European Journals of Social Sciences Studies
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ASSESSMENT ON DISASTER PREPAREDNESS, RELATED-KNOWLEDGE, AND ADAPTATION AMONG INTERMEDIATE-LEVEL STUDENTS
Get PDFThis study aimed to assess disaster preparedness, disaster-related knowledge, and disaster adaptation among intermediate-level students. The study employed the non-experimental quantitative research design utilizing the descriptive-comparative method and stratified random sampling with Mean, t-test, and Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) as statistical tools. Researchers used adapted and validated survey questionnaires in gathering the data from the seventy (70) target respondents. The result showed that the levels of students’ disaster preparedness, related knowledge and adaptation were high or oftentimes manifested. This means that students understand the importance of sharing knowledge and learning from experts, are confident in school preparedness, and are willing to engage in discussions about disasters with various groups. It was also found that the students’ demographic profiles do not have a significant difference in their disaster preparedness and disaster-related knowledge. There was a significant difference in the disaster adaptation of the students when analyzed according to grade level. However, no significant differences were found when analyzed according to gender and age. Overall results emphasize how crucial it is to have inclusive, effective, and context-sensitive disaster risk reduction (DRR) programs included in school curricula. Maintaining and reinforcing existing initiatives aimed at disaster preparedness, including sharing knowledge, learning from experts, and instilling confidence in school preparedness measures, is recommended. Article visualizations
STRESS DES PARENTS DES ENFANTS ASTHMATIQUES DE KINSHASA (LA CULPABILITE PARENTALE À L’EPREUVE DE LA MALADIE DE L’ENFANT) / STRESS OF PARENTS OF ASTHMATIC CHILDREN FROM KINSHASA (PARENTAL GUILT IN THE TRIAL OF THE CHILD’S ILLNESS)
No full textCette étude a concerné 180 parents des enfants souffrant d’asthme dans la ville de Kinshasa, capitale de la RDC. Nous les avons rencontrés dans quelques hôpitaux de ladite ville. Après les avoir soumis l’échelle d’index de stress parental, nous avons constaté que les parents des enfants asthmatiques sont stressés. Car, l'asthme de l'enfant est ressenti par les parents comme un drame suscitant de l'angoisse et de la culpabilité. Par conséquent, ils sont stressés à cause de l’état sanitaire de leurs enfants.This study involved 180 parents of children suffering from asthma in the city of Kinshasa, the capital of the DRC, who met in several hospitals in the said city. After submitting them to the Parental Stress Index scale, we found that parents of asthmatic children are stressed. Because the child's asthma is felt by parents as a tragedy causing anxiety and guilt. Consequently, they are in distress because of the health condition of their children. Article visualizations
CONVERGENCE IN CRISIS; SECURITISATION OF MIGRATION AND THE ROLE OF THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC IN SECURITISING MIGRATION
Get PDFThe COVID-19 global pandemic made countries, humanitarian and health organizations to evoke the concept of global crisis embedded in existential threats as control measures to it (COVID-19). The application of securitisation through crisification as control measure to the COVID-19 pandemic made the entire global system to perceive an imminent danger of a global health catastrophe. The perceived imminent global health catastrophe led to the convergence of migration restrictions amongst the comity of nations to close their borders to migrants, detain migrants, isolate and quarantine migrants as well as instituting mandatory COVID-19 test and vaccinations for the global populace as well as migrants. The convergence in global migration restrictions and controls stemmed from the fact that, the COVID-19 virus spread across the globe through migrants and migration related activities from the epicentre (Wuhan-China). The convergence in migration restrictions made global south countries to also accept some of the control measures imposed on migrants and migration related activities by countries of the global north. The convergence in the securitisation of migration during the COVID-19 pandemic set a bad precedence for global south countries, which are the main sources of documented and undocumented migrants to the global north. The global convergence in the securitisation of migration as control measures to the COVID-19 pandemic are likely to make global south countries which have porous borders to toe the line of the global north countries in restricting migration and migrants. The lessons from the global border closures during the COVID-19 pandemic must be an eye opener to global south countries which are the major receivers of global remittances. These lessons must force governments in the global south to create avenues of employment for the teeming youth not to rely on international migration as a means of survival and last resort in terms of livelihood strategies. Article visualizations
