Journal of Experimental and Molecular Biology
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Applications of combinations and concentrations of different phytohormones for the induction of callus, shoot, and root of Cannabis sativa under tissue culture technique : induction of callus, shoot, and root of cannabis sativa
No full textCannabis sativa in vitro cultivation interest has been invigorated/renewed due to health and economic benefits, unconventional strategy, quality plants, and industrial fiber. The in vitro regeneration of cannabis encountered establishment and disinfection aspects globally. The research on plant growth regulator composition, combination, concentrations, decontamination, significant influence on, callus, shoot, and root induction, and regeneration is needed to shed light on desirable, healthy plants for the cannabis industry. The study outcomes indicated some disinfectant duration and concentrations exposure to ex-plant have a toxic impact and reduced growth while 5 % sodium hypochlorite and mercury chloride 0.1-1% are efficient sterile and gave good seed germination. A sufficient increase in callus proliferation was noticed on combination and concentrations of MS (Murashige and Skoog) media treated with 450 µl kinetin +450 ml BAP+450 µl 2,4-D from Cannabis sativa leaves. Substantial influence on shoot survival was recorded on MS media supplemented with increasing 2-3 ml BAP concentration. Maximum rhizogenesis observed on PGR (plant growth regulator) 5ml (indole-3-acetic acid) IAA and 8ml (indole-3-butyric acid) IBA combinations. The study output suggests that in vitro cultivation using phytohormones protocols is applicable and appropriate for cannabis survival and productivity and can be valuable for medical and industrial purposes
A morphological and biological assessment of Crenobia alpina and Crenobia montenigrina (Platyhelminthes, Tricladida, Planariidae) in the Parâng Mountains (Romania)
Get PDFThe paper analyses the morphology of the copulatory apparatus and the reproductive isolation of the monopharyngeal and polypharyngeal Crenobia (Dana, 1766) in sympatric populations in Parâng Mt., Romania. The copulatory apparatus of the two forms shows a non-simultaneous development, indicating a seasonal reproductive isolation: the monopharyngeal alpina becomes able to mate during the warm season while the polypharyngeal montenigrina becomes able to mate during the cold season. The mature copulatory apparatus of the monopharyngeals and the polypharyngeals shows all the characters typical for Crenobia alpina (Dana, 1766), respectively for Crenobia montenigrina (Mrázek, 1904) as presented in the literature. In both species, some specimens reveal a complex system of fine ducts / sclerotized lines into the wall of the genital atrium, which are attributed to biological structures of unknown function rather than histological artefacts
GROWTH PERFORMANCE AND SEMEN CHARACTERISTICS OF MONGREL RABBIT BUCKS FED DIETARY LEVELS OF GARLIC (ALLUM SATIVUM) MEAL
Get PDFThis study was designed to evaluate the effect of garlic meal supplementation on growth performance and semen characteristics in rabbit bucks. Twenty-four (24) mixed breed rabbit bucks were used for this study. The bucks were allowed to acclimatize for two weeks before the commencement of the study, during this period, they were fed formulated diet and Calopogonium ad-libitum. Feed and clean drinking water were offered ad libitum to the experimental animals. Four different experimental diets were formulated with varying levels of 0.00, 0.50, 1.00 and 1.50% garlic meal as supplement and were coded as T1, T2, T3 and T4 respectively, with as control. The 24 bucks were weighed and randomly allotted into the four experimental treatments and replicated thrice with two rabbit bucks per replicate in a complete randomized design (CRD) for a period of 8 weeks. At the end of the feeding period, semen collection was done using a specially designed artificial vagina for rabbits. The data obtained were subjected to one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) procedure using IBM Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS) version 21. The result showed that garlic meal had significant effect (P<0.05) on final weight, total and daily feed intake. Garlic significantly influenced (p<0.05) sperm volume, motility, concentration and total cells per ejaculate however, did not affect sperm morphology. In conclusion, garlic meal supplementation at 1.0% (10g/kg) can improve some growth and seminal parameters in male rabbits
PERFORMANCE, HAEMATOLOGY AND SERUM BIOCHEMISTRY OF RABBIT BUCKS FED SUPPLEMENTAL LEVELS OF Saccharomyces cerevisiae
Get PDFThis study was carried out to investigate the effect of Saccharomyces cerevisiae on growth performance, haematological and serum biochemical indices of rabbit bucks. Eighteen bucks were used for the study. They were assigned to three treatment groups with 6 bucks per treatment, replicated 3 times in a completely randomized design for twenty-eight (28) days. The bucks were allowed one week of acclimatization before the commencement of the study, during which they were fed commercial growers diets and forages. The bucks were fed a formulated ration supplemented with S. cerevisiae at 0.0, 0.3 and 0.6g respectively and were coded T1, T2 and T3 respectively. T1served as control. Growth parameters, haematological indices and serum chemistry were measured in the course of the study. The data collected were subjected to analysis of variance (ANOVA) using SPSS version 21, and means were separated using Duncan of same software. The results revealed that S. cerevisae did not have effect (p>0.05) on the growth parameters in the rabbit bucks. This study revealed that Saccharomyces cerevisiae did not have significant effect (p>0.05) in the PCV of bucks in the study as T1, T2 and T3 all had similar (p>0.05) PCV values of 39.00, 39.00 and 41.00% respectively. S. cerevisiae influenced (P<0.05) serum enzymes but did not have significant effect (p>0.05) on total protein, blood urea, ALT creatinine and glucose. In conclusion, dietary supplementation of S. cerevisiae at 0.60% did not have significant effect on growth parameters and most haematological and serum biochemical indices.
