European Journals of Social Sciences Studies
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THE ROLE OF TRADE UNIONS IN SAFEGUARDING THE RIGHTS OF MIGRANT WORKERS IN VIETNAM
Get PDFThis article scrutinises the status quo regarding the protection of migrant workers' rights within Vietnam, set against the backdrop of accelerated industrialisation and urbanisation. Notwithstanding the fact that the current legal framework (inter alia, the Labour Code, the Law on Trade Unions) has enshrined the principle of equality, in practice, the migrant workforce continues to confront a plethora of perils regarding legal status, social security, and working conditions. This research delves into the pivotal role of Trade Unions, whilst simultaneously identifying the challenges posed to the Trade Union organisation in guaranteeing the rights of migrant workers. Consequently, the article proposes a comprehensive set of holistic measures aimed at perfecting the legal mechanism, enhancing the capacity of trade unionists, and fortifying international network linkages to safeguard the rights of migrant workers in an effective and sustainable manner. Article visualizations
GENDER EQUITY FOR ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT IN AFRICA: THE CASE OF KENYA’S BLUE GROWTH
Get PDFThis study assessed achieving sustainable economic development in Africa through gender equity in the maritime sector. The study was based on a case study of Kenya’s Blue growth. This study is based on Feminist Economics (FE) as its theoretical framework. The study utilized mixed methods research design entailing qualitative and quantitative techniques of data gathering and analysis. The study used desk research to gather secondary data while primary data was gathered using 48 key informant interviews (KIIs). The gathered data were analyzed using content analysis. The study found that despite the significant contributions of women in Kenya’s maritime sector, gender disparities continue to hinder their full economic participation. There were gaps in resource access and opportunities; income, employment, and decision-making power. Addressing these inequalities through targeted policies, enhanced financial inclusion, awareness creation, and expanded leadership opportunities were found to be crucial for unlocking the potential of women in the BE. The study concludes that achieving gender equity in Kenya’s BE is essential for driving sustainable economic growth and fostering inclusive development within Africa. Article visualizations
HOW DO PUBLIC SECTOR WORKERS IN THE ARAB SECTOR IN ISRAEL PERCEIVE THE ROLE OF THEIR MANAGERS AS LEADERS, COACHES, AND CLIMATE SETTERS IN SHAPING THE FUTURE OF THEIR ORGANIZATIONS?
Get PDFThe study explores public sector workers in the Arab sector in Israel's perspectives on their managers as leaders, coaches and climate setters with the intent of understanding the leadership attributes they value, to what extent managers use coaching approaches effectively, and the extent to which their leadership has an impact on organizational climate and outcomes. A qualitative approach was taken, and semi-structured interviews were conducted with 40 public sector workers from the Arab Sector in Israel, with data thematically analyzed. The findings highlighted participants´ preference for managers who were emotionally intelligent, supportive, and focused on development, while alternative practices such as authoritarian and laissez-faire leadership styles were discouraged. The participants identified the importance of culturally authentic leadership, finding a balance of empathy, authority and coaching to increase employee motivation, trust and organizational outcomes. Additionally, the findings promote the use of leadership development programs that focus on enhancing emotional intelligence and culturally aligned leadership practices, and highlight the value of climate setters and culturally spacious and relational leadership frameworks in managing the public sector. These aspects provide theoretical and empirical contributions to leadership practice in hybrid public sector settings.JEL: M12; H83; M14 Article visualizations
HOW DO ARAB STUDENTS IN HIGHER EDUCATION INSTITUTIONS IN ISRAEL PERCEIVE THE ROLE OF SCHOOL COUNSELORS IN PROVIDING SUPPORT AND GUIDANCE DURING THE TRANSITION TO HIGHER EDUCATION, CAREER AND FUTURE PLANNING?
