European Journals of Social Sciences Studies
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EL MUNDO INDÍGENA Y LAS ENFERMEDADES INFECCIOSAS EN LA MESOAMÉRICA DURANTE LA COLONIZACIÓN ESPAÑOLA: CASO DE MÉJICO, GUATEMALA Y NICARAGUA
Get PDFLas enfermedades infecciosas, en el transcurso de la Historia de la Humanidad, tuvieron profundas influencias en la vida del mundo indígena mesoamericano. Al abordar este trabajo, nuestra meta es poner de relieve las consecuencias desastrosas que tuvo la introducción de esas enfermedades contagiosas, de carácter epidemiológico, en la vida de la población indígena que se asentó, durante siglos, en el área mesoamericana, antes de la llegada de Cristóbal Colón. Para alcanzar este objetivo declinado, hicimos uso de la metodología analítica, la comparativa, y la hipotético-deductiva y llegamos a resultados concluyentes siguientes: la introducción de las enfermedades epidemiológicas afectó y debilitaron drásticamente el censo demográfico de las poblaciones indígenas que vivían en las áreas geográficas de la Nueva España, actual Méjico, Guatemala y Nicaragua que manifestaron resistencia feroz a los conquistadores ibéricos en la época colonial. Merced a esas enfermedades contagiosas, la conquista y la colonización la población indígena mesoamericana fue realizadaLes maladies infectieuses, dans l’Histoire de l’Humanité, ont eu de profondes influences sur la vie du monde indigène méso-américain. En abordant ce travail, notre objectif est de mettre en relief les conséquences désastreuses qu’a eues l’introduction de ces maladies, à caractère épidémiologique, dans la vie de la population indigène qui s’est installée, pendant des siècles, dans l’aire méso-américaine, avant l’arrivée de Christophe Colomb. Pour atteindre cet objectif décliné, nous avons fait usage de la méthodologie analytique, la comparative et celle de l’hypothético-déductive pour atteindre les probants résultats qui sont les suivants : l’introduction des maladies infectieuses ont affecté et affaibli de manière drastique la démographie des populations indigènes qui vivaient dans les aires géographiques de la Nouvelle Espagne, l’actuel Mexique, le Guatemala et le Nicaragua qui ont manifesté une farouche résistance aux conquérants du monde ibérique pendant l’époque coloniale. Grâce à ces maladies contagieuses, la conquête et la colonisation de la population méso-américaine a été certaine. Infectious diseases, in the History of Humanity, have greatly impacted the life of Mesoamerican. While undertaking this research work, our aim was to point out the disastrous consequences of the introduction of the epidemic diseases in the life of native populations who had settled there, since many centuries now, in the Mesoamerican region, this, before the arrival of Christopher Columbus. To achieve our goal, we’ve used the analytical method, the comparative, the hypothetical and the deductive ones to reach the following results: the introduction of infectious diseases have drastically affected and weakened the native populations demography who were living in the New Spain geographical region, the Mexico, Guatemala and Nicaragua of today, that have shown a strong resistance toward the conquerors of the Iberia society during colonial era. Article visualizations
WERLA: EXPERIENCES OF PHYSICAL EDUCATION TEACHERS IN RESPONDING TO DISASTERS
Get PDFDisasters, whether natural calamities or unforeseen accidents, are inherently unpredictable and can occur at any time, both inside and outside the classroom. As students spend most of their time at school, the teachers become their primary guardians. Among educators, PE teachers play a key role in emergency preparedness, fostering physical awareness, resilience, and quick decision-making. Hence, this qualitative phenomenological study investigated the experiences of PE teachers in responding to disasters. Data was collected from 10 PE teachers in total utilizing in-depth interviews that were facilitated using an interview guide questionnaire. The data was analyzed using thematic analysis to unravel themes. Based on the findings, skills acquired in responding to emergency situations flourished to have three major themes: First Aid Skills, Medical First Response, and the Community Emergency Response Team training. Among the experiences encountered by PE teachers upon responding to emergency situations are: experiences of hunger and sacrifice, fear for life and safety, and gained bruises and pains. PE teachers’ reactions and actions during emergency situations are encapsulated by three major themes: feeling of fear and anxiety, staying calm, keeping focus and presence of mind. After becoming volunteers and becoming