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EFFECTS OF COVID-19 ON THE PERFORMANCE OF SMALL AND MEDIUM ENTERPRISES (SMEs) IN THE WESTERN AREA OF SIERRA LEONE
Get PDFThe study aims to investigate the effect of COVID-19 on the performance of SMEs in the Western Area of Sierra Leone. An econometric model is used to investigate the effect of COVID-19 on the determinants of SME performance in the Western Area of Sierra Leone. Using a confidence interval of 95 and a margin of error of 2 percent, a total of 450 SMEs were randomly selected from the population of SMEs in the Western Area of Sierra Leone from 2018 to 2020. In the OLS, the firms are considered homogenous while in the random effect regression, they are heterogeneous. The fixed effect is not investigated here because the model has dummy variables, which do not vary over time across firms and including them in a fixed effect model provides no coefficient for the pre-pandemic period and 2020 is the pandemic period. The results reveal that capital productivity and labour productivity have positive effects on SME performance in the Western Area of Sierra Leone with the productivity of capital having an elasticity of 0.20 in the pre-COVID-19 pandemic and that of labour being 0.64 in the pre-COVID-19 pandemic. Leverage has negative effect on firm performance in the pre-COVID-19 pandemic but it has no impact during the COVID-19 pandemic. Gender difference does not matter during the pandemic. Professional training of SME heads without distinguishing recent or old did not matter for SME performance. However, the educational status of SME heads matters for robust SME performance but its impact is stronger during the pre-pandemic than the pandemic era. JEL: F13, F15 Article visualizations
IMPACT OF COVID-19 ON THE FINANCIAL STABILITY OF COMMERCIAL BANKS IN KENYA
Get PDFCountries worldwide were gripped by the COVID-19 pandemic for the greater part of 2020 and 2021. COVID-19 spread to virtually all nations around the globe, causing a contraction of the global economy, and Kenya was no exception. Governments worldwide deployed social distancing, lockdowns, and curfews, which resulted in employee lay-off, business closure, and suppressed demand for commodities and services, eventually trickling down to commercial banks. The Kenyan banking sector experienced deterioration in asset quality which has been worsening since 2014 when it stood at 5.6 percent, reaching an all-time high of 14.5 percent in 2020 whereas Return on Assets which has also been declining since 2014, stood at 4.46 percent dropped to a record low of 2.07 percent in 2020 during the pandemic. This study, therefore, sought to determine how the financial stability of Kenyan commercial banks has been impacted by the COVID-19 shock. The study sought to specifically establish how both Z-score and capital adequacy of Kenyan commercial banks were impacted by the COVID-19 pandemic. Financial intermediation theory, Capital buffer theory, and Financial Instability Hypothesis anchored the study. The research design embraced was non-experimental, while the financial stability proxy was Z-score. The study’s target population was 19 commercial banks in Kenya between the years 2015 and 2022, which had complete data on all the study variables. Annual bank-level data was obtained from Kenya`s Central Bank`s annual supervision reports from 2015-2022. Event study methodology was used while collecting data whereby, the event window was 2020-2021, the period before the event (COVID-19) was 2015-2019, and the period after the event was 2022. The study espoused a panel vector autoregression model in data analysis where the impulse response functions were generated. The researcher discovered that the COVID-19 pandemic adversely impacted Z-score and capital adequacy. Based on the research findings, the Government of Kenya ought to institute non-disruptive pandemic control measures such as proper hygiene and wearing of masks as opposed to quarantines and lockdowns, which are detrimental to commercial banks' operations and other businesses, ultimately leading to a decline in income for commercial banks. Moreover, since capital acts as a shock absorber for banks, Kenyan commercial banks should strive to achieve and maintain the minimum capital adequacy ratios set by the Central Bank of Kenya. This will ensure that commercial banks in Kenya cushion themselves against economic shocks generated by pandemics such as COVID-19. JEL: E44, E58, G01, G21, G28, G32 Article visualizations
