European Journals of Social Sciences Studies
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GENDER EMPOWERMENT AND EQUALITY IN NEPAL: CURRENT ANALYSIS
Get PDFThis research has explored the roles, opportunities, decision-making processes, responsibilities, and various issues related to gender and the status of women in society. It compares women with their male counterparts across several areas, including household duties, economic conditions, education, health, political engagement, and community decision-making. The main aim has been to perform a contemporary situational analysis of women’s empowerment and rural development, utilizing both primary and secondary data. The focus is on gender inequality, socio-economic factors, political involvement, and demographic trends. The main findings have highlighted that those women, in their journey towards empowerment, require substantial support from their families, communities, and the nation. They have faced significant barriers to accessing opportunities for income generation, employment, decision-making roles, property ownership, and participation in political processes. The majority of women have been primarily engaged in household duties, contributing to their lower socio-economic status. This research seeks to improve the status of women in the study area by highlighting the importance of government policies and programs that include women in development efforts. Addressing these challenges through empowerment has become crucial not only for improving women's lives but also for fostering economic development within the community and the country at large. Apart from the aforementioned suggestions, Constitutional and Legal Framework, National Plan and Policies, Quotas and Representation, Education and Health, Economic Empowerment, Combatting Gender-Based Violence, and Cultural and Social Change, Education and Awareness have been found the policies to be adopted for the gender empowerment and equality in the present condition of Nepal. Despite these policies, challenges such as patriarchal norms, economic disparities, and implementation gaps persist. Continued efforts are needed to ensure effective enforcement of laws, address cultural barriers, and achieve substantive gender equality in Nepal. Likewise, Legal and Policy Framework, Economic Empowerment, Political Participation, Healthcare and Reproductive Rights, Combat Gender-Based Violence, Media and Communication, Community Engagement and Partnerships, Data Collection and Research, and Monitoring and Evaluation have been identified as the ways of gender empowerment and equality in the present context of Nepal. Implementing these strategies requires commitment and collaboration across government, civil society, the private sector, and international partners. Achieving gender equality is a long-term endeavor that necessitates ongoing effort and investment across various sectors simultaneously. Article visualizations
TAILLE DE LA FAMILLE, STATUT DE SCOLARISATION ET NIVEAU D’ADDICTION AUX PARIS SPORTIFS CHEZ DES ABIDJANAIS, CÔTE D’IVOIRE / FAMILY SIZE, EDUCATIONAL STATUS AND LEVEL OF ADDICTION TO SPORTS BETTING AMONG ABIDJANS, CÔTE D’IVOIRE
No full textL’addiction aux paris sportifs prend une proportion importante en Côte d’Ivoire avec l’avènement et l’accessibilité des NTIC. C’est ainsi que le statut de scolarisation des parieurs et la taille de la famille retiennent notre attention pour leur implication dans l’addiction aux jeux. À l’aide d’un questionnaire et de l’Indice Canadien du Jeu Excessif (ICJE) (Ferris et Wynne, 2001), nous avons sélectionné 170 joueurs du jeu Sportcash à Yopougon. Agés de 18 à 35 ans, ils sont tous du sexe masculin et comptabilisent au moins un (1) an de pratique du jeu de pari Sportcash. Les résultats montrent que les joueurs qui ont une pratique excessive du jeu Sportcash sont issus de familles nombreuses et sont déscolarisés. Ces résultats confirment les hypothèses émises et vont dans le sens des travaux antérieurs. Cette étude pourrait aider à prévenir l’addiction et à lutter contre ses méfaits par une connaissance des facteurs de risque et le développement de programmes de prévention ciblés.Addiction to sports betting is taking on a significant proportion in Côte d’Ivoire with the advent and accessibility of NICT. This is how the educational status of bettors and the size of the family attract our attention for their implication in gambling addiction. Using a questionnaire and the Canadian Excessive Gambling Index (CIGI) (Ferris and Wynne, 2001), we selected 170 players of the Sportcash game in Yopougon. Aged 18 to 35, they are all male and have at least one (1) year of playing the Sportcash betting game. The results show that players who play Sportcash excessively come from large families and are out of school. These results confirm the hypotheses put forward and are in line with previous work. This study could help prevent addiction and fight against its harmful effects through knowledge of risk factors and the development of targeted prevention programs. Article visualizations
IS THE AFRICAN UNION DEAD OR ALIVE? ASSESSMENT OF THE CHALLENGES AND PROSPECTS / EST-CE QUE L'UNION AFRICAINE EST ENCORE ACTIVE OU EN DÉCLIN ? ÉVALUATION DES DÉFIS ET DES PERSPECTIVES
