Innovare Academic Sciences: E-Journals
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EVALUATION OF ANTI-DEPRESSANT ACTIVITY OF ETHANOLIC EXTRACT OF PIPER METHYSTICUM LEAVES IN MICE
No full textObjective: The aim of this study to evaluate the anti-depressant activity of ethanolic extract of Piper methysticum leaves in mice.
Methods: The animals were grouped into four groups, each comprising 6 mice. One of the group as control, receiving normal saline water and second group as standard, receiving fluoxetine, while the remaining two groups were administered the test drug (300 mg/kg and 600 mg/kg). All drug administrations were conducted orally 1 h prior to the acute study test procedure and daily for a 14 d period for the chronic study.
Results: The administration of Piper methysticum doses resulted in a notable reduction in immobility duration during the Tail Suspension Test. In the Actophotometer assessment, mice exhibited a statistically significant increase in motor activity compared to the control group. The findings indicated that the ethanolic extract of Piper methysticum leaves at a dose of 600 mg/kg led to a significant increase in reduced glutathione and catalase activity. Simultaneously, there was a decrease in plasma corticosterone, lipid peroxidation, plasma nitrite, and protein concentration levels.
Conclusion: The antidepressant efficacy of Piper methysticum at a dosage of 600 mg/kg in mice is comparable to that of fluoxetine
A CRITICAL ASSESSMENT OF EUROPEAN UNION, A CATALYST TO INTEGRATION OF EUROPE
No full textThe paper examines the European Union (EU) as a catalyst to the integration of Europe. It discusses the geographical location of Europe. The origin, membership, aims, and organs of the EU came to focus. It assesses the EU as an agent of integration of Europe. The data were obtained from the primary and secondary sources. An oral interview constitutes the primary source. Books, Journals, Newspapers, Theses, Dissertations, etc., were used as secondary sources. It was found that attempts were made to establish associations with the mandate of the integration of Europe before the formation of the EU. It was also demonstrated that the Maastricht Treaty of 1992 renamed the European Community to the EU. It was also found that the custom union, common currency, and the European common market were part of the integration process. In conclusion, the EU has a lot of challenges confronting the realization of the mandate
DEVELOPMENT AND VALIDATION OF A LIQUID CHROMATOGRAPHY-TANDEM MASS SPECTROMETRY ANALYTICAL METHOD FOR THE CONCURRENT QUANTIFICATION OF CABOTEGRAVIR AND RILPIVIRINE IN RAT PLASMA
No full textObjective: To establish and authenticate a precise and dependable liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) technique for the concurrent quantification of Cabotegravir (CAB) and Rilpivirine (RIL) in rat plasma, specifically for pharmacokinetic studies.
Methods: A protein precipitation extraction procedure was employed, followed by chromatographic separation on a Kromasil C18 column using ethanol and 0.1% triethylamine buffer (30:70, v/v, pH 2.5) as the mobile phase. Quantification was performed using an electrospray ionization interface coupled with a SCIEX QTRAP 5500 mass spectrometer in multiple reaction monitoring mode. The mass transitions for CAB (m/z 406.1240 → 218.3257), RIL (m/z 367.2103 → 174.1127), and the internal standard Raltegravir (m/z 445.1147 → 389.5261) were optimized for maximum sensitivity.
Results: Witnessed excellent linearity (r2 > 0.999), precision (≤15% CV), and accuracy (85–115%) for both intra- and inter-day assays. Recovery rates for CAB and RIL ranged from 94% to 98%. The method exhibited negligible matrix effects, with lower limit of quantitation of 15 ng/mL for CAB and 10 ng/mL for RIL.
Conclusion: This approach provides a robust and sensitive approach for the concurrent quantification of CAB and RIL in rat plasma, suitable for pharmacokinetic studies, offering a reliable tool for future clinical and pre-clinical research on these drugs
DESIGN AND DEVELOPMENT OF ENZALUTAMIDE-ENCAPSULATED POLYCAPROLACTONE NANOPARTICLES FOR PROSTATE CANCER: A BOX–BEHNKEN STATISTICAL APPROACH
No full textObjectives: This study presents the design and development of Enzalutamide (EZ)-encapsulated polycaprolactone (PCL) nanoparticles (NPs) for targeted prostate cancer therapy, employing a statistical Box–Behnken design to optimize formulation parameters.
Methods: NPs were prepared through the emulsion solvent evaporation method and evaluated for particle size, entrapment efficiency (EE) %, and zeta potential. In vivo pharmacokinetic and cytotoxicity studies were carried out to ensure the in vivo efficacy of the optimised formulation.