EFFECTS OF INCOME DIVERSIFICATION ON FINANCIAL PERFORMANCE OF COMMERCIAL BANKS LISTED IN SIERRA LEONE
Get PDFThe aim of this study was to determine the effect of income diversification on the financial performance of commercial banks in Sierra Leone. A descriptive research design was adopted. A census targeting the listed commercial banks in Sierra Leone from the year 2018 to 2022 was conducted. The statistical significance of each independent variable was tested by performing a t-test at a 5% level of significance. The significance of the regression model was tested by performing an F-test at a 5% significance level. The independent variables' explanatory power was evaluated using the coefficient of determination, R^2. The study found that income diversification was negatively related to financial performance. The results of the t-test indicated that the effect was not statistically significant. It also found that size and capital adequacy had a positive effect, which was statistically significant, while liquidity had a negative impact on financial performance and was not statistically significant. The coefficient of determination for the regression was found to be 35.7%. This implies that the independent variable explained only 35.7% of the changes in the dependent variable. The study concluded that income diversification is a costly affair for commercial banks since it has a negative impact on financial performance. It also concluded that size and capital adequacy had a positive impact on financial performance while liquidity had a negative impact. This study recommends that commercial banks should not commit resources to diversifying their income because diversification appears to be a costly affair. Also, investors should not be concerned about a bank’s income diversification in selecting investment opportunities as diversification of income does not generate positive financial performance.EFFETS DE LA DIVERSIFICATION DES REVENUS SUR LA PERFORMANCE FINANCIÈRE DES BANQUES COMMERCIALES COTÉES EN SIERRA LEONEL'objectif de cette étude était de déterminer l'effet de la diversification des revenus sur la performance financière des banques commerciales en Sierra Leone. Un plan de recherche descriptif a été adopté. Un recensement ciblant les banques commerciales cotées en Sierra Leone de l'année 2018 à 2022 a été réalisé. La signification statistique de chaque variable indépendante a été testée en effectuant un test t à un niveau de signification de 5 %. La signification du modèle de régression a été testée en effectuant un test F à un niveau de signification de 5 %. Le pouvoir explicatif des variables indépendantes a été évalué en utilisant le coefficient de détermination, R^2. L'étude a révélé que la diversification des revenus était négativement liée à la performance financière. Les résultats du test t ont indiqué que l'effet n'était pas statistiquement significatif. Il a également été constaté que la taille et l'adéquation des capitaux avaient un effet positif, qui était statistiquement significatif, tandis que la liquidité avait un impact négatif sur la performance financière et n'était pas statistiquement significative. Le coefficient de détermination pour la régression a été trouvé à 35,7 %. Cela implique que la variable indépendante expliquait seulement 35,7 % des changements de la variable dépendante. L'étude a conclu que la diversification des revenus est une affaire coûteuse pour les banques commerciales car elle a un impact négatif sur la performance financière. Il a également conclu que la taille et l'adéquation des capitaux avaient un impact positif sur la performance financière tandis que la liquidité avait un impact négatif. Cette étude recommande que les banques commerciales ne devraient pas engager de ressources pour diversifier leurs revenus car la diversification semble être une affaire coûteuse. De plus, les investisseurs ne devraient pas se préoccuper de la diversification des revenus d'une banque dans la sélection des opportunités d'investissement car la diversification des revenus ne génère pas de performance financière positive.EFFETTI DELLA DIVERSIFICAZIONE DEI REDDITI SULLA PERFORMANCE FINANZIARIA DELLE BANCHE COMMERCIALI ELICOTTE IN SIERRA LEONELo scopo di questo studio era determinare l'effetto della diversificazione