CLIMATE CHANGE AND ENVIRONMENTAL DEGRADATION: A SERIOUS THREAT TO GLOBAL SECURITY
Get PDFClimate change and environmental degradation are significant threats to the survival of humanity. However, existing research focuses on the nexus between climate change and environmental degradation, highlighting the causes that strengthen the relationship. Despite experts expressing strong sentiments about the two phenomena being risks to global security, the assertions have drawn inadequate attention from scholars and practitioners, who prioritize illustrating the causes and impacts of climate change and environmental degradation instead. This narrative review aims to fill the gap by presenting evidence that affirms the theory about climate change and environmental degradation being primary security concerns for contemporary society. Climate change and environmental degradation cause security concerns through threats to military infrastructure and installations, depletion of resources leading to conflicts over disputed claims, and displacement of people, causing migration and refugees. Therefore, mitigating the causes of climate change is the most plausible strategy for reducing the threat to national and global security. Article visualizations
ASSESSING THE ROLE OF INTERNAL AUDIT IN PROCUREMENT PROCESSES AND PROCEDURES: A CASE STUDY OF THE NATIONAL REVENUE AUTHORITY IN SIERRA LEONE
Get PDFIn the framework of procurement practices and procedures within the National Revenue Authority (NRA) of Sierra Leone, this case study explores the critical function of internal audit. The aim of this article is to evaluate how the internal audit function ensures accountability, openness, and efficiency in the organization's procurement processes. Since the procurement process involves the acquisition of products and services and works to support organizational objectives, it is essential to the successful operation of public bodies. Nonetheless, it is vulnerable to a number of dangers, including mismanagement, fraud, corruption, and regulatory noncompliance. An essential oversight tool for reducing these risks and improving the procurement process's general integrity is internal audit. This study uses a qualitative research methodology, collecting data through observations, document analysis, and interviews. The results show that the NRA of Sierra Leone's internal audit division significantly contributes to the advancement of accountability, openness, and effectiveness in procurement operations. In order to make sure that procurement practices and procedures comply with applicable laws, rules, and corporate policies, the internal audit department regularly audits them. Additionally, the internal auditors offer insightful analysis and helpful suggestions to strengthen internal control frameworks, optimize procurement procedures, and reduce risks related to the process. By participating in pre- and post-procurement activities, they assist in spotting and resolving possible irregularities, protecting the company's assets and good name. The study did identify several difficulties, though, such as a lack of funding, inadequate training for internal auditors on procurement-related topics, and the requirement for improved cooperation between the internal audit function and other procurement-related departments.ÉVALUATION DU RÔLE DE L'AUDIT INTERNE DANS LES PROCESSUS ET PROCÉDURES D'APPROVISIONNEMENT : UNE ÉTUDE DE CAS DE L'AUTORITÉ NATIONALE DE REVENUS EN SIERRA LEONEDans le cadre des pratiques et procédures d'approvisionnement au sein de l'Autorité nationale des revenus (ANR) de Sierra Leone, cette étude de cas explore la fonction critique de l'audit interne. L'objectif de cet article est d'évaluer comment la fonction d'audit interne assure la responsabilité, l'ouverture et l'efficacité dans les processus d'approvisionnement de l'organisation. Étant donné que le processus d'approvisionnement implique l'acquisition de produits et de services et vise à soutenir les objectifs organisationnels, il est essentiel