194341 research outputs found
Sort by
Kaposi Sarcoma–Associated Herpesvirus Infection and Complications Among Solid Organ Transplant Recipients — United States, January 2021–September 2025
Get PDFCognitive behavioral stress management and physical activity in breast cancer survivors: A two-part growth model
No full textObjective: We modeled changes in both engagement versus nonengagement and frequency of engagement in moderate to vigorous physical activity (MVPA) in women with breast cancer (BC) participating in a trial of cognitive behavioral stress management (CBSM) intervention during the first year of treatment. Method: We recruited 240 women with Stage 0–III BC 2–8 weeks postsurgery and randomly assigned them to either a 10-week group CBSM intervention or 1-day psychoeducational (PE) control before they began adjuvant therapy. A brief version of the Seven-Day Physical Activity (PA) Report measured frequency of MVPA, and a measure of perceived stress management skills assessed stress awareness, relaxation skills, and coping confidence in participants at baseline (T1), 6 months (T2), and 12 months (T3) after randomization. We used a two-part latent growth to model change in both engagement versus nonengagement and frequency of engagement in MVPA. Results: The unconditional model showed significant changes in frequency of engagement in MVPA over time (β = 0.11, p .05). Conclusions: CBSM increased the likelihood of MVPA engagement during primary treatment for BC. However, contrary to hypotheses, perceived stress management skills did not mediate this relationship. Further research should explore additional pathways to better understand how CBSM may have supported physical activity engagement during or after cancer treatment. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2026 APA, all rights reserved
Negative feedback regulation of STING signaling by TAX1BP1-directed Golgiphagy
No full textThe cGAS-STING pathway is a critical regulator of type I Interferon (IFN) and inflammation upon cytosolic DNA-sensing. cGAS-STING signaling termination is regulated by lysosomal-mediated degradation of STING; however, the mechanisms controlling the inhibitory targeting of STING are incompletely understood. Here, we identify the selective autophagy receptor TAX1BP1 as a negative regulator of the cGAS-STING pathway. TAX1BP1-deficient macrophages activated by cGAS or STING agonists accumulate higher-order STING aggregates, exhibit heightened STING signaling, and increased production of type I IFN and proinflammatory cytokines. Mechanistically, TAX1BP1 promotes STING degradation through microautophagy by facilitating the interaction of STING with the ESCRT-0 protein HGS. Furthermore, STING activation is associated with the swelling and fragmentation of the Golgi apparatus, and TAX1BP1 and p62/SQSTM1 are essential for the autophagic degradation of fragmented Golgi (Golgiphagy). Our findings suggest that STING activation at the Golgi is coupled to its downregulation by Golgiphagy to restrict innate immune responses
Radiomic Clustering of First-Order Features Predicts Postoperative Outcomes Following Pituitary Adenoma Resection
No full textData for benthic habitat changes in the Joulters cays and the North Abacos region, the Bahamas
No full textThe aim of this work is to understand how benthic habitat changes in the shallow water of the Bahamas in the last 80 years. Therefore, we compared the modern statellite images with historic images.
This dataset contains:
Data S1: original individual vintage image.
Data S2: assembled vintage image.
Data S3: ArcGIS file that interpret vintage/modern images.
Data S4: Interpreted habitat maps (shapefile).
Data S5: Spreadsheet containing area and perimeter statistics for individual patches.
Data S6: Spreadsheet containing tracking results.
Data S7: Input and output of STACKER model.
Readme: descriptions of these dataset in more details.