dei redditi sulla performance finanziaria delle banche commerciali in Sierra Leone. È stato adottato un disegno di ricerca descrittivo. È stato condotto un censimento mirato alle banche commerciali elencate in Sierra Leone dal 2018 al 2022. La significatività statistica di ciascuna variabile indipendente è stata testata eseguendo un test t al livello di significatività del 5%. La significatività del modello di regressione è stata testata eseguendo un test F al livello di significatività del 5%. Il potere esplicativo delle variabili indipendenti è stato valutato usando il coefficiente di determinazione, R^2. Lo studio ha scoperto che la diversificazione dei redditi era negativamente correlata alla performance finanziaria. I risultati del test t hanno indicato che l'effetto non era statisticamente significativo. Si è anche scoperto che la dimensione e l'adeguatezza di capitale avevano un effetto positivo, che era statisticamente significativo, mentre la liquidità aveva un impatto negativo sulla performance finanziaria e non era statisticamente significativa. Il coefficiente di determinazione per la regressione è stato trovato essere del 35,7%. Ciò implica che la variabile indipendente spiegava solo il 35,7% delle variazioni della variabile dipendente. Lo studio ha concluso che la diversificazione dei redditi è una questione costosa per le banche commerciali poiché ha un impatto negativo sulla performance finanziaria. Ha anche concluso che la dimensione e l'adeguatezza di capitale avevano un impatto positivo sulla performance finanziaria mentre la liquidità aveva un impatto negativo. Questo studio raccomanda che le banche commerciali non dovrebbero impegnare risorse per diversificare i loro redditi perché la diversificazione sembra essere una questione costosa. Inoltre, gli investitori non dovrebbero preoccuparsi della diversificazione dei redditi di una banca nella selezione delle opportunità di investimento poiché la diversificazione dei redditi non genera una performance finanziaria positiva.EFECTOS DE LA DIVERSIFICACIÓN DE INGRESOS EN EL RENDIMIENTO FINANCIERO DE LOS BANCOS COMERCIALES ENUMERADOS EN SIERRA LEONAEl objetivo de este estudio fue determinar el efecto de la diversificación de ingresos en el rendimiento financiero de los bancos comerciales en Sierra Leona. Se adoptó un diseño de investigación descriptivo. Se realizó un censo dirigido a los bancos comerciales enumerados en Sierra Leona desde el año 2018 hasta el 2022. La significancia estadística de cada variable independiente se probó realizando una prueba t a un nivel de significancia del 5%. La significancia del modelo de regresión se probó realizando una prueba F a un nivel de significancia del 5%. El poder explicativo de las variables independientes se evaluó utilizando el coeficiente de determinación, R^2. El estudio encontró que la diversificación de ingresos estaba relacionada negativamente con el rendimiento financiero. Los resultados del test t indicaron que el efecto no era estadísticamente significativo. También se encontró que el tamaño y la adecuación de capitales tenían un efecto positivo, que era estadísticamente significativo, mientras que la liquidez tenía un impacto negativo en el rendimiento financiero y no era estadísticamente significativa. El coeficiente de determinación para la regresión se encontró que era del 35,7%. Esto implicaba que la variable independiente explicaba solo el 35,7% de los cambios en la variable dependiente. El estudio concluyó que la diversificación de ingresos es un asunto costoso para los bancos comerciales ya que tiene un impacto negativo en el rendimiento financiero. También concluyó que el tamaño y la adecuación de capitales tenían un impacto positivo en el rendimiento financiero mientras que la liquidez tenía un impacto negativo. Este estudio recomienda que los bancos comerciales no deberían comprometer recursos para diversificar sus ingresos porque la diversificación parece ser un asunto costoso. Además, los inversores no deberían preocuparse por la diversificación de ingresos de un banco en la selección de oportunidades de inversión ya que la diversificación de ingresos no genera un rendimiento financiero positivo.EFEITOS DA DIVERSIFICAÇÃO DE RENDA NO DESEMPENHO FINANCEIRO DOS BANCOS COMERCIAIS LISTADOS NA SERRA LEONEO objetivo deste estudo foi determinar o efeito da diversificação de renda no desempenho financeiro dos bancos comerciais na