Get PDFThis study examined how Arab students in higher education in Israel understand the school counselors' role in supporting their academic, personal and professional development, specifically when transitioning from high school to higher education. It was important to research this to understand the effectiveness and relevance of high school counseling services provided in Arab communities, particularly with an eye to the expectations involved in advancing to subsequent academic stages amid academic pressures and uncertainty of future planning when entering higher education. The importance of this study will be its contribution to researchers in better understanding the social, cultural, and institutional contributions to how students conceptualize the efforts of a counselor when preparing and planning for postsecondary education. This qualitative study used semi-structured interviews with 40 Arab bachelor students from various academic disciplines. Thematic analysis as applied to the data revealed mixed perceptions of school counselors. For some students, there were positive reports of the school counselor's role in motivating students and providing personal guidance. Some students identified issues of cultural disconnection, disclosures of confidentiality and administrative overload in schools as setbacks. Social and cultural norms appeared to be the main reason for poor student-counselor relationships horizon. Recommendations for counselors include improvements in cultural competency, family involvement in the counseling process and better clarity around the role of the counseling in the school. The findings from this study not only have theoretical value for students and future discussions but also for the implementation of culturally responsive counseling models. The findings might also be of greater practical significance to advance educational equity when school systems improve school guidance practices that are culturally responsive to educational equity. Article visualizations
MODELING ELECTRONIC MONEY TRANSACTION FRAUD VOLUMES IN KENYA USING GENERALISED AUTOREGRESSIVE CONDITIONAL HETEROSKEDASTIC MODEL
Get PDFElectronic transaction fraud has been on the increase in recent times. Though technology advancement is cited as a major milestone in the global business environment, at times, it comes with challenges, such as financial risks. Businesses and individuals have been losing their hard-earned funds through online-related transaction frauds, and the trend continues to increase. Studies reviewed heavily used deep learning and machine learning to investigate the detection of online-related fraudulent activities. The current study, however, deviated from this norm by focusing on modelling electronic transaction fraud volumes using the Generalised Auto-regressive Conditional Heteroscedastic (GARCH) model. The study employed grid search cross-validation parameter optimisation techniques and popular loss functions, including Mean Absolute Error (MAE), Root Mean Square Error (RMSE), Akaike Information Criterion (AIC), and Bayesian Information Criterion (BIC) to find the best-fitting model. The study objective was to establish a suitable model for forecasting changes (Variations) in the volume of money lost from fraudulent transactions in Kenya. The study is anchored on the fraud triangle model and fraud diamond model. The study revealed that GARCH (1,1) model predicts electronic transaction fraud volume deviations in Kenya; with the prediction, the risk of financial losses can be averted. This study is important to stakeholders such as the public, corporations, regulators such as the Central Bank of Kenya, financial institutions such as commercial banks, and scholars. JEL: E52, E43, G21, G23, C25, D12, E42 Article visualizations
MEANINGFUL LEARNING IN SOCIAL STUDIES: AN EXPLORATORY FACTOR ANALYSIS
Get PDFThe purpose of this study is to determine the underlying dimensions that characterize meaningful learning in social studies. It utilized an exploratory factor instrument analysis research design. Respondents were randomly selected for equal opportunity to be included in the survey. A researcher-made instrument was utilized which was developed for a focus group discussion (FGD). The validity of items was determined through the Content Validity Ratio (CVR). Item statements that passed the threshold of 0.80 were selected as part of the survey scale. A 60-item instrument was developed and utilized as a data collection tool administered to 380 junior high school students chosen through random sampling. Using Exploratory factor analysis (EFA) with parallel analysis using GeominQ rotation, only 34 items met the criterion for a cut-off factor loading of .40 and above, forming the simple five-factor structure. Results of EFA yielded the five (5) dimensions of meaningful learning in social studies. Using thematic analysis, these five factors were labeled as: enriching and inclusive learning environment; enhancing civic awareness and critical thinking; promoting character development and social responsibility; utilizing technology and establishing clear guidelines; and interactive and fun learning. The findings of this study underscore the multifaceted nature of meaningful learning in social studies and the essential components required to cultivate it effectively. SDG Indicator: Indicator: #4 (quality education) Article visualizations