au bon fonctionnement des organismes publics. Néanmoins, il est vulnérable à plusieurs dangers, notamment la mauvaise gestion, la fraude, la corruption et la non-conformité réglementaire. Un outil de surveillance essentiel pour réduire ces risques et améliorer l'intégrité générale du processus d'approvisionnement est l'audit interne. Cette étude utilise une méthodologie de recherche qualitative, collectant des données par des observations, une analyse de documents et des entretiens. Les résultats montrent que la division d'audit interne de l'ANR de Sierra Leone contribue de manière significative à l'avancement de la responsabilité, de l'ouverture et de l'efficacité dans les opérations d'approvisionnement. Afin de s'assurer que les pratiques et procédures d'approvisionnement sont conformes aux lois, règles et politiques d'entreprise applicables, le département d'audit interne les audite régulièrement. De plus, les auditeurs internes offrent une analyse perspicace et des suggestions utiles pour renforcer les cadres de contrôle interne, optimiser les procédures d'approvisionnement et réduire les risques liés au processus. En participant aux activités pré et post-approvisionnement, ils contribuent à repérer et à résoudre d'éventuelles irrégularités, protégeant ainsi les actifs et la réputation de l'entreprise. L'étude a cependant identifié plusieurs difficultés, telles qu'un manque de financement, une formation inadéquate des auditeurs internes sur les sujets liés à l'approvisionnement et la nécessité d'une meilleure coopération entre la fonction d'audit interne et les autres départements liés à l'approvisionnement.VALUTAZIONE DEL RUOLO DELLA REVISIONE INTERNA NEI PROCESSI E PROCEDURE DI ACQUISTO: UNO STUDIO DI CASO DELL'AUTORITÀ DELLE ENTRATE NAZIONALI IN SIERRA LEONENel quadro delle pratiche e procedure di acquisto all'interno dell'Autorità delle Entrate Nazionali (NRA) della Sierra Leone, questo studio di caso esplora la funzione critica della revisione interna. Lo scopo di questo articolo è valutare come la funzione di revisione interna garantisca la responsabilità, l'apertura e l'efficienza nei processi di acquisto dell'organizzazione. Poiché il processo di acquisto coinvolge l'acquisizione di prodotti e servizi e mira a sostenere gli obiettivi organizzativi, è essenziale per il corretto funzionamento degli enti pubblici. Tuttavia, è vulnerabile a diversi pericoli, tra cui cattiva gestione, frode, corruzione e non conformità normativa. Uno strumento di supervisione essenziale per ridurre questi rischi e migliorare l'integrità generale del processo di acquisto è la revisione interna. Questo studio utilizza una metodologia di ricerca qualitativa, raccogliendo dati attraverso osservazioni, analisi documentale e interviste. I risultati mostrano che la divisione di revisione interna della NRA della Sierra Leone contribuisce significativamente all'avanzamento della responsabilità, dell'apertura e dell'efficacia nelle operazioni di acquisto. Per garantire che le pratiche e le procedure di acquisto siano conformi alle leggi, regolamenti e politiche aziendali applicabili, il dipartimento di revisione interna le sottopone regolarmente a verifica. Inoltre, i revisori interni offrono un'analisi approfondita e suggerimenti utili per rafforzare i quadri di controllo interno, ottimizzare le procedure di acquisto e ridurre i rischi connessi al processo. Partecipando alle attività pre e post-acquisto, contribuiscono a individuare e risolvere eventuali irregolarità, proteggendo così gli asset e la reputazione dell'azienda. Lo studio ha identificato tuttavia diverse difficoltà, come la mancanza di finanziamenti, una formazione inadeguata dei revisori interni su argomenti correlati agli acquisti e la necessità di una migliore cooperazione tra la funzione di revisione interna e altri dipartimenti correlati agli acquisti.EVALUACIÓN DEL PAPEL DE LA AUDITORÍA INTERNA EN LOS PROCESOS Y PROCEDIMIENTOS DE ADQUISICIÓN: UN ESTUDIO DE CASO DE LA AUTORIDAD DE INGRESOS NACIONALES EN SIERRA LEONAEn el marco de las prácticas y procedimientos de adquisición dentro de la Autoridad de Ingresos Nacionales (NRA) de Sierra Leona, este estudio de caso explora la función crítica de la auditoría interna. El objetivo de este artículo es evaluar cómo la función de auditoría interna garantiza la responsabilidad, la transparencia y la eficiencia en los procesos de adquisición de la organización. Dado que el proceso de adquisición implica la adquisición de productos y servicios y trabaja para apoyar los objetivos organizacionales, es esencial para el funcionamiento exitoso de los organismos públicos. No