphic DNAs, Amplified Fragment Length Polymorphisms Simple Sequence Repeats and Single Nucleotide Polymorphism). Each marking technique has unique benefits, drawbacks, and applications. If one was aware of the presence of relevant traits, genes, and alleles one might make judgments on the extension of accessions and the preservation of seed stocks to meet an anticipated rise in demand for materials. By including genotypes with well-known and useful genes and alleles in the core collections, breeders can use them. Utilizing crop plant genetic resources will be simpler as a result, increasing their potential.
 
GENETIC DIVERSITY AND PHYLOGENETICS OF FOUR RELEASED COWPEA (Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp) VARIETIES (FUAMPEA-1, FUAMPEA-2, FUAMPEA-3 AND FUAMPEA-4) USING SIMPLE SEQUENCE REPEATS MARKERS
Get PDFCowpea improvement has continued to play key roles in the quest for national food security. This work elucidated the molecular genetic diversity and phylogenetics among four released cowpea varieties (FUAMPEA-1, FUAMPEA-2, FUAMPEA-3 AND FUAMPEA-4). DNA was extracted from 14 day old seedlings using the CTAB method. A total of nine (9) SSR (Simple Sequence Repeats) markers were employed in DNA amplifications. Binary matrix was generated from banding profiles of gel images and uploaded into the Minitab 17.0 software for analysis. Polymorphic Information Content (PIC) was computed for the primers and cowpea varieties. Cluster analysis was carried out using the Single Linkage method measured on Euclidean Distance. Four primers (CLM1190, CLM0342, RB38 and RB7) produced maximum of two bands each resulting in 15.4% polymorphism and 0.977 Polymorphism Information Content (PIC). Varietal Polymorphic Content (VPC) varied from 15.4% in FUAMPEA-2 as the lowest to 38.5% in FUAMPEA-1 as the highest. FUAMPEA-1 had the lowest genetic similarity index (19.82). Dendrogram further showed that FUAMPEA-2 and FUAMPEA-3 were more closely related than others with about 46.55 similarity index. Therefore, FUAMPEA-1 was the most divergent and genetically diverse variety followed by FUAMPEA-4. These are potential genetic resource material that can used to develop more cultivars when their inherent agronomic traits and genes coding for the traits are identified and tapped
Assessment of the Effects of Methanol Leaf Extract of Clerodendrum violaceum on the Liver of Mice
Get PDFEffects of methanol leaf extract of Clerodendrum violaceum on liver function indices of Swiss mice was evaluated. Six groups (A-F) of ten mice each were used. Groups B-F were administered 31.25, 62.5, 125, 250, 500 mg/kg body weight of methanol leaf extract of Clerodendrum violaceum, respectively. Group A received 5% DMSO (control). Five animals in each group were sacrificed after 14 days of administration; the remaining were sacrificed after 28 days of administration. Blood was collected for analyses, livers were collected and weighed. Some of the liver samples were homogenized and some preserved in 10% formalin for histopathological examination. After 14 days, there was significant increase (p < 0.05) in total and conjugated bilirubin and significant reduction (p < 0.05) of albumin and total protein at higher doses. Activities of ALP and γ-GT in serum were significantly elevated (p < 0.05) at all doses while liver and serum ALT activity only at lower doses. Liver and serum AST activity were also significantly elevated (p < 0.05) at higher doses. Activities of ALP and γ-GT in the liver were significantly reduced (p < 0.05) at all doses while ALT activity only reduced at the highest dose in liver and serum. AST activity was reduced at higher doses in liver but only at highest dose in serum. Liver tissue was inflamed with progressive degeneration on day 28. Results showed that methanol leaf extract of C. violaceum adversely affected the normal architecture, synthetic and secretory functions of the liver at high doses
ASPECTS OF THE BIRD FAUNA FROM CIRIC VALLEY’S (IAȘI)
Get PDFThe Ciric Valley, which is located in the northeastern region of Iași, integrates a considerable variety of habitats. Wetlands are dominant, being partially covered with compact reed beds. The other habitats are the deciduous forest, and meadows located in the northern part of the studied area. These allow the settlement of a diverse bird fauna in the area. Using the method of transects, the fixed-point observation, and sound identification, we identified 84 bird species between March 2020 and February 2021. Most species belong to the order Passeriformes (53 species), the rest of the orders having a significantly lower diversity. With the exception of the 20 sedentary species, Ciric’s avifauna consisted mostly of migratory species (39 summer visitors, 8 winter visitors, 13 vagrant species), and 5 partial migrant species during the research period. Among the identified bird species are 58 breeding species and 5 possible breeding species, representing 75% of the total number of the observed bird species. During the study, we identified 2 vulnerable species (Nycticorax nycticorax - black-crowned night-heron and Streptopelia turtur - european turtle-dove), 2 endangered species (Egretta garzetta - small egret and Ardea alba – great white egret) included in The Red Book of Vertebrates in Romania, and 13 species that require special conservation measures according to the Annex 1 of the Birds’ Directive
Book of Abstracts - New trends in Biology: from molecules to complex systems, 27 – 28, October 2022, Iași, Romania
No full textThis volume is a compilation of the scientific work abstracts that have been presented in the Scientific Session of the Faculty of Biology (SSFB), New Trends in Biology: from Molecules to Complex Systems, successfully held on October 27th – 28th in Iași, Romania
Analgesic and anxiolytic properties of aqueous extract of bark from trunk of Diospyros mespiliformis (Ebenaceae) on arthritis induced in mice
Get PDFBackground: Arthritis is an inflammatory disease that affects the joints. Patients suffering from chronic pain are anxious, which contributes to reducing the quality of life. The development of analgesic compounds with anxiolytic properties could prove to be of great interest for the treatment of chronic pain. The objective of the present study was to evaluate the analgesic and anxiolytic properties of the aqueous extract of the bark of the trunk of Diospyros mespiliformis in arthritic mice.