No full textThe African continent is experiencing political and socioeconomic crises across its territories in the twenty-first century. Indeed, several African countries are experiencing significant challenges, such as Nigeria facing potential state failure, the Ambazonia/Cameroon conflict, political unrest and insurgency in Mali, Niger, Burkina Faso, and Chad, as well as issues in the Central African Republic, Somalia, South Sudan, and the Democratic Republic of the Congo, to name a few. This paper critically examines the functionality of the African Union (AU) by delving into the inherent challenges and opportunities it holds for the continent. Since its establishment, the African Union has been central to Africa's aspirations for unity, development, and progress. However, its effectiveness in addressing the continent's diverse challenges remains a subject of debate. The study focused its analysis on institutional decay theory. The study employed secondary data and conducted a thorough examination using descriptive analysis and logical induction. This paper identifies the key challenges impeding the AU’s functionality, ranging from institutional weakness to limited financial resources and political will. Also, the study revealed several incidences of docility in the African Union. The study supports the perspective that the African Union is no longer functional, as it advocates for an African renaissance to create a new pan-African Union.Au cours du XXIe siècle, le continent africain est confronté à des crises politiques et socio-économiques à travers ses territoires. En effet, de nombreux pays africains sont confrontés à d'importants défis, tels que le risque de défaillance de l'État au Nigeria, le conflit Ambazonie/Cameroun, les troubles politiques et l'insurrection au Mali, au Niger, au Burkina Faso et au Tchad, ainsi que les problèmes en République centrafricaine, en Somalie, au Soudan du Sud et en République démocratique du Congo, pour n'en citer que quelques-uns. Cet article examine de manière critique le fonctionnement de l'Union africaine (UA) en explorant les défis et les opportunités inhérents qu'elle représente pour le continent. Depuis sa création, l'Union Africaine a joué un rôle central dans les aspirations de l'Afrique en matière d'unité, de développement et de progrès. Cependant, son efficacité pour répondre aux divers défis du continent reste un sujet de débat. L'étude a concentré son analyse sur la théorie de la décadence institutionnelle. L'étude a utilisé des données secondaires et a mené un examen approfondi en utilisant une analyse descriptive et une induction logique. Cet article met en lumière les principaux défis qui entravent le bon fonctionnement de l'UA, allant de la faiblesse institutionnelle aux ressources financières limitées et à la volonté politique. De plus, l'étude a mis en lumière plusieurs cas de docilité au sein de l'Union Africaine. L'étude soutient l'idée que l'Union africaine n'est plus fonctionnelle, car elle prône une renaissance africaine pour instaurer une nouvelle Union panafricaine. Article visualizations
RECURRENT EXPENDITURE ON INTERNAL SECURITY AND ECONOMIC GROWTH IN NIGERIA
Get PDFIt is the responsibility of the government to ensure the internal safety of those living in the country. This is because it (the government) has the resources needed to deploy and ensure that the country is safe. To achieve internal safety, the federal government of Nigeria has continued to increase expenditure on internal security with a view of securing all those living in the country for investment and innovation. Thus, this paper investigated the relationship between government recurrent expenditure on internal security and economic growth in Nigeria from 1980 to 2022. The data for the study were sourced from Central Bank of Nigeria statistical bulletin. The Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) model was employed as the main analytical tool. The results of the analyses revealed the presence of a long-run association among the variables. The results also showed that in the long run, government recurrent expenditure on internal security has a positive and insignificant relationship with economic growth in Nigeria. At the same time, exchange rate has a positive and significant relationship with economic growth in Nigeria. Also, interest rate has a negative and significant relationship with economic growth in Nigeria. In the short run, government recurrent expenditure on internal security has a negative and significant relationship with economic growth in Nigeria. The exchange rate and interest rate have a positive and significant relationship with economic growth in Nigeria. The study concluded that the relationship between government recurrent expenditure on internal security and economic growth in Nigeria varies, as it could be positive (in the long run) or negative (in the short run). Therefore, the study recommended that recurrent expenditure on internal security which includes pay to officers, salaries to specialists within internal security forces or connected to internal security organizations, pensions of internal security personnel; and social services for personnel and their families; maintenance and operations; internal security research and development, medical services, etc. should be increased because in the long run it will provide a spin-off effect on the national economy and increase economic growth. Article visualizations
DEVELOPMENT OF ENERGY SECURITY MODEL IN THE PHILIPPINES