Serra Leoa. Foi adotado um desenho de pesquisa descritivo. Foi realizado um censo direcionado aos bancos comerciais listados na Serra Leoa do ano de 2018 a 2022. A significância estatística de cada variável independente foi testada realizando um teste t a um nível de significância de 5%. A significância do modelo de regressão foi testada realizando um teste F a um nível de significância de 5%. O poder explicativo das variáveis independentes foi avaliado usando o coeficiente de determinação, R^2. O estudo descobriu que a diversificação de renda estava negativamente relacionada ao desempenho financeiro. Os resultados do teste t indicaram que o efeito não era estatisticamente significativo. Também foi constatado que o tamanho e a adequação de capitais tiveram um efeito positivo, que foi estatisticamente significativo, enquanto a liquidez teve um impacto negativo no desempenho financeiro e não foi estatisticamente significativa. O coeficiente de determinação para a regressão foi encontrado como 35,7%. Isso implicava que a variável independente explicava apenas 35,7% das mudanças na variável dependente. O estudo concluiu que a diversificação de renda é um assunto custoso para os bancos comerciais, pois tem um impacto negativo no desempenho financeiro. Também concluiu que o tamanho e a adequação de capitais tiveram um impacto positivo no desempenho financeiro, enquanto a liquidez teve um impacto negativo. Este estudo recomenda que os bancos comerciais não devem comprometer recursos para diversificar sua renda, pois a diversificação parece ser um assunto custoso. Além disso, os investidores não devem se preocupar com a diversificação de renda de um banco na seleção de oportunidades de investimento, pois a diversificação de renda não gera desempenho financeiro positivo.ΕΠΙΠΤΩΣΕΙΣ ΤΗΣ ΠΟΙΚΙΛΙΟΠΟΙΗΣΗΣ ΤΩΝ ΕΣΟΔΩΝ ΣΤΗΝ ΟΙΚΟΝΟΜΙΚΗ ΕΠΙΔΟΣΗ ΤΩΝ ΕΜΠΟΡΙΚΩΝ ΤΡΑΠΕΖΩΝ ΠΟΥ ΕΙΝΑΙ ΚΑΤΑΤΕΘΕΙΣΜΕΝΕΣ ΣΤΗ ΣΙΕΡΑ ΛΕΟΝΕΣκοπός αυτής της μελέτης ήταν να καθοριστεί η επίδραση της ποικιλίας των εσόδων στην οικονομική απόδοση των εμπορικών τραπεζών στη Σιέρρα Λεόνε. Ένα περιγραφικό σχέδιο έρευνας υιοθετήθηκε. Πραγματοποιήθηκε ένας απογραφή που στόχευε στις εμπορικές τράπεζες που είναι καταχωρημένες στη Σιέρρα Λεόνε από το έτος 2018 έως το 2022. Η στατιστική σημαντικότητα κάθε ανεξάρτητης μεταβλητής ελέγχθηκε με εκτέλεση ενός τ-τεστ σε επίπεδο σημαντικότητας 5%. Η σημαντικότητα του μοντέλου παλινδρόμησης ελέγχθηκε με εκτέλεση ενός F-τεστ σε επίπεδο σημαντικότητας 5%. Το εξηγητικό δυναμικό των ανεξάρτητων μεταβλητών αξιολογήθηκε χρησιμοποιώντας το συντελεστή προσδιορισμού, R^2. Η μελέτη διαπίστωσε ότι η ποικιλία των εσόδων ήταν αρνητικά σχετιζόμενη με την οικονομική απόδ JEL: G21, G28, L25, O16 Article visualizations
MEASURING TECHNICAL EFFICIENCY AMONG DEPARTMENT OF TOURISM (DOT) ACCREDITED RESORTS IN DAVAO REGION: APPLICATION OF DATA ENVELOPMENT ANALYSIS (DEA)
Get PDFOne of the most important players in the hospitality and tourism industries is the resort industry. Data envelopment analysis (DEA) allows measuring the variation in efficiency between resorts businesses and in a particular time period. Furthermore, this technique allows the identification of the possible sources of inefficiency. The study developed a methodology utilizing the capabilities of Data Envelopment Analysis that provides a reasonably accurate means of evaluating the technical efficiency of DOT-accredited resorts in the Davao Region. Results of the study reveal that 18 out of 23 DMUs classified as fully efficient comprising 82.61% while the other 5 DMUs are under-efficient constituting 17.39% in total. Moreover, demographic characteristic significantly contributes to the efficient performance of DOT-accredited resorts in the Davao Region. These demographic characteristics, such as provincial category, type of resorts, and accessibility, provide policymakers, industry stakeholders, and tourism associations with information regarding the state of the tourism industry in various provinces, the type of resorts, and the means of reaching the resorts (accessibility). These results enable more focused assistance and coordinated efforts to improve the region's competitiveness and sustainability. Article visualizations
STRATEGIC MANAGEMENT OF THE SILVER ECONOMY: A EUROPEAN PERSPECTIVE