MORAL EDUCATION FOR HIGH SCHOOL STUDENTS IN THE CONTEXT OF THE FOURTH INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION – CURRENT SITUATION AND SOLUTIONS
Get PDFIn the context of the Fourth Industrial Revolution, high school students have opportunities to access knowledge and develop skills through technology. Yet, they also face ethical risks as the online environment entails potential dangers. In reality, the current moral education curriculum remains overly theoretical and lacks practical elements; parents and society are not adequately equipped to provide proper guidance, while teachers lack the necessary skills and tools to teach digital ethics. Additionally, the legal framework for protecting children in the digital space is still incomplete. To address these issues, it is essential to innovate the moral education curriculum by incorporating essential digital skills; families and society should play a more active role in guiding students; teachers need further training in digital ethics and better teaching tools. Strengthening the legal framework will also help students develop comprehensively, fostering awareness and responsibility in the digitalized environment. Article visualizations
THE ENVIRONMENTAL CRIME IN THE PHILIPPINES: A LITERATURE REVIEW
Get PDFThis systematic review provided a comprehensive and evidence-based synthesis of environmental crime in the Philippines. It examined the various types, underlying causes, and societal impacts of these offenses. Additionally, the review explored the challenges faced by law enforcement agencies and policymakers in the implementation of relevant environmental laws and regulations. A structured process using PRISMA 2020 was conducted across nine academic databases and two search engines. Studies were screened using predefined inclusion and exclusion criteria. A total of 38 studies were included in the synthesis and analyzed using a thematic descriptive approach. Risk of bias was manually conducted based on five criteria. Results revealed six primary types of environmental crimes: illegal logging, wildlife trafficking, illegal mining, pollution-related crimes, illegal exploitation of aquatic resources, and illegal tourism development within protected areas. Socioeconomic drivers such as poverty, low public awareness, and poor law enforcement, alongside policy gaps, were recurrent themes in environmental crimes. Technological tools such as pXRF and GIS were effective but underutilized, even if they showed great potential in tracing illegally traded wildlife and mapping environmental crime hotspots. Governance failures, limited environmental officers, and educational gaps are major barriers to environmental protection. Article visualizations
INNOVATION CHALLENGES AND STRATEGIC RESPONSES OF SMES IN THE UAE MOBILE PHONE INDUSTRY
Get PDFThe research paper analyses the uncertainty concerning innovation challenges and responses to these challenges as they relate to the small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) that are currently functioning under the mobile phone resale and recycling niche in the UAE. It is a qualitative, case-based study and is an interpretivist philosophy derived. As such, semi-structured interviews were conducted with 30 SME owners, managers, and industry experts. The major outcome is that SMEs encounter some serious barriers to innovation, such as the regulatory complexity involved, lack of access to funds, digital capability gap, and the continuous scepticism about refurbished products by consumers. In response, SMEs develop adaptive strategies as outsourcing for refurbishments, engaging in green branding and certifications, and aligning with national policy initiatives. This study extends and reinforces an earlier conceptual framework on SME innovation in showing the reality of constraints and practice into which innovation is moulded. Practical recommendations are made both to SMEs and policymakers to create a more enabling ecosystem for innovation in emerging markets.JEL: L26, O32, M21, Q56 Article visualizations
REFINANCEMENT DES BANQUES PARTICIPATIVES ET TRANSMISSION DE LA POLITIQUE MONETAIRE
