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Knots Not Detected by Any Trace
No full textAbstractThe first and last named authors have demonstrated the existence of knots for which every integral slope is non-characterizing. In this short note, we extend this result in two ways. There exists a knot that shares for every integer the same -trace with infinitely many mutually distinct knots. Moreover, every knot is concordant to a knot that is not detected by any of its traces
Canalized to heat, plastic to cold: adaptive coordination of leaf and seed strategies in populations spanning an elevational gradient
No full textIn tropical mountains, surviving temperature extremes demands finely tuned strategies. We investigated how populations of the bromeliad Pitcairnia flammea across a 2200 m elevational gradient balance genetic canalization and plasticity, and whether thermal strategies are coordinated between seeds and leaves. Seven populations (n ≥ 20 per site) were studied in the field and in a > 2-yr common-garden experiment. Leaf traits (mass per area, area, succulence, stomatal, and trichome densities) and thermal tolerance (T
for heat and cold) were measured, and germination assays (10-35°C) quantified seed thermal performances. Multivariate analyses linked leaf and seed traits to elevation and local thermal conditions. Heat tolerance and leaf traits were maintained in the common garden, indicating strong canalization, whereas cold tolerance was highly plastic, decreasing by up to 17.9°C. Seeds from high elevations germinated faster, with higher cardinal temperatures and c. 230 fewer growing degree days than lowland seeds. Thermal niche differentiation in P. flammea arises from canalized heat resistance and plastic cold responses, coordinated across leaves and seeds. Considering thermal traits across life stages improves predictions of population resilience under climate warming
2018 International Consensus Meeting on Musculoskeletal Infection: Findings of the Foot and Ankle Work Group
No full textExploring the Impact of Cultural Identity on Mental Health Outcomes in Migrating Hispanic Parent-Child Dyads: A Study on Sociocultural Adaptation on Minority Stress
No full textIn our globalized world, the movement of people across borders has led to diverse multicultural societies. Immigrant populations, navigating challenges in cultural adaptation and mental well-being, particularly during crisis migration, face additional obstacles. This phenomenon, marked by forced displacement due to conflicts or disasters, significantly impacts families, exacerbating existing challenges. Adverse circumstances during crisis migration, such as loss of homes and exposure to violence, profoundly affect mental well-being and family dynamics. Families may struggle to maintain cultural identity amidst the crisis and the need to integrate into a new society, leading to psychological distress and adjustment difficulties.Understanding the interplay between cultural identity, mental health outcomes, and family dynamics in crisis-affected immigrant families is crucial. Recognizing and addressing their unique challenges allows for targeted interventions, promoting well-being and successful integration.Puerto Rican and Venezuelan communities, with distinct migration experiences, offer an opportunity to investigate the relationship between cultural identity and mental health outcomes, particularly in parent-child relationships. Three data sets, focusing on Puerto Rican parent-child relationships and Venezuelan parent-child relationships, all cross-sectional and longitudinal studies, provide a comprehensive overview. Although distinct populations, the common thread between these groups are that 1) they were both displaced through crisis, and 2) both are culturally different to their host country.</p
Reasoned Change in Logic
No full textBy a reasoned change in logic I mean a change in the logic with which you make inferences that is based on your evidence. An argument sourced in recently published material Kripke lectured on in the 1970s, and dubbed the Adoption Problem by Birman (then Padró) in her 2015 dissertation challenges the possibility of reasoned changes in logic. I explain why evidentialists should be alarmed by this challenge, and then I go on to dispel it. The Adoption Problem rests on a failure to distinguish between logical principles such as Universal Instantiation and Modus Ponens which might or might not govern your inferences with superficially similar laws which must govern your cognitive architecture
Leveraging Bayesian Machine Learning to Elucidate Brain-Based Biomarkers of Cognitive Aging
No full textCognitive aging is characterized by normative change involving multiple neuropsychological domains. For some individuals, age-related decline crosses a threshold signaling the beginning of pathological decline. A wealth of potential predictors of negative cognitive aging have been proposed, including cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and blood-based biomarkers of known neurological pathologies, novel biomarkers of the central and peripheral nervous systems, structural and functional magnetic resonance imaging, diffusion tensor imaging, arterial spin labeling, and a range of cardiovascular, metabolic, and neuroinflammatory indicators. This study sought to integrate the wide number of biometrics available by leveraging advancements in Bayesian machine learning for the purpose of identifying the most salient predictors of cognitive trajectories across multiple neuropsychological domains. Results suggest baseline neuropsychological functioning, global hypometabolism, morphometry, and CSF biomarkers are consistent predictors of decline. Additionally regional volumetrics and indicators of pathology burden demonstrated specificity to trajectories of memory and executive functions.</p
Status and Operative Outcomes of the Fontan Procedure Performed Beyond the First Decade of Life in the United States
No full textThe Fontan operation is typically performed between two and five years-of-age in the United States. In this study, we analyzed the immediate outcomes of the Fontan operation performed beyond the first decade of life in the United States using a large administrative database.
