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Preconception Cardiometabolic Markers and Odds of Developing Adverse Pregnancy Outcomes: Results from the Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latinos (HCHS/SOL)
No full textAdverse pregnancy outcomes (APO) are associated with increased cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk. However, studies evaluating preconception cardiometabolic risk factors and the development of APO are lacking in high-risk, understudied groups including the Hispanic/Latina population.We examined the odds of APO associated with preconception cardiometabolic markers in the prospective cohort of Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latinos (HCHS/SOL). APO was defined as self-reported hypertensive disorders of pregnancy (HDP) or gestational diabetes (GDM). Metabolic syndrome was defined per NCEP-ATP III criteria. Women reporting at least 1 pregnancy between baseline (2008-2011) and visit 2 (2014-2017) were included. Multivariate logistic regressions were used to determine the odds of APO.Among 529 participants, 111 (21%) reported an APO. In adjusted models, higher preconception systolic blood pressure (SBP), body mass index, waist circumference, HbA1c, and Homeostatic Model Assessment of Insulin Resistance (HOMA-IR) were associated with increased odds of APO. A dose-response relationship in metabolic syndrome components, with two and three or more components significantly increasing the odds of developing an APO (adjusted OR 2.50 (1.07, 5.84) and 3.39 (1.37, 8.42)).High-risk preconception cardiometabolic abnormalities increase the odds of developing an APO in Hispanic/Latina women, with a dose-response relationship by the number of metabolic syndrome components. Early identification and intervention are crucial to reduce APOs and their long-term cardiovascular consequences in this population
One hundred unanswered questions on the dispersal ecology of fungi
No full textFungi comprise millions of species that play numerous varied roles in Earth's natural and managed ecosystems, engaging in a multitude of positive and negative ecological interactions. The dispersal ecology of fungi is central to global biodiversity patterns, maintenance of terrestrial and aquatic ecosystem functions, and tracking human disease and plant pathogen outbreaks. Mycologists have been studying dispersal mechanisms for over a hundred years, but new technology as well as interdisciplinary approaches have reinvigorated research in the field. Here we present 100 research questions in fungal dispersal organized into ten themes: 1) dispersal traits and mechanisms, 2) effects of phenology and lifestyle, 3) spore liberation and transport mechanisms, 4) colonization and establishment, 5) ecosystem-level consequences of dispersal, 6) dispersal in symbiotic and host-associated fungi, 7) dispersal in anthropogenic and changing environments, 8) evolution and tradeoffs in dispersal, 9) role of dispersal in invasion and disease spread, and 10) methodology and techniques. The questions reflect a diversity of new research avenues from fundamental fungal biology to applied ecosystem management and conservation across spatial and temporal scales. They potentially enable integrating fungi and their unique life-history traits and dispersal strategies into existing dispersal frameworks developed around plant and animal systems. We aim to invigorate fungal dispersal research, sparking conversations and providing a focused agenda to widen the tent by illuminating unanswered questions and new research avenues in ecology and evolutionary biology
Trade Study of Tandem Wing at Hover with Deflected Slipstreme Enabled by CoFlow Jet aLow Reynolds number
No full textPractice, Policy, and Research Recommendations to Improve Decision-Making about Surgery for People Living with Dementia: A Delphi Panel Consensus
No full textIdentify consensus-based policy and practice recommendations and develop research priorities to enhance surgical decision-making in the context of dementia.
People Living with Dementia (PLWD) and their families and healthcare providers face clinical, ethical, and psychosocial challenges when making surgical decisions.
We conducted a modified Delphi panel August-December 2024, consisting of interviews, surveys, and virtual discussions. Panel members rated potential recommendations on importance and feasibility for practice and policy recommendations, and priority for research recommendations.
23 stakeholders, including surgeons, other clinicians, researchers, policy experts, PLWD and care partners participated on the panel. Policy and practice recommendations (n=28) and research recommendations (n=21) covered the following domains: 1) Obtaining information about cognitive impairment, physical function, capacity to consent, and general goals of care for patients with surgical conditions; 2) Advancing resources to support surgical decision-making in the context of dementia; 3) Enhancing care collaboration and team-based care for patients with surgical conditions in the context of dementia; 4) Using policy to enhance surgical decision-making for patients living with dementia; 5) Increasing surgical clinician knowledge and understanding of the dementia context. Of 28 policy and practice recommendations rated by the panel, 25 achieved consensus for high importance but uncertain feasibility, 2 reached consensus for both high importance and feasibility, and 1 remained uncertain on both importance and feasibility. All 21 research recommendations reached consensus for high priority.
This study provides direction to inform surgical practice, policy development, and future research to support surgical decision-making for PLWD, families, and clinicians
8 - Tumors of the Posterior Segment
No full textSpecific sonographic features can help differentiate intraocular tumors and establish accurate diagnosis with adjunction to ophthalmoscopy. Furthermore, the detection and differentiation provide precise measurements essentials in planning treatments. In addition to imaging the tissues easily seen by clinical methods, it can image the extraocular extension of an intraocular tumor, which is hidden from clinical visualization
Erratum: Microbial translocation and gut damage is associated with hepatic fibrosis but not steatosis in women with and without HIV
No full textSupplementary Material for "Dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans: A clinical review of diagnosis and management"
No full textSupplementary Figure 1. Higher magnification hematoxylin and eosin stain reveals a cellular dermal and subcutaneous neoplasm composed of uniform spindle cells arranged in a characteristic storiform pattern. There is infiltration into the surrounding adipose tissue in a characteristic "honeycomb" pattern, with tumor cells dissecting between individual fat cells. There is minimal cytologic atypia, low mitotic activity, and no necrosis.
Supplementary Figure 2. Immunostaining for CD34 shows strong and diffuse membranous and cytoplasmic positivity for CD34 in the neoplastic spindle cells throughout the lesion. The background adipocytes are negative, which highlights the honeycomb infiltration pattern of the tumor into subcutaneous fat
Retraction for Somatic mutation of the cohesin complex subunit confers therapeutic vulnerabilities in cancer
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