Get PDFCette recherche examine l'impact des variations du taux directeur sur les banques participatives marocaines dans le cadre de leur refinancement à travers la Wakala bil istithmar, ainsi que leur rôle dans la transmission des impulsions de la politique monétaire. La parution des banques participatives au Maroc a créé un écosystème financier dual, caractérisé par la coexistence de deux modèles bancaires aux fondements distincts mais complémentaires. Malgré leur croissance soutenue, ces établissements de jeune âge évoluent dans un écosystème incomplet, caractérisé par l'absence d'un marché monétaire participatif et le manque d'instruments de refinancement sharia compliant. L'étude adopte une approche méthodologique rigoureuse qui combine tests de stationnarité, de causalité et de cointégration, suivis de l'estimation d'un modèle vectoriel à correction d'erreur, appliqués sur des données réelles mensuelles couvrant la période de janvier 2020 à juin 2024. Les résultats obtenus révèlent l'existence d'une relation d'équilibre significative à long terme entre le taux directeur, l’encours Wakala bil istithmar et la charge financière des banques participatives, affirmant ainsi leur sensibilité aux orientations de la politique monétaire malgré leurs spécificités opérationnelles. Les résultats de l’étude mettent en évidence une vulnérabilité structurelle des banques participatives aux changements du taux directeur, exprimée notamment par la sensibilité marquée de leurs charges financières aux variations de ce dernier. Cette vulnérabilité s'explique, par ailleurs, par leur position de taux défavorable marquée par des actifs générateurs de rendements fixes, financés par des ressources Wakala Bil Istithmar à taux révisable. Le test de causalité de Granger confirme une relation de cause à effet unidirectionnelle statistiquement significative entre le taux directeur et la charge financière des banques participatives. Notre étude démontre le rôle pivot que joue le mécanisme de Wakala bil istithmar dans la transmission de la politique monétaire, mais révèle également la dépendance critique de ces établissements à leurs banques mères conventionnelles. Cette dépendance, conjuguée à l'absence d'instruments de couverture conformes à la charia, limite leur capacité à gérer efficacement leur exposition aux risques de variation du taux de référence du marché monétaire et menace leur stabilité financière. L'étude conclut que les banques participatives marocaines, malgré leurs spécificités fonctionnelles, demeurent fortement intégrées dans le système financier global, et se voient sensibles aux orientations de la politique monétaire nationale. Le développement futur de ces établissements dépendra de leur capacité à renforcer leur résilience face aux chocs monétaires, notamment par la diversification de leurs sources de refinancement et l'évolution du cadre institutionnel. This research examines the impact of policy rate fluctuations on Moroccan participative banks within their refinancing framework through Wakala Bil Istithmar contracts, as well as their contribution to monetary policy transmission impulses. The emergence of participative banks in Morocco has created a dual financial ecosystem characterized by the coexistence of two banking models with distinct but complementary theoretical foundations. Despite their sustained growth, these nascent institutions evolve in an incomplete ecosystem, characterized by the absence of an Islamic money market and the lack of sharia-compliant refinancing instruments. The study adopts a rigorous methodological approach that combines tests of stationarity, causality and cointegration, followed by estimation of a vector model with error correction, applied on monthly real data covering the period from January 2020 to June 2024. The results obtained reveal the existence of a significant long-term equilibrium relationship between the policy rate, the outstanding Wakala bil istithmar and the financial burden of participative banks, thus affirming their sensitivity to monetary policy guidelines despite their operational specificities. The results of the study highlight a structural vulnerability of participative banks to changes in the policy rate, expressed notably by the marked sensitivity of their financial charges to variations in the latter. This vulnerability is explained, moreover, by their unfavourable rate position marked by fixed-yield generating assets, financed by Wakala Bil Istithmar resources at revisable rates. The Granger causality test confirms a statistically significant unidirectional cause-and-effect relationship between the policy rate and the financial burden of participative banks. Our study demonstrates the pivotal role played by the Wakala bil istithmar mechanism in the transmission of monetary policy, but also reveals the critical dependence of these institutions on their conventional parent banks. This dependence, together with the lack of Sharia-compliant hedging instruments, limits their ability to effectively manage their exposure to risks from changes in the money market reference rate and threatens their financial stability. The study concludes that Moroccan participative banks, despite their functional specificities, remain strongly integrated into the global financial system, and are sensitive to the orientations of national monetary policy. The future development of these institutions will depend on their ability to strengthen their resilience in the face of monetary shocks, notably through the diversification of their refinancing sources and the evolution of the institutional framework. JEL : E58 ; Z12 ; G28 Article visualizations