Methods: Arthritis was induced by injection of 1% formaline into the left hind paw of the animals. Inflammatory pain and comorbid anxiety were tested using a hotplate (55 ± 0.5 °C) and labyrinths (Dark and Light and the open arena), respectively.
Results: The aqueous extract of Diospyros mespiliformis reduced the inflammatory process by inhibiting the edema of the legs of animals to a maximum percentage of 63.63 % as well as the significant increase (p < 0.001) of the threshold of nociception at the dose of 100 mg/kg. A significant increase (p < 0.001) in the time spent in the lighted compartment alongside the decrease in the time spent in the dark environment was observed with the two-compartment maze. In the open arena the time spent in the central plaza significantly (p < 0.001) increased compared to the time spent on the edge. In addition, a significant decrease (p < 0.01) in the frequency of grooming and reaning was observed.
Conclusion: The aqueous extract of the bark of the trunk of Diospyros mespiliformis displayed beneficial effects on pain and anxiety, justifying it traditional use for the management of arthritis.
Keywords: analgesic, anxiolytic, Diospyros mespiliformis, arthritis
IMPACT OF BOTANICAL SPICES IN CONTROL OF Callosobruchus subinnotatus OF BAMBARA NUT PESTS
No full textThe present study evaluated the effect of extracts of three spices in control of Callosobruchus subinnotatus (Bambara nut pest). The experimental design used was completely randomized design (CRD). Ginger, scent leaf and curry leaf were obtained and screened for phytochemical and proximate composition using standard laboratory techniques. The Bambara nut was subjected to four treatments (To, T1, T2 and T3) which were replicated 4 times. To was used as control while the rest were treated with the spices. Results from the study showed that mortality rate was recorded highest on 100g of ginger powder extract having percentage mortality of 93.33% (T3). It was followed by scent leaf with a mortality rate of 43.33%. The result also showed that Ginger powdered extract gave the lower mean number of holes (41) and with lower weight loss of 4.9g amongst the extracts used. Bambara nuts that were not treated with plant spice extracts gave the highest mean number of holes or punctures (211) and the highest weight loss 25.5g of nuts (To). The plant extracts were effective at controlling Callosobruchus subinnotatus, though at varying degrees and more environmentally friendly biopesticides that are biodegradable and are part of human and animal food and often used as ethno-medicines
GAMETOCYTE DYNAMICS AND THE EFFECTS OF AQUEOUS AND ETHANOLIC LEAF EXTRACTS OF Lophira Lanceolata IN MICE INFECTED WITH Plasmodium Bergei
Get PDFResistance of human malaria parasites to existing chemotherapeutic drugs remains a global challenge to malaria control. This study was an evaluation of the gametocyte dynamics and the potential roles of aqueous and ethanolic leaf extracts of Lophira lanceolata in the transmission of Plasmodium parasites using mice experimentally infected with P.berghei as a model. A total of 192 experimental mice divided into 15 groups in a randomized block design and replicated four times with four mice in each group were used for this study. Thirty-six (36) mice were used for acute toxicity test, 32 mice each for curative antiplasmodial assay, prophylactic assay and gametocyte evaluation, and analyses. Experimental mice were inoculated intraperitoneally with standard inoculum of 1 x 107P.berghei parasitized red blood cells on first day (DO). Body weights of mice were taken using sensitive digital weighing balance. Blood sample was collected by cardiac puncture using sterile needle and 5ml syringe and preserved in ethylene diaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) bottle. Haematological components were determined using an autohaematology analyzer SYSMEX KX21. Data analysis was done using student’s t-test and one way analysis of variance with multiple comparison tests. Phytochemical screening revealed the presence of phenols, terpenoids, tannins, saponins, alkaloids, flavonoids, steroids, oxalates and cardiac glycosides. The flavonoids had the largest concentrations of 388.24mg/ml, and 350.00mg/ml in ethanolic and aqueous extracts respectively. LD50 was found to be > 5000mg/kg body weight in both extracts. At > 100mg/kg body weight, infected treated mice experienced body weight increases while infected untreated mice experienced decreases in mean body weight from 23.33g to 20.08g (mean 10% weight loss). Aqueous and ethanolic leaf extracts produced variations in number of gametocyte from mice infected with P.berghei. On days 7, 14, 21, and 28, the mean gametocytes of the parasite in the control group were 18, 21, 22, and 20 respectively which were significantly (p < 0.05) higher compared with the mean gametocytes in the groups of mice treated with aqueous extract, ethanolic extract and chloroquine drugs. The dose level of 10mg/kg body weight of aqueous extract produced the mean gametocyte counts of 10, 10, 8 and 6 on days 7, 14, 21 and 28 respectively which were significantly (p < 0.05) lower than the mean gametocyte counts of the contro