European Journals of Social Sciences Studies
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PERCEIVED STRESS SCALE (PSS-10) APLICADA A ASSISTENTES SOCIAIS EM PORTUGAL: ESTUDO DAS PROPRIEDADES PSICOMÉTRICAS
Get PDFObjetivo: O presente estudo examina e avalia as propriedades psicométricas da versão de dez itens da Perceived Stress Scale (PSS-10), aplicada à classe profissional dos assistentes sociais em Portugal. Método: A amostra foi composta por 1369 assistentes sociais, maioritariamente (94,01%) do sexo feminino, com uma média etária de 39,02 anos (DP = 8.99). A consistência interna foi verificada por meio do coeficiente Alfa de Cronbach e a validade de constructo, por análise fatorial exploratória através da rotação varimax de componentes principais da PSS-10 e pela análise factorial confirmatória. Resultados: A versão da PSS-10 exibe propriedades psicométricas satisfatórias, mostrando ser um instrumento claro e confiável para mensurar os níveis de stress percecionados pelos assistentes sociais em Portugal. A análise fatorial exploratória revelou dois fatores neste estudo e a análise fatorial confirmatória produziu resultados satisfatórios. A consistência interna apresentou valor de α = 0,84. Article visualizations
CHALLENGES OF LEARNING ENGLISH AS A SECOND LANGUAGE IN SECONDARY SCHOOLS: STUDENTS’ PERCEPTIONS IN RWANDA
Get PDFAbstract:English language is a compulsory subject at all levels of education in Rwanda. This paper aims to discover the challenges of learning English as a second language in secondary schools. It sought to investigate students’ perceptions of their fluency in the English language, to find out students' perceived ability to talk about lessons in English, to investigate students’ perceived feelings when they are learning English, to analyze students’ perceived anxiety when they are learning English, and to analyze students’ perceived embarrassment when they produce ungrammatical English in class. In this study, 73 learners were selected and quantitative data were collected using a questionnaire. The findings show that learners have low English proficiency. They revealed that they do not participate in English lessons as they are afraid to make mistakes, have anxiety during instruction, and fear embarrassment for committing grammatical errors, which are the main challenges of learning ESL in Rwanda. It was recommended that teachers should be trained to handle learners in English class by avoiding correcting learners’ mistakes whenever they commit them because it undermines their confidence to participate in the teaching and learning process. They have to create a classroom environment where every learner can use the ESL successfully. Article visualizations
DISCUSSING PERSONAL DATA PROTECTION DURING ARBITRATION PROCEEDINGS AND LESSONS FOR VIETNAM
Get PDFIn today's society, where digital technologies have a pervasive influence, data protection has emerged as a paramount concern across various scientific fields. In the realm of legal science, international arbitration, as an alternative dispute resolution mechanism, also faces its own challenges in this regard. This article delves into the issue of personal data, the urgency of data protection in international arbitration, and, through an analysis of typical data protection regulations worldwide, domestic laws on data protection in general and in arbitration proceedings in particular. Based on this analysis, the article proposes recommendations for enhancing data protection in arbitration proceedings, contributing to the improvement of the Draft Commercial Arbitration Law of Vietnam. Article visualizations
AN EVALUATION ON THE IMPACT OF SUSTAINABILITY PRACTICE IN PUBLIC PROCUREMENT: A CASE OF THE SIERRA LEONE AIRPORT AUTHORITY, PORT LOKO DISTRICT NORTH-WEST REGION OF SIERRA LEONE
Get PDFThis study assesses and evaluates the impact of sustainability practices in public procurement in the Sierra Leone Airport Authority Portloko district, North-West region of Sierra Leone. Evaluating sustainable procurement practices in public procurement is essential as sustainability is a discrete business activity that links the value chains for public procurement. The public procurement value chain environment has been subjected to various challenges, from purchasing decisions that are averse to humans to issues of climate change that impact procurement decisions. Furthermore, the principle of balancing the triple constraints (economic, social, and environmental) directly influences procurement decisions, especially within public procurement and value-for-money principles. The study employed a survey design because of its broad capability to solicit information from the respondents. Both primary and secondary data were used to collect data from the respondents. The primary data was collected using a questionnaire, which was captured using the Census and Survey Processing (CSPro) system and later exported to SPSS for more descriptive statistics. The finding reveals that in the case of repair and maintenance work, issues like rigorous quality and product life cycle need assessment, sustainability consideration in the procurement process, and sustainable reuse of garbage and debris are almost equally important (45%, 30%, 25%) according to respondents’ perceptions. So, respondents agreed upon the importance of sustainability in procurement. Nevertheless, on the other hand, 80% of respondents say that they are practicing the lowest quoted price criteria as a contract which may not cover sustainability issues effectively. Monitoring and Evaluation help improve performance and achieve results. More precisely, the overall purpose of procurement monitoring and evaluation is the measurement and assessment of compliance and performance in order to effectively manage the outcome and outputs known as development results. Performance is progress towards the achievement of desired results. Compliance is progress towards the achievement of procedures and processes that have been laid down. The need to demonstrate compliance and performance is placing higher demands on monitoring and evaluation in public procurements. Traditionally, monitoring and evaluation focused on assessing inputs and implementation processes. Today, the focus is on assessing the contributions of various factors to sustainability practice in public procurement. JEL: Q56, H57, M14, D61, L23, O22 Article visualizations