obstante, es vulnerable a varios peligros, incluida la mala gestión, el fraude, la corrupción y el incumplimiento normativo. Una herramienta de supervisión esencial para reducir estos riesgos y mejorar la integridad general del proceso de adquisición es la auditoría interna. Este estudio utiliza una metodología de investigación cualitativa, recopilando datos a través de observaciones, análisis de documentos y entrevistas. Los resultados muestran que la división de auditoría interna de la NRA de Sierra Leona contribuye significativamente al avance de la responsabilidad, la transparencia y la eficacia en las operaciones de adquisición. Para asegurarse de que las prácticas y procedimientos de adquisición cumplan con las leyes, reglas y políticas corporativas aplicables, el departamento de auditoría interna las audita regularmente. Además, los auditores internos ofrecen un análisis perspicaz y sugerencias útiles para fortalecer los marcos de control interno, optimizar los procedimientos de adquisición y reducir los riesgos relacionados con el proceso. Al participar en actividades de pre y post-adquisición, ayudan a detectar y resolver posibles irregularidades, protegiendo los activos y el buen nombre de la empresa. El estudio identificó varias dificultades, como la falta de financiamiento, una capacitación inadecuada para los auditores internos en temas relacionados con la adquisición y la necesidad de una mejor cooperación entre la función de auditoría interna y otros departamentos relacionados con la adquisición.AVALIAÇÃO DO PAPEL DA AUDITORIA INTERNA NOS PROCESSOS E PROCEDIMENTOS DE AQUISIÇÃO: UM ESTUDO DE CASO DA AUTORIDADE DE RECEITA NACIONAL DE SERRA LEONENo contexto das práticas e procedimentos de aquisição dentro da Autoridade de Receita Nacional (NRA) de Serra Leoa, este estudo de caso explora a função crítica da auditoria interna. O objetivo deste artigo é avaliar como a função de auditoria interna garante responsabilidade, transparência e eficiência nos processos de aquisição da organização. Uma vez que o processo de aquisição envolve a aquisição de produtos e serviços e trabalha para apoiar os objetivos organizacionais, é essencial para o funcionamento bem-sucedido de organismos públicos. No entanto, é vulnerável a vários perigos, incluindo má gestão, fraude, corrupção e não conformidade regulatória. Uma ferramenta de supervisão essencial para reduzir esses riscos e melhorar a integridade geral do processo de aquisição é a auditoria interna. Este estudo utiliza uma metodologia de pesquisa qualitativa, coletando dados por meio de observações, análise de documentos e entrevistas. Os resultados mostram que a divisão de auditoria interna da NRA de Serra Leoa contribui significativamente para o avanço da responsabilidade, transparência e eficácia nas operações de aquisição. Para garantir que as práticas e procedimentos de aquisição estejam em conformidade com as leis, regras e políticas corporativas aplicáveis, o departamento de auditoria interna as audita regularmente. Além disso, os auditores internos oferecem análises perspicazes e sugestões úteis para fortalecer os frameworks de controle interno, otimizar os procedimentos de aquisição e reduzir os riscos relacionados ao processo. Ao participar das atividades pré e pós-aquisição, eles ajudam a detectar e resolver possíveis irregularidades, protegendo os ativos e a boa reputação da empresa. O estudo identificou várias dificuldades, como falta de financiamento, treinamento inadequado para auditores internos em tópicos relacionados à aquisição e a necessidade de uma melhor cooperação entre a função de auditoria interna e outros departamentos relacionados à aquisição.ΑΞΙΟΛΟΓΗΣΗ ΤΟΥ ΡΟΛΟΥ ΤΟΥ ΕΣΩΤΕΡΙΚΟΥ ΕΛΕΓΧΟΥ ΣΤΙΣ ΔΙΑΔΙΚΑΣΙΕΣ ΚΑΙ ΤΙΣ ΔΙΑΔΙΚΑΣΙΕΣ ΠΡΟΜΗΘΕΙΩΝ: ΜΙΑ ΜΕΛΕΤΗ ΠΕΡΙΠΤΩΣΗΣ ΤΗΣ ΕΘΝΙΚΗΣ ΑΡΧΗΣ ΕΣΟΔΩΝ ΤΗΣ ΣΙΕΡΑ ΛΕΟΝΕΣτο πλαίσιο των πρακτικών και διαδικασιών προμήθειας εντός της Εθνικής Αρχής Εσόδων (NRA) της Σιέρα Λεόνε, αυτή η μελέτη περίπτωσης εξερευνά τον κρίσιμο ρόλο του εσωτερικού ελέγχου. Ο στόχος αυτού του άρθρου είναι να αξιολογήσει πώς η λειτουργία του εσωτερικού ελέγχου εξασφαλίζει την ευθύνη, τη διαφάνεια και την αποτελεσματικότητα στις διαδικασίες προμήθειας της οργάνωσης. Δεδομένου ότι η διαδικασία προμήθειας περιλαμβάνει την απόκτηση προϊόντων και υπηρεσιών και εργάζεται για την υποστήριξη των οργανωσιακών στόχων, είναι ουσιώδες για την επιτυχημένη λειτουργία δημόσιων φορέων. Ωστόσο, είναι ευάλωτο σε πολλούς κινδύνους, συμπεριλαμβανομένης της κακής διαχείρισης, της απάτης, της διαφθοράς και της μη συμμόρφωσης με τη νομοθεσία. Ένα κρίσιμο εργαλείο εποπτείας για τη μείωση αυτών των