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Pattern of Occupational Diversification among Rural Agricultural Households: A Field View
Full text linkThis paper attempt seeks to examine the nature and expansion of non-farming activities in rural areas, as well as to investigate patterns of occupational diversification among various socio-economic strata household in rural Bundelkhand. It also investigates how various social groups and local populations move to non-farming occupations in rural Bundelkhand, Madhya Pradesh. Madhya Pradesh remains an agrarian state, with around 70% of the people living in rural areas. This field study was undertaken in the Bundelkhand region of Madhya Pradesh, India. Bundelkhand, located in one of India's rain-scarce regions, has grappled with prolonged drought conditions over an extended period. Madhya Pradesh, ranking as the fifth most populous state in India, rural population of 72.6 million residing in rural areas and 27.63 percent living in urban areas. For this study, two villages were selected to conduct the empirical study and a mix method approach been taken for the research study and the household survey and semi-structured interview have carried out in selected villages of total 415 total households. Study suggests that rural transformation reveals diverse impacts on different social communities, shaping household experiences according to their disparate socio-cultural and economic statuses. The interplay between land and caste is a significant determinant of social occupational mobility, influencing the livelihood dynamics within the rural agrarian setting of Bundelkhand
Silent Invaders: A Review of Microplastic Accumulation and Its Impacts on Marine Commercial Invertebrates
No full textA new class of contaminants known as microplastics (MPs) has emerged in our environment due to the increased production and consumption of plastic products. Among the various sources of microplastics are larger plastic wastes, synthetic fabrics, and industrial goods. Microplastics, from surface waters to deep-sea sediments, are everywhere in the marine food web. Marine environments, especially marine invertebrates, which provide essential seafood, are being threatened by microplastic pollution. Marine invertebrates are particularly vulnerable to the ingestion, bioaccumulation, and related toxicological consequences of microplastics despite their crucial roles in trophic dynamics and biogeochemical cycles. This review article investigates microplastics' prevalence, sources, and effects on marine invertebrates worldwide. Results from multiple studies are compiled in this review to illustrate the extent of microplastic pollution in different marine environments and the biological consequences for invertebrate species. Important discoveries reveal that various marine invertebrates consume microplastics, negatively impacting their physiology, reproduction rates, and survival. The review addresses the trophic transfer of microplastics within food webs, the interaction with co-contaminants, and the potential for long-term ecological consequences. As part of the review, gaps in current research are identified and future directions are suggested for investigating the effects of microplastic pollution on marine ecosystems
Fluorescence Quenching Analysis of 6MNPM Molecule by Steady State Method
No full textThe current work uses aniline as a quencher in a variety of solvents to investigate the room-temperature fluorescence quenching of a physiologically active fluorescent probe, namely “6-Methoxy-4-(4-nitro-phenoxy methyl)-chromene-2-one (6MNPM) coumarin molecule”. To understand its behaviour in various media, several solvents with different dielectric constants and refractive indices have been used. Spectroscopy techniques and time-correlated single photon counting were used to describe the absorption spectra, emission spectra, and lifespan value of a molecule. From fluorescence quenching analysis, we find that the S-V curve shows a linear dependence in given solvents with various dielectric values. It is shown that quenching responses are dynamic, many forms of quenching have been identified, and the relevant parameters have been assessed
Effect of Brinkman number on Chemically reactive Bi-viscous Bingham hybrid nanofluid flow across the penetrable sheet with mass transfer
No full textThe current work aims to analyze the impact of Brinkman number and variable MHD on Bi-viscous Bingham hybrid nanofluid flow across the penetrable sheet with heat transfer. Molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) and Graphite oxide (GO) nanoparticles are dispersed in Sodium alginate (SA) to form a hybrid nanofluid. Using similarity conversions, the governing nonlinear PDEs for momentum, temperature, and concentration are transformed into ODEs along with the boundary condition. In the fluid region, the heat balance is kept conservative with a source/sink that relies on the temperature, and in the case of radiation, Bvp-4c, and shooting method to obtain the numerical solutions. Furthermore, the results of the current problem can be discussed by implementing a graphical representation with different factors, The results of the present analysis define that upsurging the inverse Darcy number decays the axial velocity, and increasing the thermal radiation raises the temperature. The current problem contains many industrial uses in technology and industrial processes, like Aerodynamics in vehicle design, blood flow in medicine, and oil and gas extraction
DFT and Molecular Docking Investigations on a Pyrazole Derivative for Antimicrobial Applications