responsible for the safety of some, the learnings of the participants are revealed by three major themes: knowledge and skills are an advantage, community emergency response is essential, and preparedness and focus are vital. PE teacher training programs efficiently equip teachers to deal with crises, accidents, and first aid. Higher education institutions must maintain these programs and offer continuous professional development to meet evolving needs if teachers are the first to respond to incidents in schools. Community collaboration and student training are also essential for boosting overall resilience. Future studies should examine different emergency response methods as well as the impact of environmental and cultural elements on teacher reactions if our goal is to enhance teacher responses during emergencies. Article visualizations
LEGAL PROVISIONS ON ADMINISTRATIVE PENALTIES FOR JUVENILE OFFENDERS IN ROAD TRAFFIC VIOLATIONS
Get PDFThis study examines the current legal provisions governing administrative penalties imposed on juvenile offenders in the context of road traffic violations in Vietnam. With rising incidents of minors violating traffic laws, there is an urgent need for a clear, balanced legal framework that protects minors’ rights while ensuring effective law enforcement. The research focuses on analyzing key legal documents such as the Law on Handling Administrative Violations (2012) and the amended Law on Road Traffic, highlighting their roles in regulating juvenile sanctions. Using comparative, analytical, and synthetic methods, the study evaluates the strengths and limitations of existing sanctions and enforcement practices. It identifies challenges arising from fragmented regulations and the sensitive nature of penalizing minors, whose physical and mental development requires differentiated treatment. The study emphasizes the importance of combining punishment with education and prevention to reduce juvenile traffic violations effectively. It also proposes recommendations to improve the legal framework, aiming to enhance compliance, ensure social safety, and uphold the rights of minors. This research contributes both theoretically and practically to developing a rule-of-law state in Vietnam, addressing a critical gap in juvenile traffic law enforcement. Article visualizations
DESPERATION IN DEBT: EXAMINING THE EFFECTS OF HIGH-INTEREST DEBT ON LOW-INCOME FAMILIES IN MATANAO DAVAO DEL SUR, PHILIPPINES
Get PDFHigh-interest debt had become a common yet burdensome financial strategy among low-income families in the Philippines, particularly in areas where formal lending is inaccessible. This study explored the socioeconomic factors that led low-income families in Matanao, Davao del Sur, to rely on high-interest debt, its impact on their financial stability and emotional well-being, and the coping mechanisms they used to manage their debt situation. Using a qualitative phenomenological approach, the study gathered data from 15 participants to gain a deeper understanding of their lived experiences. The results revealed five main socioeconomic factors contributing to debt: economic instability and financial challenges, barriers to formal financial systems, reliance on alternative lending and personal networks, investment-driven borrowing amidst limited resources, and limited financial literacy and management skills. The impacts of debt were reflected through three themes: emotional and mental distress, financial instability and debt pressure, and a vicious debt cycle and management. In response, participants adopted coping mechanisms reflected in three themes: financial management and planning, strengthening financial responsibility and resilience, and seeking government support and assistance. The study offered insights that could help policymakers, financial institutions, and social programs develop better financial education, create accessible credit options, and design targeted support systems to break the cycle of high-interest debt among vulnerable households.JEL: D14, G51, I32, O15, R20 Article visualizations
GOOD ACADEMIC GOVERNANCE USING ARIMA MODELS: CASE STUDY OF THE PREDICTION OF NEW STUDENTS AT THE FACULTY OF ECONOMIC AND SOCIAL SCIENCES IN TANGIER, MOROCCO