STUDIES ON THE CARBON CATABOLITE REPRESSION IN LACTIC ACID BACTERIA ISOLATED FROM WINE: CARBON CATABOLITE REPRESSION IN LACTIC ACID BACTERIA
No full textIn wine, lactic acid bacteria (LAB) are responsible for the bioconversion of malic acid to lactic acid, malolactic fermentation that mainly aims at reducing wine acidity. Two LAB strains isolated from the red wine microbiota (Oenococcus oeni 13-7 and Lactobacillus plantarum R1-1), were tested for their ability to exhibit the carbon catabolite repression (CCR) mechanism, that allows the rapid use of certain carbohydrates, over other carbon sources. Bacterial cells were inoculated in 0.1 M glycine buffer (pH 3.5), incubated at 30°C, with different carbohydrates (45 mM) and malic acid (45 mM). For both strains, the presence of glucose significantly inhibited malic acid metabolization (−60%), a similar effect being observed for galactose, mannose and maltose. The highest rate of malic acid conversion was shown in fructose/malate medium. Obtained results showed that malolactic strains can control the utilization of carbon sources via CCR, further studies being necessary to elucidate the mechanisms underlying this process
Effect of sewage wastewater on the mitotic index of the root tips of Allium cepa in Koya city /Kurdistan region of Iraq
Get PDFThe purpose of the experiment was to investigate onion (Allium cepa) root growth, cell division, and mitotic index. The onions were placed into four different water samples (Control water, Azadi bridge, Sar Razan, and Sar Baskan) for 72 hours in beakers. The results showed that the number of divided cells decreased significantly in the sewage water compared with the control water. The control water had a high percentage of divided cells (18%), whereas the Sar Razan sewage water had the least percentage of divided cells (1.3%). The percentage of divided cells in Sar Baskan sewage water was 2%, and the percentage of divided cells in Azadi Bridge was 2.6%. It was found that the mitotic index and the number of divided cells increased in the control water compared to the sewage water. The results showed that sewage water has a greater impact on root growth, cell division, and mitotic index of root tips of Allium cepa
MOLECULAR CLONING AND QUANTITATIVE mRNA EXPRESSION OF sox9 GENE IN GONADAL DEVELOPMENTAL PERIOD OF HYPOATHERINA TSURUGAE: Expression of sox9 gene in Hypoatherina tsurugae during gonadal development Period
No full textSox9 is a transcription factor of high mobility group (HMG) box family DNA binding domain. It plays a crucial role in gonadogenesis during embryonic developmental period. 1454 bp of sox9 mRNA transcript of Hypoatherina tsurugae (D. S. Jordan & Starks) was cloned and sequenced. It consists of an open reading frame (ORF) of 1436 bp, that encodes a 479 aa protein, found to be identical to the HMG box of other fish species. A phylogenetic tree was constructed by comparing the mRNA sequence of 50 different fishes across various taxa available in the NCBI database and using as outgroup Acipenser sinensis. The tree shows a high homology of sox9 from H. tsurugae with that from Maelanotaenia boesemani, the two forming a single clade. The expression of sox9 was studied in amhy+ (male) individuals. It begins from baseline at 0 wah (week after hatching) and is expressed in an increasing fashion. In amhy- (female) individuals it is highly expressed at initial stage (0 wah) and the expression reaches its peak at 2 wah then declines, indicating the low expression needed for differentiation of the female sex organs. The histological sections of gonads were studied in different stages of biweekly collected larvae during the sex determination/differentiation period and it showed that differentiation of gonads male/female is decided at 6 wah. In this stage the primary oocytes are clearly recognized and it correlates with the expression of sox9 genes. These finding add to the knowledge for a better understanding of molecular mechanisms of sex determination and differentiation period in fishes