κινδύνων και τη βελτίωση της γενικής ακεραιότητας της διαδικασίας προμήθειας είναι ο εσωτερικός έλεγχος. Η μελέτη χρησιμοποιεί μια ποιοτική μεθοδολογία έρευνας, συλλέγοντας δεδομένα μέσω παρατηρήσεων, ανάλυσης εγγράφων και συνεντεύξεων. Τα αποτελέσματα δείχνουν ότι η διαίρεση εσωτερικού ελέγχου της NRA της Σιέρα Λεόνε συμβάλλει σημαντικά στην προαγωγή της ευθύνης, της διαφάνειας και της αποτελεσματικότητας στις λειτουργίες προμήθειας. Προκειμένου να εξασφαλίσει ότι οι πρακτικές και οι διαδικασίες προμήθειας συμμορφώνονται με τις ισχύουσες νομοθεσίες, κανόνες και εταιρικές πολιτικές, το τμήμα εσωτερικού ελέγχου τις ελέγχει τακτικά. Επιπλέον, οι εσωτερικοί ελεγκτές προσφέρουν εξυπνη ανάλυση και χρήσιμες προτάσεις για την ενίσχυση των εσωτερικών δομών ελέγχου, την βελτιστοποίηση των διαδικασιών προμήθειας και τη μείωση των κινδύνων που σχετίζονται με τη διαδικασία. Συμμετέχοντας σε δραστηριότητες προ-και μετά-προμήθειας, βοηθούν στον εντοπισμό και την επίλυση πιθανών ανωμαλιών, προστατεύοντας τα περιουσιακά στοιχεία και την καλή φήμη της εταιρείας. Η μελέτη εντόπισε ωστόσο αρκετές δυσκολίες, όπως έλλειψη χρηματοδότησης, ανεπαρκής εκπαίδευση για τους εσωτερικούς ελεγκτές σε θέματα που σχετίζονται με την προμήθεια και η ανάγκη βελτίωσης της συνεργασίας μεταξύ της λειτουργίας εσωτερικού ελέγχου και άλλων τμημάτων που σχετίζονται με την προμήθεια.JEL: H83, M42, H57, K42, D30 Article visualizations
CYBERSECURITY AND THE AUTOMOTIVE SUPPLY CHAIN IN MOROCCO: EXPLORATORY STUDY
Get PDFTechnological evolution exposes the Moroccan automotive supply chain to cyberattack risks, which could potentially lead to interruptions detrimental to operational continuity. In order to better understand the security measures currently in place to address these potential threats, an exploratory study was conducted within companies in the Moroccan automotive sector. This research was conducted through structured interviews, guided by specific questionnaires, with four carefully selected companies. The sample included two small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) as well as two large companies in the automotive sector in Morocco. The results obtained from these interviews reveal significant differences in the level of awareness and security approach towards cyberattack risks among the different companies interviewed. JEL: L91, L62, O33, D80, M15, R41 Article visualizations
IMPACT OF SERVICE QUALITY ON PURCHASE INTENTIONS WITH CONSUMER CONFIDENCE AS MEDIATORS
Get PDFThis study investigates the relationship between service quality and purchase intention, with consumer confidence acting as a mediator. The variables tested included service quality as an exogenous variable, purchase intention as an endogenous variable, and consumer confidence as a mediator. The main hypothesis posits that service quality affects purchase intention, with consumer confidence mediating this relationship. The study subjects were respondents who were members of tandasalib.com, and the sample size consisted of 252 individuals. Data collection techniques involve measuring purchase intention according to Ajzen and Fishbein's (1967) Theory of Reasoned Action (TRA); consumer confidence according to Pavlov's theory (2003) using scales such as Brand, Web, and E-Trust; and service quality according to Kotler's theory (2010) using the RATER framework (Responsiveness, Assurance, Tangibles, Empathy, Reliability). The Structural Equation Model (SEM was used for data analysis in this study. The major hypothesis suggests that service quality affects purchasing intentions, with consumer confidence acting as a mediator. The purpose of this research is to investigate the rapid development and growth of tandasalib.com in meeting consumer desires within a short period. Article visualizations
THE STUDY ON THE IMPLEMENTATION OF CORPORATE GOVERNANCE CODES OF BEST PRACTICE IN SIERRA LEONE: CASE STUDY OF CORPORATE AFFAIRS COMMISSION IN SIERRA LEONE