Results: The formulations exhibited particle sizes ranging from 148 nm to 219 nm, EE% between 70% and 92%, and zeta potentials from −13.4 mV to −32.5 mV, indicating good colloidal stability. Transmission electron microscopy confirmed spherical morphology, while Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) revealed no significant chemical interactions between EZ and PCL, confirming compatibility. Cytotoxicity studies demonstrated enhanced anticancer activity of the optimized NPs, with a lower half-maximal inhibitory concentration (14.27 μg/mL) value compared to pure EZ (22.24 μg/mL), suggesting improved cellular uptake and therapeutic efficacy. In the pharmacokinetic evaluation, EZ-loaded optimized NPs (Opt-EZ-PCL-NPs) exhibited a threefold enhancement in area under the curve (34.42 μg.h/mL) (p<0.05) relative to the pure EZ suspension formulation (11.30 μg.h/mL) (p<0.05), reflecting improved systemic bioavailability.
Conclusion: These findings support the potential of PCL-based nanocarriers as an effective delivery system for EZ in PC treatment
DEVELOPMENT OF FILM COATED ORAL DOSAGE FORM OF ACAMPROSATE CALCIUM
No full textObjective: The present work is directed toward the development of film coated oral dosage form (tablet), which will extend the release of Acamprosate calcium.
Methods: Film-coating tablet containing Acamprosate calcium was prepared by the direct compression method.
Results: The hardness, drug content, disintegration, and dissolution profile of Acamprosate calcium batch F6 considered as optimized batch. This batch showed dissolution of the drug at 180 min about 94%. Drug content of optimized batch was 99.7%, Hardness and thickness of optimized batch (F6) were found to be 9.3–11.3N and 5.57–5.69 mm, respectively.
Conclusion: Prepared Film-coated tablets of Acamprosate calcium have extended release as expected
TRENDS IN ANTIMICROBIAL PRESCRIBING: A RETROSPECTIVE ANALYSIS IN A TERTIARY CARE TEACHING HOSPITAL
No full textObjectives: The objective of this study was to assess trends in antimicrobial prescribing pattern in a tertiary care teaching hospital as a foundational step toward establishing an effective antimicrobial stewardship program.
Methods: A retrospective observational study was conducted at a tertiary care hospital involving patients admitted to the medicine ward and intensive care unit (ICU) from October to December 2019. Inclusion criteria comprised patients who received at least one antimicrobial agent (AMA). Data were collected from hospital records using a validated data collection tool that had been previously piloted for accuracy.
Results: We screened 1066 patients, including 324 (30.4%) patients for whom the rationality of the selection of AMAs was assessed. Only 53.3% of prescriptions were rational, per the hospital antimicrobial policy. Of the total prescriptions, 61.2% of AMAs were prescribed empirically, 31.5% definitively, and 7.3% prophylactically. The range of antibiotics prescribed per patient was 1–4. Although crucial, culture sensitivity testing was performed for 43.3% of ICU patients and 37.9% of medicine ward patients, resulting in an overall testing rate of 38.9% among patients.
Conclusion: The implementation of ASP is crucial in combating drug resistance; however, before its implementation, an audit, as conducted here, is essential to identify areas for improvement in antimicrobial prescribing practices. Our findings highlight the need to prioritize culture and sensitivity testing and to ensure adherence to the hospital’s antimicrobial policy through continued education and training for prescribers
DEVELOPMENT AND EVALUATION OF A POLYHERBAL MOUTHWASH FOR ENHANCED ORAL HYGIENE AND ANTIMICROBIAL DEFENSE
No full textObjective: Oral diseases have a prevalence of 3.5 billion people worldwide and a few of them use synthetic mouthwashes which lead to side effects. The purpose of this research was to design and test a polyherbal mouthwash containing Neem, Tulsi, Turmeric, Peppermint, Lemongrass, and Clove extracts for use as a natural substitute for chlorhexidine-based products.
Methods: The plant materials were extracted by cold maceration using ethanol. Three compositions (F1-F3) were developed with different concentrations of the ingredients. Phytochemical investigation revealed the presence of alkaloids, flavonoids, tannins, terpenoids, phenols, and saponins. Quantitative measurement of total phenolic content (TPC) and total flavonoid content (TFC) was also carried out. The formulations were tested for organoleptic properties, pH, viscosity, surface tension, and foaming ability. The antimicrobial activity was assessed against Streptococcus mutans, Candida albicans, Lactobacillus acidophilus, and Enterococcus faecalis by broth microdilution method. Stability testing was carried out at 25±2°C for 30 days.
Results: F3 had the greatest antimicrobial activity with minimum inhibitory concentration values that were 50–62.5% lower than F1. Clove and turmeric gave the highest TPC (58.6±2.9 and 51.3±2.6 mg gallic acid equivalents/mL) and TFC (48.9±2.4 and 45.6±2.3 mg QE/mL). The formulations kept their pH 6.4–6.7, had good viscosity (2.10–2.14 cP), and were both physically and chemically stable for 30 days.