Full text linkThe global surge in multidrug-resistant infections calls for the development of new therapeutic agents. This study presents the preparation and characteristics of a 5-Amino-1-isonicotinoyl-3-(4-nitrophenyl)-2,3-dihydro-1H-pyrazole-4-carbonitrile (AINDPC). Electronic structure and reactivity were evaluated using quantum chemical methods, while molecular docking was used to assess its interaction with microbial target proteins, indicating strong antimicrobial potential. Pharmacokinetic profiling confirmed favorable drug-like characteristics and bioavailability. The compound also exhibited notable antimicrobial activity against various bacterial and fungal strains
Mapping Shockley-Read-Hall (SRH) lifetimes with differential photo conductance in Gallium Arsenide solar cells: effect of absorber thickness and electron hole lifetime asymmetry
No full textRecombination degrades a solar cell. Shockley-Read-Hall (SRH) recombination occurs in a solar cell due to the presence of defects. Defects control the lifetime of electrons and holes, and in a good solar cell these lifetimes should be as high as possible. Thus, it is a priority to know the SRH lifetimes in a working solar cell with good precision. Only if the lifetimes are measured properly can a protocol on how to increase them by minimizing the defects be followed. Standard methods are available which extracts SRH lifetimes from solar cell test structures. In this work, we use a method which is less costly and complex and applies to solar cells directly rather than test structures. In a GaAs PIN solar cell, we study how a varying absorber thickness and electron hole lifetime asymmetry affect this method, and we suggest a way to read the SRH lifetimes from graphs of simply processed experimental data. A method to find the SRH lifetime for any absorber thickness between 1–100 μm is proposed
Unveiling Hydrothermal Synthesis and Captivating Characteristics of Nickel Nanoferrites
Full text linkNickel nano ferrite was effectively synthesized utilizing the hydrothermal method, followed by a comprehensive analysis of its characteristics. X-ray Diffraction (XRD) analyses established the average crystallite size to be 34.10 nm. The existence of iron oxide and the formation of nano ferrites were confirmed by Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, which displays absorption peaks at 573 cm1 and 481 cm1 in. Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) displayed an average particle size of around 80 nm, while Ultraviolet-visible (UV-vis) spectroscopy determined a direct band gap energy of 1.5 eV. These results emphasize the extraordinary nanoscale and optical properties associated with the synthesized nickel nano ferrite, and can be used in the field of storage devices, catalysts for chemical processes & in semiconductor applications
Metaphysics of Communication
Full text linkThe Metaphysics of Communication explores the foundational principles of communication that extend beyond the transmission of information, delving into the nature, intention, and ontological significance of linguistic interactions. This paper presents a comparative analysis of various philosophical traditions, including Western thinkers such as Ludwig Wittgenstein, alongside Indian philosophical perspectives like Bhartrihari’s Sphoṭa theory and the Nyaya concept of śabda-pramāṇa. Central to this investigation is the question of whether language inherently communicates intention or functions through an underlying mechanism rooted in shared cultural practices and contexts. Wittgenstein’s notion of forms of life suggests that language gains meaning from its use within communal activities, where shared practices enable understanding. However, this shared understanding remains fluid, resisting confinement within fixed frameworks of reference. This insight challenges the assumption that intention is a stable and fully transmittable entity. In contrast, Bhartrhari’s Sphoṭa theory posits an indivisible unity of sound and meaning, emphasizing an intuitive grasp of the speaker’s intention. By juxtaposing these perspectives, the analysis examines the ontological and epistemological dimensions of communication, highlighting how diverse intellectual traditions address the questions of intention, meaning, and the limitations of linguistic representation. This study ultimately argues that communication is not merely a mechanical transfer of ideas but a dynamic interplay of intention, context, and shared existence, revealing the profound connection between language and human experience
Global Perspectives on Fair Use and AI Training Data
Full text linkThe increasing adoption of artificial intelligence (AI) has recently posed important questions regarding the propriety of copyrighted data in training datasets. Under fair use and similar exceptions and limitations as legal doctrines, it is important to evaluate the permissions for such usage. Despite this, its meaning and implementation differ greatly from one jurisdiction to another, raising legal ambiguity when developers engage in AI businesses across geographical borders. The article addresses a pressing issue. It offers a comparative examination of fair use and analogous doctrines in the United States, the European Union, and emerging markets, set against a rapidly evolving legal landscape. Recent landmark litigation in the United States involving AI developers, alongside the adoption of the EU AI Act, has brought renewed urgency and clarity to debates on the lawful use of copyrighted material in the context of AI development. This study intends to show how these frameworks can be used to explain questions concerning copyright, transformative use, and public benefit. Finally, this study examines regulatory trends and concerns about AI from a legal and policy perspective, assesses the alignment and misalignment of regulatory frameworks, and explores the challenges and possible solutions