Get PDFThe rationale behind conducting this study lies in the Philippines' lack of a comprehensive energy security model, leading to weaknesses in the energy sector that affect accessibility, cost-effectiveness, technological advancements, environmental sustainability, and governance and innovation. This study aims to address the need for a comprehensive energy security model specifically tailored for the Philippines. By employing various research methodologies, including Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and Structural Equation Modeling (SEM), the study aims to identify significant relationships between variables and energy security dimensions, providing valuable insights for informed policy decisions and strategic directions in the energy sector. The findings of the study reveal a complex and interconnected energy security landscape in the Philippines. JEL: O10; O13; O21 Article visualizations
THE IMPACT OF VALUE-ADDED TAX ON REVENUE PERFORMANCE IN SIERRA LEONE: CASE STUDY OF THE NATIONAL REVENUE AUTHORITY IN SIERRA LEONE
Get PDFValue Added Tax (VAT) is a significant source of revenue for many countries around the world and Sierra Leone is not an exception. In Sierra Leone, GST is synonymous with VAT. It is a consumption-based tax levied on the value added at each stage of production or distribution of goods and services. VAT is designed to be collected at multiple stages of the supply chain, with businesses collecting the tax from their customers and then remitting it to the government. The revenue generated from VAT can play a crucial role in funding various government initiatives, including infrastructure development, healthcare, education, and other essential services. However, it is important to note that the effectiveness of VAT in increasing revenue collection in developing countries can depend on various factors, including the design of the VAT system, administrative capacity, compliance culture, and the overall economic context. Implementing VAT effectively may require addressing challenges related to taxpayer education, administrative capacity building, and ensuring that the tax burden does not disproportionately affect low-income individuals. This research aimed to understand the relationship between VAT and the increase in revenue collection. Except for the periods during the Ebola Virus Disease (EVD or Ebola) and Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, the research findings revealed a positive relationship between VAT and an increase in revenue collection in Sierra Leone. Furthermore, the research revealed that there is an inverse relationship between the outbreak of a pandemic and revenue collection. VAT is likely to remain a fundamental part of tax systems in most countries due to its revenue-raising potential; however, it needs to be adapted and improved to meet society's changing needs and demands. Article visualizations
SOCIAL SECTOR EXPENDITURES AND ECONOMIC WELLBEING IN NIGERIA: AN EMPIRICAL ANALYSIS
Get PDFEnsuring improved economic wellbeing is a vital requirement for a peaceful and stable society. However, leaving the responsibility of providing the needed ingredients for enhancing economic wellbeing to a self-interest driven institutional arrangement in a developing economy will most likely result in market failure. It is then necessary that the extra-market institution of Nigeria, given its resource capacity, intervene to provide critical social goods to enhance the economic wellbeing of its citizens. Thus, this paper empirically studied social sector expenditures’ effects on Nigerians’ economic wellbeing, over the sample period 1981 to 2022. Specifically, social sector expenditures are indicated by defence, health, education and transportation expenditures, while the Human Development Index is employed as a proxy for economic wellbeing. Data from the World Bank’s World Development Indicators and the statistical data bulletin of Nigeria’s Central Bank are utilised by applying the ‘Autoregressive Distributed Lag’ analytical procedure. Accordingly, the estimation established that the federal government’s social outlays in defence, health, and education positively and significantly influenced economic wellbeing (Human Development Index) over the short and the long runs, while transportation spendings positively and insignificantly impacted the regressand. Based on the research findings, it is concluded that social sector expenditures are indispensable and vital for improving the economic wellbeing of Nigerians. Following the empirical evidence, the researchers recommended that the federal government should, inter alia, allocate a significant portion of the defence expenditure to strategic planning and modernization efforts by investing in advanced technology, equipment, and training to ensure that the armed forces are adequately equipped to handle evolving threats. Article visualizations
A STUDY ON MAKING SOLAR-POWERED IRRIGATION SYSTEM ECONOMICALLY VIABLE AND SOCIALLY ACCEPTABLE IN BANGLADESH
