European Journals of Social Sciences Studies
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CHALLENGES CONFRONTING LOCAL AUTHORITIES IN SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT: THE CASE OF DANGAMVURA RESIDENTIAL AREA, MUTARE, ZIMBABWE
Get PDFSolid waste management has become one of the major challenges in both public circles and environmental health at the global level. The extent of the problems being faced as a result of improper solid waste management cannot be understated for example the illegal dumping and burning of municipal waste has become a common phenomenon in most Zimbabwean towns and cities. Studies regarding solid waste management have been widely researched by various scholars across the globe. In Zimbabwe, studies regarding solid waste management have been studied by scholars like Mlaudzi (2017) and Mutsvanga, et al. (2018) among others. Most of the studies focus on major urban centres and lack much information on residential areas. This study focuses on the challenges faced by local authorities in solid waste management in Dangamvura, Mutare. The main objectives of the study include: exploring the challenges being faced by the city of Mutare in solid waste management within the Dangamvura residential area, determining how these challenges are affecting the community and assessing the strategies and policies adopted by the city council to address these challenges. The researcher employed the mixed method of data collection and 60 participants took part in the research. The key informants were drawn from the city of Mutare. The main challenges which were being faced by the council in solid waste management in Dangamvura included poor community engagement, understaffing, urban sprawl, political interference, shortage of resources and natural hazards. These challenges affected the residents in a number of ways which included: disease outbreaks through water contamination, loss of natural beauty of the area and inconsistency in refuse collection. Various efforts were made to improve the state of service delivery in Dangamvura which included environmental education, law enforcement, motorizing cleansing, purchasing new refuse trucks and provisions of bins. The recommendations that have been provided include depoliticizing the issue among others that have been listed at the end of this study. Article visualizations
THE NATIONAL TARGET PROGRAM ON BUILDING NEW-STYLE RURAL AREAS IN VIETNAM: THE CURRENT SITUATION AND SOLUTIONS IN ECONOMIC ASPECTS
Get PDFAfter 12 years of implementation, the National Target Program on building new-style rural areas in Vietnam has achieved remarkable achievements in terms of both scale and speed of meeting the standards of building new-style rural areas, making an important contribution to the cause of rural socio-economic development in particular and the development of the country in general. However, there are still some limitations in terms of standard local structure, sustainability of criteria, investment resources to build new-style rural areas, quality and value of products, etc. If there is no solution soon, it will become a big barrier, negatively affecting the results of the program in the coming time. This article focuses on analyzing the current situation of the implementation of the National Target Program on building new-style rural areas in Vietnam for the period 2010-2022 in terms of economic aspects, recognizing the successes and identifying the limitations and specifying the cause of the limitations, thereby proposing some remedial solutions to contribute to the effective implementation of the policy of on building new-style rural areas throughout the country. Article visualizations
MODELLING THE LEVERAGE EFFECT AND VOLATILITY PERSISTENCE IN THE EAST AFRICAN SECURITIES EXCHANGES DURING GLOBAL SHOCKS
Get PDFThe study examines volatility dynamics during the 2007/09 global financial crisis in three main East African Exchanges; Nairobi Securities Exchange, Kenya, Uganda Securities Exchange, Uganda and Dar-es-Salaam Stock Exchange, Tanzania. A modified Asymmetric Generalized Autoregressive Conditional Heteroscedastic (E-GARCH 4,1) model was used to test leverage effects and volatility persistence in the markets and the USA as the ground zero market. The data consisted of daily closing indices covering 2006-2010. The period was divided into three phases before the crisis, during and after the crisis. The study found that the leverage effect was eminent in the Ugandan and Tanzania markets. The effect is more prevalent in the Ugandan market in all three phases of the crisis, and the pre-crisis phase for the Tanzania market but absent in the Kenyan market in all the phases. Explosive volatility was observed in the Kenyan and Ugandan markets meaning that volatility takes a longer period to decay off in these markets.JEL: E44; G10; G1