Get PDFThe global population is getting older at a remarkable rate, creating both challenges and opportunities for companies. The "silver economy" refers to the financial activities associated with the production, consumption and marketing of goods and services of interest to the elderly. It is a developing sector with potential for job creation and economic growth. In order to attract and retain skilled workers, companies need to be aware of changing demographic and work trends. Research in this scientific area is an ongoing process, and there is a growing body of literature on the subject. Further empirical studies are necessary to identify best practices for the management of enterprises in this domain. Technology has a crucial role to play in the development of new products and services for older people, making health care and social services more efficient, and connecting older people to each other and their communities. Companies need to consider the ethical and social implications of the silver economy and ensure that their products and services are non-discriminatory and non-ageing and respect the privacy and safety of older people. The paper aims to study the development of the silver economy in Greece and compare it with various European countries. The methodology employed is a literature review collecting studies carried out in Greece and Europe over the past nine years (2014-2022). Compared to other nations in Europe, the results indicate that the Greek nation still has significant progress to make in “Silver Economy”. Moreover, this paper adds new data to this emerging field of business literature by depicting empirical evidence of the valuable opportunities an ageing population presents for effective management. By examining this topic, the study provides insights that will contribute to a better understanding of how organizations benefit from the opportunities associated with managing an older population.ΣΤΡΑΤΗΓΙΚΗ ΔΙΑΧΕΙΡΙΣΗ ΤΗΣ ΑΡΓΥΡΗΣ ΟΙΚΟΝΟΜΙΑΣ: ΜΙΑ ΕΥΡΩΠΑΪΚΗ ΠΡΟΟΠΤΙΚΗΗ παγκόσμια πληθυσμιακή αύξηση γερνάει με σημαντικό ρυθμό, δημιουργώντας ταυτόχρονα προκλήσεις και ευκαιρίες για τις επιχειρήσεις. Η "αργυρή οικονομία" αναφέρεται στις χρηματοοικονομικές δραστηριότητες που σχετίζονται με την παραγωγή, την κατανάλωση και την εμπορία αγαθών και υπηρεσιών που ενδιαφέρουν τους ηλικιωμένους. Είναι ένας αναπτυσσόμενος τομέας με δυνατότητες για δημιουργία θέσεων εργασίας και οικονομική ανάπτυξη. Για να προσελκύσουν και να διατηρήσουν καταρτισμένους εργαζομένους, οι εταιρείες πρέπει να είναι ενήμερες για τις αλλαγές στη δημογραφία και τις τάσεις εργασίας. Η έρευνα σε αυτό το επιστημονικό πεδίο είναι ένα διαρκές διαδικασία, και υπάρχει ένα αυξανόμενο σώμα βιβλιογραφίας για το θέμα. Επιπλέον εμπειρικές μελέτες είναι απαραίτητες για την ανάδειξη των βέλτιστων πρακτικών για τη διαχείριση επιχειρήσεων σε αυτό τον τομέα. Η τεχνολογGESTION STRATÉGIQUE DE L'ÉCONOMIE ARGENTÉE : UNE PERSPECTIVE EUROPÉENNELa population mondiale vieillit à un rythme remarquable, créant à la fois des défis et des opportunités pour les entreprises. L'"économie argentée" désigne les activités financières associées à la production, à la consommation et à la commercialisation de biens et de services d'intérêt pour les personnes âgées. C'est un secteur en développement avec un potentiel de création d'emplois et de croissance économique. Pour attirer et fidéliser des travailleurs qualifiés, les entreprises doivent être conscientes des évolutions démographiques et des tendances du travail. La recherche dans ce domaine scientifique est un processus continu, et il existe un corpus croissant de littérature sur le sujet. D'autres études empiriques sont nécessaires pour identifier les meilleures pratiques en matière de gestion des entreprises dans ce domaine. La technologie joue un rôle crucial dans le développement de nouveaux produits et services pour les personnes âgées, rendant les soins de santé et les services sociaux plus efficaces, et connectant les personnes âgées entre elles et à leurs communautés. Les entreprises doivent tenir compte des implications éthiques et sociales de l'économie argentée et veiller à ce que leurs produits et services ne soient pas discriminatoires ni vieillissants et respectent la vie privée et la sécurité des personnes âgées. L'objectif de cet article est d'étudier le développement de l'économie argentée en Grèce et de le comparer avec différents pays européens. La méthodologie utilisée est une revue de littérature recueillant des études menées en Grèce et en Europe au cours des neuf dernières