Get PDFSolar power is at the forefront of sustainable development discussions due to the global movement toward renewable energy. In Bangladesh, where agriculture is vital to the economy, sustainable irrigation is crucial. This thesis investigates the economic viability and socio-economic acceptability of solar-powered irrigation systems (SPIS) in Bogra, Bangladesh. Several approaches have been proposed to make solar power irrigation in Bangladesh more profitable. High-value crops like summer tomatoes and hybrid vegetables highlight the economic benefits and increased profitability of solar-powered irrigation systems. Furthermore, it is imperative to decrease the expenses associated with these systems. Partnering with government agencies to make vital equipment affordable and accessible can achieve this goal. Researching new methods and localized production can also lower solar panel prices. A collaborative technique between marginal and large-scale farmers can help small-scale farmers afford solar power irrigation by distributing costs fairly. Government backing, expanded R&D, localized manufacture, training, and subsidies can also help solar-powered irrigation become economically sustainable. To improve socio-economic acceptability, solar power irrigation benefits must be promoted and communicated. Training, informed advertising, and successful case studies help build faith in the technology and motivate farmers to employ it. Community involvement and practical examples in Bogra can boost social approval as farmers see the benefits of solar-powered irrigation. Sharecroppers, a large part of Bangladesh's agricultural community, need subsidies or reasonable financing. This paper examines the economic viability and socio-economic acceptability of solar-powered irrigation systems in Bangladesh, specifically in Bogra. The goal is to sustainably enhance agriculture in the region by examining many options and strategic methods. This field addresses the critical need for environmentally friendly and sustainable irrigation solutions. Article visualizations
EMPLOYMENT JOURNEY OF TECHNICAL TEACHERS: STORIES TO TELL
Get PDFThis study sought to examine and evaluate the difficulties that Technical Teachers encountered in their search for employment, from obtaining licensure and competing with other graduates to securing the actual job itself. The study utilized thematic analysis and the descriptive phenomenological approach to explain the common experiences of the twelve graduates of the Bachelor of Technical Teacher Education program. This research delved into the experiences of these graduates as they navigated the job market. The past qualitative study highlighted the following: technical teachers faced significant challenges in securing employment. It was important to understand these challenges and support future technical teachers. The study also examined the challenges they faced, the coping strategies they adopted, and the insightful advice they provided for navigating the road to a fruitful teaching career. The recurring themes based on participants' coping strategies with the challenges included investing in professional development opportunities, tapping into support systems, possessing a positive mindset, and keeping the faith burning. The recurring themes based on participants' insights that they wanted to share with their fellow Technical Teacher students and graduates regarding what they had learned about their employability journey included the importance of college training and internships, the need for continuous learning in the field, and the vitality of working hard in the process. The difficulties and successes that Technical Teachers faced were highlighted by these recurrent themes. Additionally, more research on this topic could be conducted in the future to look more closely at the areas covered by the Technical Teacher Education program. Article visualizations
THE STUDY OF CREDIT RISK MANAGEMENT AND ITS IMPACT ON OPERATIONAL PERFORMANCE: CASE STUDY OF THE STANDARD CHARTERED BANK IN SIERRA LEONE
Get PDFManaging credit risk is a crucial concern for banks in light of various factors such as global economic crises, digital transformation, technological advancements, and the use of artificial intelligence in banking. Regulators and the Basel regulations require banks to have a transparent and comprehensive understanding of their customers and credit risk. Banks must keep track of, assess, limit, and evaluate credit risk in their entire portfolio and single transactions, as well as consider its connection with other types of risks. The Basel II Accord provides standards for banks to implement new methods for measuring and handling credit risk. Effective credit risk management can impact banks' performance, earnings, and image. Liquidity risk management is another key aspect that requires banks to have a robust process for identifying, measuring, monitoring, and controlling liquidity risk. Banks must have contingency funding plans (CFPs) that clearly outline the strategies for dealing with liquidity shortages in crises. They should also hold a buffer of unencumbered, high-quality liquid assets to protect against various liquidity stress scenarios. Bank performance is a multidimensional concept that encompasses financial and market performance, human resource performance, organizational efficiency, and customer-centered performance. It is often assessed holistically by considering these and other relevant dimensions. The specific components that contribute to bank performance may vary depending on the methodology used by researchers or analysts. The research findings suggest that effective management of credit risk has improved the operational performance and liquidity of the bank. Operational performance has a wide range of factors, such as financial and market performance, human resource performance, organizational efficiency, and customer-concentrated performance. However, for this research, operational performance was limited to the bank’s profitability, equity, asset efficiency, and return on equity, which fall under the purview of the financial factor. Article visualizations