Conclusion: The polyherbal mouthwash has the same antimicrobial efficacy as chlorhexidine, but with better safety and patient compliance, thus it can be a natural and eco-friendly oral hygiene and disease prevention solution
THIOSEMICARBAZONE – BASEDZN(II), CU(II),NI(II) AND CO(II) COMPLEXES: SYNTHESIS, CHARACTERIZATION AND EVALUATION OFANTIBACTERIAL AND ANTIFUNGALACTIVITIES
No full textObjective: The aim of the research is to synthesis, characterize and evaluate the biological activity of Cu(II), Zn(II), Co(II) and Ni(II) complex from thiosemicarbazone (TSC) ligands.
Methods: The ligands were synthesised by refluxing thiosemicarbazide with 2-acetylfuran in water, forming a dark brown product. The complexation reaction involved stirring aqueous solutions of Cu(II), Zn(II), Co(II) and Ni(II) salts with an ethanolic solution of Schiff base ligand. These metal complexes were tested for their anti-fungal and anti-bacterial activity against selected fungal and bacterial strains.
Results: The complexes were studied using infrared (IR), nuclear magnetic resonance and Mass spectroscopy. IR spectra showed that the nitrogen (of azomethine) and atoms of sulfur coordinated the ligands. Metal complexes activity has superior antifungal and antibacterial as compared to free ligands, perhaps due to lipophilicity and chelation. Zinc(II) complexes had the highest activity, followed by Cu(II), Ni(II) and Co(II) complexes, demonstrating the role of the central metal ion in biological characteristics.
Conclusion: The obtained outcomes specified that the produced complexes of metal with TSC may be attractive candidates for novel antibacterial and antifungal medicines, requiring additional biological investigations
PSYCHIATRIC COMORBIDITY AND QUALITY OF LIFE IMPAIRMENT IN ALCOHOL DEPENDENCE: A CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDY FROM A TERTIARY CARE COHORT
No full textObjective: The objective of the study is to determine the prevalence and pattern of anxiety and depression in patients with alcohol dependence syndrome (ADS) and to examine their association with quality of life (QoL) domains in a tertiary-care cohort.
Methods: This cross-sectional observational study enrolled 171 male patients diagnosed with ADS at a tertiary care center in India. Psychiatric morbidity was assessed using the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS), and QoL was measured using the World Health Organization QoL-BREF. Analyses included descriptive statistics, Mann–Whitney U and Kruskal–Wallis H tests, chi-square test for association between anxiety and depression severity, Spearman rank correlations, and multiple linear regression modeling. A comparative synthesis of published studies (2020–2025) was used to contextualize prevalence estimates.
Results: Using the standard HADS abnormal cut-off (≥11), abnormal anxiety was observed in 41.5% (n=71) and abnormal depression in 43.8% (n=75). When HADS caseness was defined as score ≥8, anxiety and depression caseness were present in 59.65% (n=102) and 59.06% (n=101), respectively, with comorbid anxiety–depression in 42.11% (n=72). Anxiety and depression caseness showed a significant association (χ2=13.88, p<0.001). Previous treatment history was not associated with lower current anxiety or depression severity; however, patients with prior treatment had significantly higher social well-being scores (mean difference=8.45, p=0.021). Correlations between psychiatric symptom severity and QoL domains were negligible (Spearman ρ<0.13), and regression models demonstrated low explanatory power (R2≤0.04).
Conclusion: Psychiatric comorbidity is common and clinically significant among tertiary-care ADS patients. The finding that previous treatment is linked to better social functioning despite persistent psychiatric symptoms suggests that treatment contact may confer durable social benefits independent of symptom remission. The weak symptom–QoL association and low model R2 values support the view that functional outcomes in ADS are multidetermined, underscoring the need for integrated dual-diagnosis care with explicit emphasis on sustained psychosocial rehabilitation and social reintegration
Exploring Faculty Perspectives on Artificial Intelligence Adoption in Higher Education: An Analysis Using the UTAUT Framework
No full textIn India, the higher education system is in transition; understanding faculty perspectives on the adoption of artificial intelligence (AI) in teaching and learning is essential. This is especially crucial in India, where a diverse higher education system exists. However, in India, few works focus on AI adoption and its impacts. Addressing this gap empirically is crucial to successful AI adoption in Indian higher education. This paper examined faculty perceptions of AI use in India, including perceived ease of use, performance expectancy, effort expectancy, social influence, and threat perception. A quantitative method was employed, based on data collected from 380 faculty members using a self-developed questionnaire, and a convenience sampling technique was used. The findings indicated that perceived benefits, institutional support, peer influence, and perceived risks positively affected behavioural intentions and the actual use of AI. Ease of use and actual AI adoption were significantly determined by institutional support, whereas ease of use was not a significant factor in behavioural intention. These findings highlight the importance of robust institutional leadership, support, and training in AI. This study provides practical insights for improving AI integration in Indian higher education and drives digital transformation through informed strategies and sound practices