Kids' Inpatient Database (2003-2019) and Nationwide Inpatient Sample (2016-2021) datasets were used; 10,245 pediatric patients undergoing the Fontan operation were identified. The cohort was divided into: Traditional Fontan (TF, 2-5 years-of-age, n = 9,900) and Late Fontan (LF, ≥10 years-of-age, n = 345); Survivor and non-survivor status were based on discharge mortality. Demographic and clinical characteristics were assessed using standard statistical tests.
Only 3% of the Fontan procedures (n = 345/10,245) belonged to the LF group. LF was comprised predominantly of non-Caucasian ethnicity, higher socioeconomic class, and had a greater comorbidity burden. Heterotaxy syndrome and total anomalous pulmonary venous return were more common in the LF group as compared with hypoplastic left heart syndrome in the TF group. Patients in the LF group experienced higher postoperative morbidity but similar mortality and often required specialized healthcare post-discharge. Multivariate regression analysis revealed inferior survival among Fontan patients with ECMO use, atrioventricular septal defect, coagulopathy, acute kidney injury, infection, prolonged mechanical ventilation, but not age at Fontan.
The proportion of patients undergoing LF compared with TF has decreased over time signalling a move toward earlier timing of the Fontan procedure. However, within the LF group, the number of LF patients has increased over time signifying an extended application of the Fontan operation. The patients in the LF group experienced greater postoperative morbidity with an associated higher baseline comorbidity but not short-term mortality after the Fontan procedure
Chapter 15 - Machine learning for subseasonal-to-seasonal prediction
No full textIn this chapter, we cover the current state of machine learning (ML) applied to subseasonal-to-seasonal (S2S) prediction and predictability. This includes ML applications for postprocessing and online bias correction, data-driven forecasting, and scientific discovery. We detail best practices, community efforts, as well as previous research and future directions for ML applications to S2S prediction and predictability
Data and code supporting the publication "Integrating spatial patterns of herbivorous fish functional diversity to inform coral reef management"
No full textHerbivory is a key ecological process on coral reefs, regulating algal-coral competition, facilitating coral recruitment, and supporting reef resilience. Herbivorous fishes provide most of this function and can be categorised into five functional groups based on diet, foraging behaviour, and ecological impact. Here we assess drivers of herbivorous fish functional diversity, abundance, and richness across Tetiaroa Atoll, Te Ao Mā'ohi (French Polynesia) using data from 89 underwater visual transects. Spatial-environmental variables derived from in situ and remotely sensed data were incorporated alongside transect data in generalised linear mixed models. Water depth, area of grazeable coral and hardbottom habitats, seabird-driven nutrient enrichment, and proximity to spearfishing were among the strongest predictors of herbivorous fish abundance and richness, though their effects varied in magnitude and direction across functional groups. Herbivory in Tetiaroa’s lagoon appeared relatively robust, with ~75% of transects containing representatives from three of the five distinct herbivorous fish functional feeding groups. Consistent co-occurrence of functional groups suggests strong spatial complementarity in the removal of macroalgal germlings, grazing of algal turfs, and clearing of reef substrate. However, the near absence of browsers and excavators indicates a potential vulnerability in controlling mature macroalgae and sustaining the natural erosion and renewal of the reef’s calcium carbonate structure. Our spatially explicit, process-oriented generalised linear mixed modelling approach provides a scalable framework for assessing reef herbivory — moving beyond biomass or presence-absence metrics to identify functional gaps and guide targeted, scale-sensitive strategies that maintain critical ecological processes in tropical reefs facing mounting anthropogenic and climate pressures
High Grade Colorectal Adenocarcinomas with SMAD4 Deficiency
No full textPoor prognosis has been reported for patients with SMAD4 deficient (dSMAD4) colorectal adenocarcinomas (CRCs). However, it remains unclear whether unique tumor morphologies or other advanced disease signatures might stratify those patients. To reappraise this possibility across a homogenous cohort of CRC patients with advanced-stage disease, we leveraged next generation sequencing (NGS) data to identify fifty dSMAD4 CRCs at our institution. An equal number NGS-verified SMAD4 proficient (pSMAD4) CRCs were identified in parallel, yielding a control group with similar demographics, clinicopathologic parameters, and background genetic drivers as the dSMAD4 test group. Although both groups progressed to AJCC stage IV metastatic disease at high rates (dSMAD4: 90%, pSMAD4: 86%), dSMAD4 CRC specimens were enriched with overtly high-grade (HG) mucinous and non-mucinous histomorphologies (dSMAD4: 44%; pSMAD4: 12%; p=0.0007). The HG subset drove poor prognosis in dSMAD4 CRCs, as those patients developed widely metastatic disease (p=0.0048) with short overall and progression-free survival (p≤0.0001). Metastasis of unknown primary was not uncommon for HG dSMAD4 CRCs, posing diagnostic challenges in those instances. However, all dSMAD4 CRCs retained positive immunolabeling for either CDX2 or SATB2 irrespective of grade, thereby aiding diagnosis and distinguishing the HG subset from other HG CRCs that lose these biomarkers. Our reappraisal identifies an underappreciated class of HG dSMAD4 CRCs that progresses rapidly to widely metastatic disease with a dismal prognosis. Although HG morphologies may mask CRC origins, immunohistochemistry retains diagnostic utility for dSMAD4 CRCs