Get PDFCurrently, good governance of Moroccan universities plays a crucial role in guiding their strategies to achieve objectives such as efficient resource allocation and improvement of educational performance. Accurate estimates of future student numbers are essential to actively participate in the effective management of human resources, infrastructure and academic programs. In this context, this work aims to predict the number of students enrolled in the fundamental license of the Faculty of Economic and Social Sciences of Tangier, reporting to the Abdelmalek Essaâdi University in Morocco. The choice of the essential degree is explained by its open access character, which guarantees students wishing to continue their studies in this cycle enrollment without restriction. In addition, this institution was selected because of the particularly high number of new students it registers, surpassing other institutions of the university. This study is based on actual data provided by the establishment, which encourages scientific research to ensure good governance in the coming years. This study was carried out using the ARIMA model.JEL: I23; C53; H75; O21 Article visualizations
EDUCATION, HEALTH AND ECONOMIC GROWTH NEXUS: NEW EVIDENCE FROM SIERRA LEONE
Get PDFThis study investigates the impact of health and education spending on economic growth in Sierra Leone. The study utilizes the autoregressive distributed lag estimation technique with quarterly time series data spanning from 2000Q1 to 2022Q4. The unit root test result confirms a mixture of I(0) and I(1) variables, while the bound test establishes cointegration. The long-run findings suggest that education spending has a significant negative impact on economic growth, while health expenditure is growth-enhancing. Also, the result indicates that foreign direct investment inflows boost growth, but inflation impedes growth in the long run. The short-run dynamics show that lagged economic growth has a positive impact on the current growth rate. Furthermore, the findings confirm a positive relationship between health spending and economic growth, while the lagged value of health spending and the current level of education expenditure stifle growth. The short-run findings for both FDI and inflation corroborate with the long-run results. The result of the error correction term (ECT) indicates that any disequilibrium to the model is corrected at an adjustment speed of 11.8% towards long run equilibrium. The findings of this study emphasize the need for more government spending to strengthen the health sector and also ensure accountability and transparency in the disbursement and utilization of funds for the education sector. JEL: C22, H51, H52, O55 Article visualizations
PUBLIC-PRIVATE PARTNERSHIPS AS CATALYSTS FOR SMART CITIES IN MOROCCO: INTEGRATING AI, IOT, AND SUSTAINABLE INFRASTRUCTURE
Get PDFAs cities around the world face growing challenges due to rapid urbanization, smart cities are becoming essential solutions. These cities rely on advanced technologies such as Artificial Intelligence, the Internet of Things, and sustainable infrastructure to enhance governance and improve the quality of public services. In the Moroccan context, the development of smart cities is gaining significant attention, and we see Public-Private Partnerships as essential mechanisms for bridging the gap between public needs and private innovation. In this study, we examine the contribution of Public-Private Partnerships to Morocco’s smart city initiatives, with a particular focus on how they support the integration of digital technologies and sustainable infrastructure. Our analysis draws on empirical literature, selected case studies, and qualitative data to better understand the current status of smart city projects in Morocco. We also explore key challenges these initiatives face, including regulatory complexity, financial constraints, and technological limitations, while assessing the extent to which PPPs can drive innovation and efficiency. By comparing Morocco’s experience with international best practices, we seek to offer practical recommendations for enhancing the PPP framework. Our findings point to the need for more robust policy frameworks, greater engagement from the private sector, and the development of innovative financing tools to ensure the successful evolution of smart and resilient cities in Morocco. JEL: H54, L32, O18, Q01, O33 Article visualizations
HETEROGENEOUS CAPITAL SOURCES AND LONG-TERM GROWTH IN SMALL OPEN ECONOMIES: EVIDENCE FROM ECONOMIC COMMUNITY OF WEST AFRICAN STATES (ECOWAS)