STRATEGIC RESOURCES, ORGANIZATIONAL ENVIRONMENT AND ORGANIZATIONAL PERFORMANCE OF SUGAR MANUFACTURING FIRMS IN WESTERN KENYA
Get PDFStrategy implementation and its influence on organizational performance are becoming an issue of concern for all organizations and as a result, there is a need for effective strategy implementation dealings with organizational structures, resources, culture, leadership, communication and operations required to ensure that organizations perform efficiently and effectively to achieve its set long term goals. The objectives of this study were to examine the influence of strategic resources on organizational performance of sugar firms in western Kenya and to establish the influence of organizational environment on the relationship between strategic resources and organizational performance of sugar firms in western Kenya. The study was guided by resource-based theory, contingency theory, agency theory and trait theory. Positivism research philosophy guided the study. A descriptive research design was adopted. The target population was 125 respondents who are senior employees of sugar manufacturing firms in western Kenya. Simple random sampling was used to choose respondents. Primary data was obtained by the use of questionnaires. Expert analysis and factor analysis were used to assess Validity. Descriptive statistics included mean, standard deviation and variance. Inferential statistics consisted of correlation analysis and multiple linear regression analysis. Results show a Beta coefficient of 0.164, and a p-value of 0.005. The results of this study show that strategic resources have a positive and significant influence on organizational performance of sugar manufacturing firms in Kenya. The sugar manufacturing firms should have adequate machines and equipment, and the tools and equipment should be in line with technological advancements to ensure strategy implementation. The results of the study will be a source of information for investors as they make decisions of investing in the sugar industry. The results of this study may assist policymakers to identify loopholes that still exist in internal controls instituted by the government. Article visualizations
PREVALENCE AND RISK FACTORS ASSOCIATED WITH TUBERCULOSIS OCCURRENCE AMONG PATIENTS ATTENDING MUHIMA DISTRICT HOSPITAL, NYARUGENGE DISTRICT, RWANDA
Get PDFTuberculosis (TB) is one the serious public health problems globally and locally and killed at least eight million in 2018 (WHO, 2019). TB is a curable disease if well treated and followed. One of the most key considerations for tracking and evaluating TB prevention and control programs is the prevalence and related risk factors. The study adopted a quantitative approach and a cross-sectional retrospective design to collect data from the respondents. A systematic sampling technique was used and secondary data recorded in the laboratory were collected. Specific objectives were: to determine the prevalence of tuberculosis among patients attending Muhima District Hospital in Nyarugenge District, and to identify behavioral factors associated with TB occurrence among patients attending Muhima District Hospital in Nyarugenge District. Descriptive and analytical statistics were used to analyze the data. The total number of respondents was 2161 patients. The majority, were male 1524(70.5%) and female were 637(29.5%). For the age, those less than 9 years were 19(.9%), between 10-17 years 76(3.5%), between 18-35 years 1185(54.8%), between 36-59 years 843(39.0%), and above 60 years 38(1.8%). Those who were married were 1014(47%), singles were 977(45.2%), and widower were 57(2.6%). For employment, 883(40.9%) were unemployed, 845(39.1%) were employed, 206(9.5%) were students, and 227(10.4%) were prisoners. Based on location, 1181(54.7%) were from urban areas, and 980(45.3%) were from rural areas. The prevalence of TB was 7.2%, out of which the females were 53(34.0%) and males were 103(66.0%). The prevalence of TB among HIV patients was 32.6%. For behavior practices, drinking alcohol was found among 908(42.0%) and smokers were 186(8.6%). For all the predictors of TB occurrence, none of them was statistically associated with TB occurrence. These include demographic characteristics, behavioral factors including use of alcohol, smoking and use of tobacco products, and serology. The prevalence of TB among patients attending Muhima District was higher than the National TB prevalence estimates reported by the World Health Organization (WHO, 2019), respectively 7.2% versus 5.2%. All predictors of TB occurrence including demographic characteristics and behavioral factors none of them was associated with TB occurrence. It is worth recommending a further study to understand in-depth risk factors for TB occurrence in the era of epidemiological transition. Article visualizations