Molecular identification and antifungal susceptibility of Candida tropicalis and Candida parapsilosis isolated from cancer patients
Get PDFCandida species cause systemic Candidiasis in immunocompromised cancer patients. Currently, a large proportion of bloodstream infections are due to non-Candida albicans Candida spp. (Candida species other than C. albicans), with Candida tropicalis and Candida parapsilosis being the most isolated Candida species from cancer patients. In this study, 52 Candida isolates collected from cancer patient at the Apeksha Hospital, Maharagama, Sri Lanka. Molecular identification of isolated Candida samples employed a multiplex PCR technique utilizing specific primer pairs for two strains of both Candida tropicalis and Candida parapsilosis. Furthermore, to determine the susceptibility of the identified isolates, antifungal susceptibility testing was conducted using the disk diffusion method on Mueller-Hinton agar medium. Six antifungal drugs, including Fluconazole, Itraconazole, Clotrimazole, Miconazole, Ketoconazole, and Amphotericin B, were utilized in the susceptibility testing. In this study 38% was identified as Candida tropicalis II while, 31% was identified as Candida parapsilosis II. According to this study Fluconazole was the most susceptible drug against both species and Amphotericin B was the least susceptible drug. Ketoconazole, Clotrimazole, Itraconazole and Miconazole showed varying degrees of susceptibility patterns. The study concludes that multiplex PCR is a better approach for the identification of both Candida tropicalis and Candida parapsilosis for clinical and diagnostic purposes and Fluconazole is the best antifungal drug against Candida parapsilosis, while caution is advised when using Amphotericin B as a treatment option since its’ low susceptible rates.
 
Inhibitory activity against α-amylase and glucose adsorption capacity of the aqueous decoctate of Chamaecrista nigricans (Vahl) Greene
Get PDFDiabetes management involves preventing its risk factors. Inhibition of glucosidases and adsorption of excess free glucose are approaches to the prevention of postprandial hyperglycemia. The objective of the present study was to evaluate the antioxidant activity, glucose adsorption capacity, and α-amylase inhibitory activity in vitro of the aqueous extract of Chamaecrista nigricans. Determination of phenolic compounds content was performed using the Folin-Ciocalteu reagent and the aluminum chloride method was used for total flavonoids one. The glucose oxidase peroxidase kit was used to determine the adsorption capacity of glucose while the 3,5-dinitrosalicylic acid method was used to assess the inhibitory activity against α-amylase. Levels ranging from 33.87 ± 2.48 mg GAE/100 mg dry extract (DE) for total phenolic compounds and 1.98 ± 0.51 mg QE/100 mg DE for total flavonoids were observed. The adsorption capacity was correlated with the glucose concentration of the solution (r = 0.95) and was up to 36.61 μmol/g DE for a glucose concentration of 30 mM. The extract from the November collection was most active against α-amylase with IC50 = 0.17 mg DE/mL. Observations confirm the traditional use of this species as a preventive measure in recipes for the treatment of diabetes. This data provides a basis for future pharmaceutical prospecting
Biochemical characterization of the yeast biomass resulting from the winemaking processes
Get PDFRe-utilization of vinification wastes is actual ecological problems that needs to be solved. The current study was carried out to evaluate biochemical composition of biomass of wine sedimentary yeasts. According to obtained results, yeast sediments used in natural white and red wine making present a good source of protein as well, as of essential and immunoactive amino acids. The studied types of sediments possess antioxidant activity and activity of antioxidant enzymes catalase and superoxid dismutase, the values vary, depending on the type of wine. So, yeast sediments of wine production can be proposed for the further development of new technologies for the production of bioactive extracts with antioxidants properties.