Get PDFThe Corporate Governance practice has been in existence but became topical and the focus of research interest with the collapse of organizations such as Enron, Parmalat, Tyco, WorldCom, Barings, Volkswagen, and Lehman Brothers. The collapse of these organizations brought waves of panic to shareholders, stakeholders, and governments, which resulted in the establishment of well-developed corporate codes of governance in Europe and the United States of America (USA), but this has not been the case in most of the emerging economies, and Sierra Leone is not an exemption. This research focused on the search for codes of best practice in corporate governance in Sierra Leone, and the aim is to contribute to the suggestions of specific codes of best practice based on good practices adopted in developed economies that have successfully implemented Corporate Governance Codes. This research reviewed available records and related literature for data collection and search for good practices of corporate governance. The findings suggest that Corporate Governance is still in its embryonic stage in Sierra Leone, and the effectiveness of the newly formed National Corporate Affairs in spearheading and providing guidance for the implementation of corporate governance is yet to be tried and tested in the short-term, medium-term, and long-term. Therefore, future research is recommended to assess the performance of National Corporate Affairs in spearheading and providing guidance on the implementation of Corporate Governance in Sierra Leone. Other future research is also recommended. Effective corporate governance is critical to the long-term success of any company, and it is essential for companies and governments to continually evaluate and improve governance practices in companies to ensure that they are aligned with evolving best practices and stakeholder expectations. Hence, corporate governance reforms have become a global issue over the last few decades. Countries around the world have been amending their legal systems and stock exchange listing requirements to reform corporate governance and develop new codes of best practices. Article visualizations
STRATEGIC HUMAN RESOURCE MANAGEMENT AND SAFETY CLIMATE PRACTICES AMONG HUMAN RESOURCE PRACTITIONERS IN DIGOS CITY, PHILIPPINES
Get PDFIn a world of increasing environmental disruptions, ensuring the safety and well-being of workers has become a top priority for organizations. Unplanned incidents and natural disasters pose serious challenges for businesses, especially in managing employees and maintaining safety. This study aims to comprehend, in the context of environmental disruptions, the critical relationship between safety climate practices and strategic human resource management (SHRM) among human resource practitioners in Digos City. Using a stratified random sampling technique, 114 HR practitioners of Digos City were surveyed, and data was treated statistically with mean and Spearman rho. The findings revealed that the levels of SHRM and safety climate practices in Digos City were both very high. Based on the analysis, strategic human resource management and safety climate have a positive strong relationship. The study suggested SMEs allocate resources to formal training programs aimed at bolstering employee skills and knowledge in company safety procedures, especially in the event of a disaster. Furthermore, organizations can offer training to top-level management on effectively ensuring employee safety during working hours and cultivating a safety-focused environment to enhance overall employee safety performance. Article visualizations
POST-COLONIALISM AT ITS FINEST OR WHAT? EXPLAINING LA ‘FRANCAFRIQUE’ IN INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS
Get PDFThis research examines the extent to which ‘Françafrique’ exists in the 21st century in view of the recent coup d’états’ in Mali, Burkina Faso, Niger and Gabon as case-studies. Four schools of thought are presented on ‘Françafrique’s’ robustness: the Ideological school, the Regime theory school, the post-colonial theory and the Afrocentric School. ‘Françafrique’ is analysed within five concrete, observable implications: the rationale for dismantling French Military bases in those countries, severing the deeply rooted preconceived financial servitude, military interventionism, corruption of African leaders, and an over-estimation of France’s economic interest in the continent. At the heart of all these lies a profound ignorance of bilateral and contextual dynamics in favour of outdated generalisations and economic relations with Metropolitan France. The overall trends and takeaways are evaluated, considering all implications and the changes over time. The question we ask is: is ‘Francafrique’ waning as ‘a policy of engagement’ within Francophone Africa? Alternatively, is Gaston Monnervile, the former French head of the Senate’s addressed in France, a truism when he said: “Without overseas territory, today’s France would decline to be a lesser power needing to be liberated instead of the winner of WWII”. In contexture: ‘Are chickens coming home to roost’ as in Former President François Mitterrand’s earlier assertion that “without Africa, there would be no history of France in the 21st century.” Article visualizations