ACCESS TO MICROCREDIT AND ITS IMPACT ON THE PERFORMANCE OF SMALL AND MEDIUM-SIZED ENTERPRISES: A LITERATURE REVIEW / ACCES AU MICROCREDIT ET A SES IMPACT SUR LA PERFORMANCE DES PETITES ET ENTREPRISES DE TAILLE MOYENNE : UNE REVUE DE LA LITTÉRATURE
No full textLes petites et moyennes entreprises (PME) jouent un rôle crucial dans la croissance économique en créant des emplois, en générant des revenus et en stimulant la croissance. Cependant, l'accès au financement des PME est inférieur à celui des grandes entreprises, ce qui entrave la croissance et le développement des PME. Les limites des institutions financières formelles à fournir des crédits aux groupes à faibles revenus tels que les PME ont donné naissance aux programmes de microfinance. Ainsi, l'accès au microcrédit reste le défi majeur pour la plupart des PME. Dans ce contexte, cette étude vise à examiner les théories et pratiques pertinentes concernant les marchés du crédit, l'accessibilité et l'impact du microcrédit. Les PME sont limitées dans l'accès au crédit formel car les institutions financières n'accordent pas de crédit en raison de l'asymétrie de l'information, des coûts de traitement élevés et de l'insuffisance de garanties de valeur. Cet article passe également en revue les méthodologies d'évaluation d'impact et le problème de l'évaluation d'impact. Des études empiriques aient documenté un impact positif des programmes de microcrédit, les résultats ne sont pas concluants car les études négligent les problèmes économétriques de l'évaluation d'impact, c'est-à-dire le biais de sélection et l'endogénéité. Il est donc nécessaire d'évaluer l'impact du crédit sur la performance des PME mesurée par la croissance des ventes et de l'emploi.Small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) play a crucial role in economic growth by creating jobs, generating income, and stimulating growth. However, access to finance for SMEs is lower than for large enterprises, which hinders the growth and development of SMEs. The limitations of formal financial institutions in providing credit to low-income groups such as SMEs have given rise to microfinance programs. Thus, access to microcredit remains the major challenge for most SMEs. In this context, this study aims to examine relevant theories and practices regarding credit markets, accessibility and the impact of microcredit. SMEs are limited in accessing formal credit because financial institutions do not extend credit due to information asymmetry, high processing costs, and insufficient collateral value. This paper also reviews impact assessment methodologies and the problem of impact assessment. While empirical studies have documented a positive impact of microcredit programs, the results are inconclusive because the studies neglect the impact of econometric evaluation, i.e. selection bias and endogeneity. It is therefore necessary to evaluate the impact of credit on the performance of SMEs as measured by sales and employment growth. JEL: G2, O1, L2, O5 Article visualizations
COVID-19 PANDEMIC EVENTS AND PHILIPPINE STOCK MARKET PERFORMANCE: TESTING FOR MULTIPLE BREAKPOINTS
Get PDFThis study examined several PSEi breakpoints to determine if COVID-19-related headlines or events cause significant stock market breaks. From December 2, 2019 to May 5, 2022 (T=632), time-series data revealed that the stock market performed the worst during the first four months of 2020. Regression with ordinary least squares on PSEi values revealed the Philippine stock market has random walk characteristics for the same time period. The Breusch-Godfrey serial correlation LM test at two lags demonstrated serial correlation in the mean equation residuals. During COVID-19 pandemic events, the Chow test was applied to daily stock market data to identify structural breaks and PSEi shifts. The Bai-Perron test identified four noteworthy multi-breakpoints. On April 17, 2020, Leyte reported the first confirmed case of COVID-19, and Johns Hopkins University reported that the global death toll exceeded 50,000. This event is likely related to the cutoff dates of November 5 and 6, 2020, when the Philippines will have an average of 1,000 COVID-19 cases per day and the government will have identified specific sectors to receive free vaccines under the initial procurement. On March 23, 2021, 17 mayors of Metro Manila and neighbouring cities voted unanimously to close recreational establishments for two weeks, indicating a possible parallel to the breakpoints on September 3, 2021, when the Philippine Food and Drug Administration approved Moderna vaccines for 12–17-year-olds. Another breakpoint found was on October 11, 2021924,300 COVAX vaccines donated by the United States arrived at Ninoy Aquino International Airport. Breakpoint events and their implications for the study of financial economics were discussed. JEL: E32; G11; G14; G17 Article visualizations