CAUSALITY ANALYSIS OF MONEY AND INFLATION IN THE PHILIPPINE ECONOMY: EVIDENCE FROM THE PERIOD 1960 TO 2020
Get PDFThis work aimed to investigate the causal relationship between money and inflation (proxy by CPI) in the Philippines using Vector Autoregressive (VAR) Analysis and the Granger Causality Test. The results showed that both series are stationary in levels; hence, VAR in levels was utilized. The results of VAR(2) show a link between the two variables. The current inflation rate in the Philippines is affected by a one-year lag in money supply. The Granger causality test revealed the unidirectional connection between inflation and money. Furthermore, past levels of price stability can be used to forecast monetary stability in the Philippines. Technically, CPI Granger causes M2. JEL: E31, E52, C32, C53, C58 Article visualizations
CAPITAL STRUCTURE DETERMINANTS IN A DEVELOPING ECONOMY: EVIDENCE FROM BANGLADESH
Get PDFCapital structure decisions are crucial for firms to enhance performance and maximize shareholder wealth. This study investigates the determinants of capital structure in Bangladeshi firms listed on the Chittagong Stock Exchange (CSE) from 2018 to 2022. The research utilises regression analyses to evaluate the relationships between financial leverage and key explanatory variables. By analysing various factors, including firm size, profitability, non-debt tax shields, growth opportunities, liquidity, and tangibility of assets, this research aims to identify the optimal mix of debt and equity financing. Using quantitative analysis, the study finds that several factors significantly influence capital structure decisions. Both fixed and random effects regression models are employed to analyse the data, revealing that profitability, non-debt tax shields, growth opportunities, and liquidity negatively impact financial leverage, while firm size and asset tangibility have positive associations. The Hausman test suggests that the fixed effects model is preferable, given its χ2-value of 93.52 with a p-value of 0.0000. The study concludes that the optimal capital structure is influenced by multiple factors, with no single theory universally applicable. The findings suggest that firms should carefully consider these factors when making capital structure decisions. Excessive debt can lead to financial distress, while appropriate debt levels can enhance performance. Understanding these determinants is essential for firms to optimize their financial strategies and achieve long-term success. This study contributes to the existing literature by providing insights into capital structure decisions in a developing economy like Bangladesh. It highlights the importance of considering specific factors and industry dynamics when making financing choices.JEL: G32; F21; C49 Article visualizations
AN ASSESSMENT OF THE ROLE OF WORLD HEALTH ORGANISATION (WHO) IN GLOBAL HEALTH GOVERNANCE: A CASE ON THE EBOLA AND COVID-19 OUTBREAK IN SIERRA LEONE
Get PDFThis study investigates the role of the World Health Organisation (WHO) in global health governance with a case study on the Ebola and Covid-19 outbreak in Sierra Leone. Two specific sampling techniques were used to get respondents from whom information was elicited: simple random and purposive. A total of seventy (70) respondents, including medical doctors, nurses, civil societies, WHO representatives, health experts, and ordinary Sierra Leoneans, are aware of health issues. Ebola and COVID-19 are challenges in Africa and have caused health issues and adverse effects on the global health problem. The result reveals the need that has been identified and, however, made it clear that the responsibility to ensure the right to health for all lies not only with states as their obligations to their own people as required by their national constitutions and the principles of sovereignty among other policies but also with the international community as a critical partner considering the implications of health issues such as infectious diseases may have in a global village. Among many other impacts of the decade conflict was the devastating effect on the health sector. On the one hand, the war did not only stop at destroying health facilities that had already been prepared but also had to force health workers in their search for a safe heaven to flee these villages in their aggressive search for big towns and could not return any longer knowing the implications of their decision to go back in terms of service delivery and other socio-economic opportunities they face in these big cities. However, committed medical doctors had to flee the country to other places in America and Europe. Some did so because of the deplorable condition of the health sector, and others because of security. Even after the war, the majority of these doctors who left could not come back, even those who had left on grounds of scholarship. The MoHS is expected to provide leadership and coordinate the efforts of all healthcare providers and financiers at all levels, irrespective of their level of involvement. Yet, the MoHS is left with no option but to commit the few qualified and competent medical doctors to the issues of citizens’ health. It was evident that succeeding governments could not prioritise health issues in the reconstruction process. In the middle of this deplorable health situation came the outbreak in 2014 that, within a short period, negatively impacted the health systems in all three countries (Sierra Leone, Liberia, and Guinea). Many Sierra Leoneans expected an immediate intervention by the international community on the basis that the immediate involvement with a more responsive and holistic approach by the international community through global health governance initiatives would have stopped the spread at an initial stage. Nevertheless, this was not the case, rather it was only after the death toll rose to a certain amount and other nationals contracted the disease it became a matter of global concern, thereby promoting the late response that was made. The aim of examining the structures put in place by WHO in its global health governance initiative is not only to end the spread of the virus but also to prevent future outbreaks, assessing the impact created by such a structure during the Ebola outbreak in Sierra Leone; highlighting the challenges faced by WHO in its initiative in ending the outbreak and preventing its spread to other countries considering the obligation owes by the international community in protecting other states from such life-threatening epidemics and finally suggesting ways that will further improve WHO in its Global health governance and its intervention into the health crisis of states in cases of outbreaks like the Ebola Virus Disease but the late response by Global Health Partners also causes the emergence and high effect of Covid-19 in Sierra Leone. JEL: I18, F53, H51, O15, J18, N47, P16 Article visualizations