The code assoicated with Data S6, S7 is stored in: https://github.com/MindTheGap-ERC/TrackingHabitat.git
Artificial Intelligence for Diagnostic Guidance in Ocular Surface Disorders
No full textArtificial intelligence (AI) has been explored as a promising diagnostic aid for ocular surface diseases (OSDs). The spectrum of OSD ranges from highly prevalent benign conditions such as dry eye disease (DED) to rare but potentially dangerous disorders, including ocular surface squamous neoplasia (OSSN) and conjunctival melanoma. This review provides an overview of current applications of AI across the major categories of ocular surface pathology and specifically highlights anterior segment imaging modalities, including slit-lamp examination, optical coherence tomography (OCT), and in vivo confocal microscopy (IVCM). Meibography, tear film dynamics, biochemical profiling, and other DED-related measures are also examined. Across these domains, reported AI model performance matches or exceeds that of ophthalmologists, offering consistent, reproducible, and accurate approaches for guiding diagnosis. However, studies with limited external or prospective validation, variable labeling strategies, and small, device-specific datasets predominate in the current literature, thereby limiting generalizability. Large multicenter datasets, standardized diagnostic frameworks, multimodal integration, and prospective trials that assess human–AI cooperation in practical settings should be an emphasis in future research. By filling these gaps, AI systems could advance from experimental tools to clinically reliable applications that improve access and diagnostic accuracy in the care of ocular surface disease and tumors
Bitemporal Lobe Epilepsy: Evolving Diagnostic and Treatment Paradigms
No full textBilateral temporal lobe epilepsy (BTLE) represents a challenging subset of drug-resistant epilepsy, accounting for 20-35% of temporal lobe epilepsy cases. Characterized by independent seizure onset from both temporal lobes, BTLE complicates diagnosis and treatment due to the difficulty in precisely localizing seizure onset zones (SOZs) and its profound cognitive and quality-of-life impact. Memory impairment and frequent seizures significantly burden patients, necessitating advanced diagnostic and therapeutic strategies. Traditional scalp EEG often reveals bilateral ictal patterns but lacks specificity to confirm independent seizure foci. Stereoelectroencephalography remains the gold standard for accurate SOZ localization in BTLE, supported by comprehensive semiological and neuropsychological assessments. Understanding the structural and functional connectivity of the temporal lobes is essential for tailored management. Surgical resection is generally discouraged in BTLE owing to modest seizure control and high risk of cognitive decline. However, unilateral resection may benefit selected patients with pronounced seizure laterality (≥80%), though data remain inconsistent. Neuromodulation therapies, including vagus nerve stimulation, deep brain stimulation, and responsive neurostimulation (RNS), have emerged as promising alternatives, demonstrating responder rates around 70%. Notably, RNS offers unique advantages by enabling long-term monitoring to refine seizure laterality and potentially guide future surgical decisions. Despite these advances, access to neuromodulation remains limited in many settings. BTLE continues to pose diagnostic and therapeutic challenges, emphasizing the need for ongoing research to optimize individualized approaches and improve patient outcomes
Energy Efficient Federated Learning with Hyperdimensional Computing (HDC)
No full textThis paper investigates the problem of minimizing total energy consumption for secure federated learning (FL) in wireless edge networks, a key paradigm for decentralized big data analytics. To tackle the high computational cost and privacy challenges of processing large-scale distributed data with conventional neural networks, we propose an FL with hyperdimensional computing and differential privacy (FL-HDC-DP) framework. Each edge device employs hyperdimensional computing (HDC) for lightweight local training and applies differential privacy (DP) noise to protect transmitted model updates. The total energy consumption is minimized through a joint optimization of the HDC dimension, transmit power, and CPU frequency. An efficient hybrid algorithm is developed, combining an outer enumeration search for HDC dimensions with an inner one-dimensional search for resource allocation. Simulation results show that the proposed framework achieves up to 83.3% energy reduction compared with baseline schemes, while maintaining high accuracy and faster convergence
Vertical Tarsal Plate Buckling Following Conjunctival Mullerectomy: An Unusual Complication
No full textA 75-year-old patient presented with vertical tarsal plate buckling of both upper eyelids following a conjunctival mullerectomy. Clinical examination demonstrated significant lid laxity and lateral canthal tendon instability as well as short surgical scars on the conjunctival surface. The purported mechanism was an imbalance between the strong vertical force exerted by the resected muscle applied to a short width of tissue and the relatively weak horizontal lid stabilizing forces. This case underscores the importance of carefully considering all anatomic forces supporting eyelid dynamics prior to ptosis surgery
Looking at Infrared Background Radiation Anisotropies with Spitzer. II. Small Scale Anisotropies and their Implications for New and Upcoming Space Surveys
No full textSpitzer-based source-subtracted cosmic infrared background (CIB) fluctuations at arcminute-to-degree scales indicate the presence of new populations, whereas subarcminute power arises from known z ≲ 6 galaxies. We reconstruct the evolution of the near-IR CIB anisotropies on subarcminute scales by known galaxy populations. This method is based on, and significantly advanced over, the empirical reconstruction by Helgason et al. which is combined with the halo model connecting galaxies to their host dark matter halos. The modeled CIB fluctuations from known galaxies produce the majority of the observed small-scale signal down to statistical uncertainties of <10% and we constrain the evolution of the halo mass regime hosting such galaxies. Thus, the large-scale CIB fluctuations from new populations are produced by sources with negligible small-scale power. This appears to conflict with the presented intra-halo light models, but is accounted for if the new sources are at high z . Our analysis spanning several Spitzer datasets allows us to narrow the estimated contributions of remaining known galaxies to the CIB anisotropies to be probed potentially from surveys by new and upcoming space missions such as Euclid, SPHEREx, and Roman. Of these, the Roman surveys have the best prospects for measuring the source-subtracted CIB and probing the nature of the underlying new populations at λ < 2 μ m, followed by Euclid’s surveys, while for SPHEREx the source-subtracted CIB signal from them appears significantly overwhelmed by the CIB from remaining known galaxies