CURRENT SITUATION OF IMPLEMENTATION AND SOLUTIONS TO IMPROVE THE LAW ON EMPLOYMENT OF FEMALE WORKERS IN VIETNAM
Get PDFVietnam is one of the countries with advanced female labor policies in the region as well as in the world. The Labor Code 2019 has 1 chapter with 11 separate articles stipulating policies for female employees such as employer responsibilities, regimes of maternity, sickness, employment, and gender equality. The Employment Law (2013) also details employment and policies related to employment for employees in general and female employees in particular. In recent years, the government and organizations have introduced many policies and measures to promote employment law enforcement for female workers in Viet Nam. However, the enforcement of employment laws for female workers in Vietnam still has many shortcomings such as the scarcity of resources and skills for education and training programs, the lack of pressure on enterprises that do not comply with policies to protect the rights of female workers. Therefore, it is necessary to improve the law to increase the ability to implement policies to support and enhance the rights of female workers. This article discusses the current situation of law enforcement and employment of female workers in Vietnam in a number of aspects and offers solutions to improve the law to promote the implementation of this content in practice. Article visualizations
AN IDEAL LEADER MODEL BASED ON THE PHILOSOPHY OF ‘GUNDUL GUNDUL PACUL’ IN THE PREVENTION OF CORRUPTION CRIMES
Get PDFOne of the causes of corruption is unquestionably inseparable from the role and leadership panache of the leadership of an institution or organization in its activities. Leadership appears along with human civilization, along with the times, and leadership can now be seen from various perspectives or points of view. Therefore, there are many definitions of leadership put forward by experts from their respective perspectives. Even so, some of these definitions still point to similarities in leadership itself. The reality is that many leaders do not realize that their leadership style is a role model for their subordinates and their success in realizing the organization and institution they lead. This is evident in the many leaders of state institutions who stumbled on corruption cases because they were not aware of their role as a leader, which resulted in the leaders forgetting their roles and responsibilities as a leader. We can see this from the many leaders who have gone to prison as a result of this is due to committing crimes of corruption that harm the people they lead. It is time for this leadership style to return to a leadership style based on local wisdom as the philosophy contained in the lyrics of the ‘Gundul Gundul Pacul’, where a leader must not be arrogant, must not be arrogant, a leader must serve those who give the mandate to him and a leader must prosper his subordinates or his people. The methodology used in this article is a sociological descriptive approach to the local wisdom culture of the ‘Gundul Gundul Pacul Gembelengan’ song lyrics originating from Central Java, Indonesia. The ‘Gundul-Gundul Pacul’ is a rhyme that appeared in the 1400s and was popularized by Sunan Kalijaga and contains a deep philosophical meaning about the characteristics of a leader. This ‘pantun’ gives us an idea of an ideal leader who must have high integrity, be completely trustworthy, not arrogant and uphold honor. From an analysis of the meaning of the philosophy contained in the lyrics of the song ‘Gundul Gundul Pacul’, leaders should be obliged to apply this philosophy in order to avoid criminal acts of corruption, but in reality, many leaders ignore it so that many are caught in criminal acts of corruption. Article visualizations
ASSESSMENT OF THE CURRENT SITUATION OF TOURISM DEVELOPMENT IN MANG DEN TOWN, KON PLONG DISTRICT, KON TUM PROVINCE, VIETNAM
Get PDFThis study surveyed 120 domestic tourists in Mang Den Town, using the convenience sampling method. The method used to analyze primary data was descriptive statistics. The research results have proposed six factors to evaluate the current situation of tourism development in Mang Den Town, Kon Plong District, Kon Tum Province, Vietnam including: (1) Quality of tourism services and tourism resources; (2) Perceived prices; (3) Human resources; (4) Security, order, and safety; (5) Quality of tourism services and tourism infrastructure; (6) and Tourism resources and perceived prices, in which "Human resources" is the factor that has the strongest impact on the current situations of tourism development in Mang Den Town. Through research results, the article has proposed some solutions to develop tourism in Mang Den Town more effectively in the future. Article visualizations