LEADERSHIP, KNOWLEDGE MANAGEMENT AND ORGANIZATIONAL BEHAVIOR AS DETERMINANTS OF INNOVATION CAPABILITY IN FOOD MANUFACTURING COMPANIES
Get PDFThe aim of this research study was to establish the determinants of innovation capability among food manufacturing companies by determining the most suitable Structural Equation Model that accurately represented the relationship between leadership, knowledge management, organizational behavior and innovation capability based on the gathered data. This study contributes towards achieving several United Nations Sustainable Development Goals, including SDG Two – zero hunger; SDG Three – good health and well-being; and SDG Nine – build resilient infrastructure, promote inclusive and sustainable industrialization and foster innovation. Adapted standardized survey questionnaires published in scholarly journals were utilized as primary data-gathering instruments. Four hundred seven respondents from thirty-three different food manufacturing companies were selected as respondents for this study. The research style used was descriptive-correlational, and a stratified-random selection approach was used to ensure more precise results. Statistical methods, including mean, Pearson Product Moment Correlation and Structural Equation Modeling, were used to examine the levels, relationships, effects, and optimal modeling. Results showed that leadership, knowledge management, organizational behavior, and innovation capability obtained a very high level of mean scores. The best-fit structural equation model results indicate a significant correlation between leadership and knowledge management towards innovation capability among food manufacturing companies. Leadership, knowledge management and organizational behavior are significantly related to innovation capability. Further, out of the three exogenous variables, leadership and knowledge management significantly influence innovation capability among food manufacturing companies in Southern Philippines. Model one is the best-fit model out of the six investigated structural models. Article visualizations
THE IMPACT OF TRAINING AND DEVELOPMENT ON EMPLOYEE’S PERFORMANCE IN COMMERCIAL BANKS OF SIERRA LEONE CASE STUDY: UNITED BANK OF AFRICA (SL) LTD
Get PDFThe goal of the study was to examine how employee performance in Sierra Leone's commercial banks is affected by training and development, with a particular focus on United Bank of Africa Sierra Leone Limited as a case study. The research was expected to accomplish the following goals: ascertain the effect of job delegation on employee performance, evaluate the effect of job rotation on employee performance in UBA, and ascertain the influence of mentoring on employee performance in UBA. The entire philosophy of training and development was covered in a fair and balanced manner in the literature review. In order to better understand the effect that training and development have on the performance of their employees, a review of the theoretical and empirical literature was conducted by commercial banks. During the investigation, a descriptive research design was employed. Additionally, the study used a qualitative research approach since, as opposed to conducting a broad statistical survey, it explains a specific circumstance or problem. To ensure that only respondents were chosen in order to fulfill the study's objectives, purposive sampling was employed. There are only eighty (80) respondents in the sample study, and 45 of the questionnaires were returned fully. A combination of primary and secondary sources was used to gather data. Following the data collection process, the researchers arranged a well-completed questionnaire, revised the data, and arranged it for the following step. Tabular data with frequencies and percentages were used to present the data. According to the study's conclusions, mentoring significantly improves employee performance at UBA by offering a reward for personal growth at a time when the company's tactics are always changing. According to the study, staff performance and authority delegation are positively connected; employees are more likely to be dedicated when given authority and vice versa. According to the study, managers at UBA should ensure that workers are allowed to work autonomously, as this will lead to a number of advantageous outcomes, including increased job satisfaction, organizational commitment, creative behavior, and productivity. Article visualizations
DIGITAL TAX ADMINISTRATION AND REVENUE GENERATION IN LAGOS STATE, 2008-2018
Get PDFSince the adoption of the digital tax administration in Lagos State, the state’s Internally Generated Revenue (IGR) has grown from a monthly average of N600 million in 1999 to N34 billion in 2018. Despite this significant growth, studies have not empirically examined the extent to which the application of the digitalized tax administration system has influenced the revenue profile of the state. This study, therefore, examined: (1) whether the automation of tax collection improved revenue generation in Lagos State; and (2) how the self-assessment filing (SAF) system impacted willful revenue remittance in Lagos State. The study adopted both the survey and documentary methods of data collection. Content analysis was employed in analyzing secondary data, and primary data sourced from field surveys were analyzed using simple descriptive statistics. The theoretical framework of the Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology (UTAUT) and time series research design were adopted in viewing the trend of IGR generation in Lagos since 2008. The study found that digital tax administration through automation of tax collection and the SAF system has improved the IGR of Lagos State within the period under study. The study recommends, among others, the intensification of digital tax administration through public enlightenment. Article visualizations