années (2014-2022). Comparativement à d'autres nations européennes, les résultats indiquent que la nation grecque doit encore faire des progrès significatifs dans l'"Économie Argentée". De plus, cet article ajoute de nouvelles données à ce domaine émergent de la littérature commerciale en dépeignant des preuves empiriques des opportunités précieuses qu'une population vieillissante présente pour une gestion efficace. En examinant ce sujet, l'étude fournit des perspectives qui contribueront à une meilleure compréhension de la manière dont les organisations bénéficient des opportunités associées à la gestion d'une population plus âgée.GESTIONE STRATEGICA DELL'ECONOMIA ARGENTEA: UNA PROSPETTIVA EUROPEALa popolazione globale sta invecchiando a un ritmo notevole, creando sfide e opportunità per le aziende. L'"economia argentea" si riferisce alle attività finanziarie associate alla produzione, consumo e commercializzazione di beni e servizi di interesse per gli anziani. È un settore in sviluppo con potenziale per la creazione di posti di lavoro e crescita economica. Per attrarre e trattenere lavoratori qualificati, le aziende devono essere consapevoli dei cambiamenti demografici e delle tendenze lavorative. La ricerca in questo settore scientifico è un processo in corso, e c'è un crescente corpus di letteratura sull'argomento. Ulteriori studi empirici sono necessari per identificare le migliori pratiche per la gestione delle imprese in questo settore. La tecnologia ha un ruolo cruciale nello sviluppo di nuovi prodotti e servizi per gli anziani, rendendo l'assistenza sanitaria e i servizi sociali più efficienti e connettendo gli anziani tra loro e alle loro comunità. Le aziende devono considerare le implicazioni etiche e sociali dell'economia argentea e garantire che i loro prodotti e servizi siano non discriminatori e non invecchianti e rispettino la privacy e la sicurezza degli anziani. Lo scopo di questo articolo è studiare lo sviluppo dell'economia argentea in Grecia e confrontarlo con vari paesi europei. La metodologia impiegata è una revisione della letteratura che raccoglie studi condotti in Grecia e in Europa negli ultimi nove anni (2014-2022). Rispetto ad altre nazioni europee, i risultati indicano che la nazione greca ha ancora significativi progressi da compiere nell'"Economia Argentea". Inoltre, questo articolo aggiunge nuovi dati a questo campo emergente della letteratura aziendale descrivendo prove empiriche delle preziose opportunità che una popolazione invecchiante presenta per una gestione efficace. Esaminando questo argomento, lo studio fornisce spunti che contribuiranno a una migliore comprensione di come le organizzazioni traggano vantaggio dalle opportunità associate alla gestione di una popolazione più anziana.GESTIÓN ESTRATÉGICA DE LA ECONOMÍA PLATEADA: UNA PERSPECTIVA EUROPEALa población mundial está envejeciendo a un ritmo notable, lo que crea desafíos y oportunidades para las empresas. La "economía plateada" se refiere a las actividades financieras asociadas con la producción, consumo y comercialización de bienes y servicios de interés para los ancianos. Es un sector en desarrollo con potencial para la creación de empleo y crecimiento económico. Para atraer y retener trabajadores cualificados, las empresas deben ser conscientes de los cambios demográficos y las tendencias laborales. La investigación en este ámbito científico es un proceso continuo, y existe un creciente cuerpo de literatura sobre el tema. Se necesitan más estudios empíricos para identificar las mejores prácticas para la gestión de empresas en este ámbito. La tecnología juega un papel crucial en el desarrollo de nuevos productos y servicios para personas mayores, haciendo que la atención médica y los servicios sociales sean más eficientes y conectando a las personas mayores entre sí y con sus comunidades. Las empresas deben tener en cuenta las implicaciones éticas y sociales de la economía plateada y asegurarse de que sus productos y servicios no sean discriminatorios ni envejecidos y respeten la privacidad y la seguridad de las personas mayores. El objetivo de este artículo es estudiar el desarrollo de la economía plateada en Grecia y compararlo con varios países europeos. La metodología empleada es una revisión de la literatura que recopila estudios realizados en Grecia y Europa en los últimos nueve años (2014-2022). En comparación con otras naciones europeas, los