Get PDFThe heterogeneity of foreign capital sources has rekindled interest among researchers and policymakers in understanding their growth implications in small open economies. In this context, we provide new and valuable insights into how different sources of foreign capital contribute to economic growth in selected member countries (Ghana, Guinea, Liberia, Nigeria, Sierra Leone, Niger, Mali, Senegal, Cote d'Ivoire and Burkina Faso) of ECOWAS. Specifically, we employed the pooled mean group (PMG) estimator and the Hausman test to analyse panel data from the World Development Indicators of the World Bank and the International Monetary Fund (IMF) Financial Statistics. The findings revealed that FDI inflows are growth-enhancing. This indicates that FDI is a crucial source through which foreign capital amplifies GDP growth, thus reaffirming the need to maximise benefits, minimise risks, and promote sustainable growth. Similarly, the results showed that remittances and ODA inflows significantly bolstered annual GDP growth during the study period. This finding is not surprising given that remittances have been identified as a significant and stable flow of foreign capital, which directly supports households and stimulates consumption, thereby creating opportunities for economic growth. However, the results also showed that external debt hampers growth. The adverse effects of external debt on economic growth could be attributed to the growing challenge of debt servicing and principal repayments alongside poor institutional quality, including systemic corruption. Hence, we recommend that governments must ensure smart and targeted regional integration by fully implementing the ECOWAS protocols on the free flow of capital, including goods and services, to foster sustainable growth. Additionally, Central Banks and the West African Monetary Agency (WAMA) must synergise their efforts to reduce the cost of remittance transfers by providing low-cost and digital remittance channels for rapid and sustained growth in the ECOWAS region. JEL: F30, F34, F35, F41. F43, O55 Article visualizations
STRATEGIC ROLE OF SMES IN THE UAE MOBILE INDUSTRY: AN INTRODUCTORY INSIGHT INTO INNOVATION AND GROWTH POTENTIAL
Get PDFThe small and medium scale enterprises increasingly contribute, if conceivably, being a moving factor, to strategic innovations in economic diversification. This is even more proving pertinent for emerging economies, for instance, the United Arab Emirates (UAE). This research examines how small and medium enterprises resell and recycle mobile handsets, their innovative dynamics, and how this creates a competitive advantage, operational efficiencies, and broader international market expansion. Qualitative case study methodology (Yin, 2009) provides the backbone for research findings based on empirical data collected through semi-structured interviews with leaders of small and medium enterprises in the UAE mobile sector. This study shows that both innovation-incremental and radical-play significant roles in product development, refurbishment processes, and sustainable business practices within such SMEs; they do, however, face considerable difficulties in funding, knowledge sharing constraints, and the need for strategic turnaround mechanisms. A conceptual model has been developed to frame the nature of the interrelationship of innovation, growth, and market responsiveness in SMEs. It adds value to the existing literature by introducing an integrated theoretical perspective on innovation management (Porter, 1985; Abouzeedan, 2011) and providing policy recommendations in line with the UAE vision of achieving sustainable and technology-driven economic development. Recommendations to improve institutional support for SMEs, financing options targeting the mobile technology ecosystem, and capacity-building initiatives to enhance the innovation capability of SMEs are made in the paper.JEL: L26, O32, L86, M13, F63 Article visualizations
CORRECTING LIBERAL DEMOCRACY WITH NEO-COMMUNITARIAN DEMOCRACY: A NEW FRAMEWORK FOR GOVERNANCE
Get PDFLiberal democracy has long been regarded as the pinnacle of democratic governance, prioritizing individual rights, free markets, and representative institutions. However, its increasing challenges - including political polarization, disengaged citizenry, and a deepening focus on individualism at the expense of community welfare have raised questions about its long-term viability. A major question that this paper poses to unravel is why has liberal democracy that works in Western Europe failed to work in Africa? The paper, using theoretical analysis combined with comparative conceptual evaluation proposes Neo-Communitarian Democracy as an alternative model to correct the inherent flaws of liberal democracy. Grounded in the principles of civic engagement, social responsibility, and communal governance, Neo-Communitarian Democracy offers a more balanced approach that integrates individual freedoms with collective welfare. This article critically examines liberal democracy's shortcomings and presents a theoretical framework for Neo-Communitarian Democracy, drawing on both historical examples and contemporary case studies. Article visualizations