resultados indican que la nación griega aún tiene un progreso significativo por hacer en la "Economía Plateada". Además, este artículo agrega nuevos datos a este campo emergente de la literatura empresarial al describir pruebas empíricas de las valiosas oportunidades que una población envejecida presenta para una gestión efectiva. Al examinar este tema, el estudio proporciona información que contribuirá a una mejor comprensión de cómo las organizaciones se benefician de las oportunidades asociadas con la gestión de una población más anciana.GESTÃO ESTRATÉGICA DA ECONOMIA PRATEADA: UMA PERSPECTIVA EUROPEIAA população global está envelhecendo a uma taxa notável, criando desafios e oportunidades para as empresas. A "economia prateada" refere-se às atividades financeiras associadas à produção, consumo e comercialização de bens e serviços de interesse para os idosos. É um setor em desenvolvimento com potencial para criação de empregos e crescimento econômico. Para atrair e reter trabalhadores qualificados, as empresas precisam estar cientes das mudanças demográficas e das tendências de trabalho. A pesquisa nesta área científica é um processo contínuo, e há um crescente corpo de literatura sobre o assunto. Mais estudos empíricos são necessários para identificar as melhores práticas para a gestão de empresas neste domínio. A tecnologia desempenha um papel crucial no desenvolvimento de novos produtos e serviços para idosos, tornando os cuidados de saúde e os serviços sociais mais eficientes e conectando os idosos entre si e com suas comunidades. As empresas precisam considerar as implicações éticas e sociais da economia prateada e garantir que seus produtos e serviços não sejam discriminatórios nem envelheçam e respeitem a privacidade e a segurança dos idosos. O objetivo deste artigo é estudar o desenvolvimento da economia prateada na Grécia e compará-lo com vários países europeus. A metodologia utilizada é uma revisão da literatura que recolhe estudos realizados na Grécia e na Europa nos últimos nove anos (2014-2022). Comparativamente a outras nações europeias, os resultados indicam que a nação grega ainda tem progressos significativos a fazer na "Economia Prateada". Além disso, este artigo adiciona novos dados a este campo emergente da literatura empresarial ao retratar evidências empíricas das valiosas oportunidades que uma população envelhecida apresenta para uma gestão eficaz. Ao examinar este tópico, o estudo fornece insights que contribuirão para uma melhor compreensão de como as organizações se beneficiam das oportunidades associadas à gestão de uma população mais idosa. Article visualizations
A TRIANGULATED STUDY ON OCCUPATIONAL ENGLISH LANGUAGE NEEDS OF IRANIAN BANK CLERKS
Get PDFNowadays, English for Specific Purposes (ESP) is a major area of interest worldwide. The researchers believe that ESP is an enterprise involving education, training and practice; it draws upon three major realms of knowledge: language, pedagogy and the students’ specialist areas of interest. This study attempts to investigate the present and target occupational English needs of Iranian bank clerks and also find a significant difference between Iranian bank clerks’ and English for Occupational Purposes (EOP) teachers’ perceptions of present and target occupational English needs. For this purpose, two groups (a total of 60 participants) were studied. The first group included 40 bank clerks out of 10 banks in Rasht, Iran, and the other group included 20 EOP teachers from two Iranian universities in Rasht (Islamic Azad University and University of Guilin). They were MA and PhD holders in English Teaching and Applied Linguistics. The data were collected through two semi-structured interviews and two questionnaires for both EOP teachers and bank clerks. The data were analyzed using the SPSS software, and the results obtained through descriptive and inferential statistics, including the Mann-Whitney U Test, revealed a significant difference between bank clerks’ and EOP teachers’ perceptions of present and target occupational English needs. Therefore, it is proposed that stakeholders consider these perceptual mismatches, as they influence the effectiveness of EOP classes and courses to a great extent. Article visualizations
ECONOMICS, STATE AND RELIGION IN EUROPE
Get PDFThis paper will explore the relationship between religious, especially Christian, bodies and entities and European States and political institutions, focusing largely on its juridical and economic aspects and inclinations, with the intent of producing a general overview of the interconnectedness and complicated relations of religion and economics in modern-day Europe. The primary focus of this text will center on financial attitudes and practices, specifically exploring the various approaches that define how States can allocate funds to religious denominations. The first part will explore the relationship between politics, economics and religion within the European Area from a theoretical and historical perspective, while also briefly illustrating a general outline of Europe’s current religious structure. The second part will be focused on the three main financing models that are adopted by Present-day European States in regards to religious denominations: direct financing; mixed models, namely the Church System and those related to Income Tax donations; absent or minimal funding. Article visualizations
DEMOCRACY IN PERIL: ANALYZING THE EROSION OF DEMOCRATIC INSTITUTIONS AND THE PROLIFERATION OF COUP D’ÉTATS IN WEST AFRICA - A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF GUINEA, MALI, BURKINA FASO AND NIGER
Get PDFThe worrying decline in democratic institutions and the rise in coup d'états across West Africa constitute the issue that this thesis examines, and it is unquestionably one of the utmost importance. This problem necessitates thorough research since it poses a threat to regional stability and a grave threat to the very principles of democratic governance in a diverse and complicated region of the world. The study aims to delve into the underlying causes and effects of these trends, highlighting how crucial it is to improve our understanding of the many problems facing democracy in the region. Article visualizations
CAREER PATHWAYS OF BS LEGAL MANAGEMENT GRADUATES: A K-MODE CLUSTER ANALYSIS THROUGH THE LENS OF KRUMBOLTZ'S SOCIAL LEARNING THEORY
Get PDFThis research focuses on the career history of BS Legal Management graduates about the Social Learning Theory of Career Decision Making by Krumboltz. The research aims to explore the factors interplaying in graduates' career history by conducting descriptive-correlational research and K-Mode Clustering analysis. Seventeen graduates surveyed in this study covered employment status, job characteristics, and career satisfaction. Results show that there are distinct clusters concerning career outcomes, underpinning both prevalent patterns and individual trajectories among graduates. These results suggest that whereas many respondents secure positions pertinent to their field of study, variability in career paths is notable, conditioned by contextual factors, educational experiences, and unanticipated circumstances. It shows the value of university education in many job positions, even those not directly related to legal management. High satisfaction levels are reported in many careers, which supports Krumboltz's contention that adaptability and learning are critical roles in career development. The findings offer a wealth of information relevant to curriculum development and career counseling in the instruction of legal management—this being an argument for a view that students need to be prepared for diverse career possibilities and embrace dynamism in career journeys within the modern job market. JEL: J24, M12 Article visualizations
FACTORS INFLUENCING THE VALUE OF VIETNAM'S AGRICULTURAL EXPORTS TO THE MARKETS OF MEMBER COUNTRIES OF THE REGIONAL COMPREHENSIVE ECONOMIC PARTNERSHIP (RCEP)
Get PDFThis study aims to investigate the determinants of Vietnam's agricultural export values to the Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership (RCEP) member countries. Employing a quantitative analysis methodology within the post-RCEP effectuation landscape, the gravity model scrutinises the factors influencing export performance. The research encompasses an assessment of five key determinants: Vietnam's Gross Domestic Product (GDP), the GDP of RCEP member states, the proportion of agricultural land, geographical proximity, and bilateral exchange rates. Based on the empirical findings derived from the model, the author proposes a series of policy implications aimed at enhancing trade engagement with the RCEP market, catering to the government and business enterprises.JEL: F13, F15 Article visualizations