The Cancer Press (E-Journal, Nastaran Center for Cancer Prevention - NCCP)
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Evaluation of the efficacy of Niosomal Curcumin Nanoformulation in Cancer therapy
Get PDFDuring the past decade vesicles as a tool to improve drug delivery, has created a lot of interest amongst the scientist working in the area of drug delivery systems. Based on their biodegradable, biocompatible and nonimmunogenic structure, niosomes are promising drug carriers that are formed by self-assembly of nonionic surfactants and cholesterol in an aqueous phase. Curcumin (Cur), a natural polyphenol found in Curcuma longa, has been utilized in multiple medicinal areas from antibiotic to antitumor treatment. However, the chemical structure of curcumin results in poor stability, low solubility and rapid degradation in vivo, limiting its clinical utilization. To address these problems, we have prepared a niosome system composed of nonionic surfactants polyoxyethylene sorbitan monostearate and cholesterol by thin film hydration method. The niosomal curcumin was evaluated for anti-cancer efficacy in prostate cancer cell line (PC-3) by MTT assay. Cur was encapsulated in the niosomes with a high entrapment efficiency of 98.4 ± 0.4%. Average particle size was found to be 127.5 ± 1.2 nm. Niosomal curcumin (Nio -Cur) exhibited enhanced cytotoxic activity against PC-3 cells compared with free Cur. These results demonstrated that the Nio -Cur system is a promising strategy for the delivery of Cur and prostate cancer therapy.
Anti- Cancer Activity of Thymoquinone in Gasterointestinal Tract: A Comprehensive Review
Get PDFGastrointestinal (GI) cancers are known as malignant condition of the GI system associated with the organs which have role in digestion. More cancers and more deaths from cancer are related to the cancers occurred in this system. Nigella sativa(N. sativa) seeds which are traditionally used as a food additive, preservative or a spice in many cultures, has been considered for treatment of various diseases. Thymoquinone (TQ) is the main bioactive component of the volatile oil of N. sativa seeds. Therapeutic effects of TQ for treatment of various diseases such as cancers, in both in vivo and in vitro conditions, have recently been interested. In this comprehensive review, we summarized the new studies related to anti- cancer activity of TQ associated with its possible mechanisms in GI cancers including oral cancer, esoghageal cancer, gastric cancer, colorectal cancer and also liver and pancreatic cancers. It is concluded that TQ could be considered as an anticancer agent alone or in combination with chemotherapeutic drugs in treatment of GI tract cancers, however well designed clinical trials in humans are required to confirm these effects
A Review of Medicinal Plants Effective in the Treatment or Apoptosis of Cancer Cells
Get PDFMedicinal herbs in various fields of medicine, industry, food and agriculture applications. In the field of medicine and therapy for the treatment of cancer researchers hope many medicinal plants. Plants, herbs, and ethnobotanicals have been used since the early days of humankind and are still used throughout the world for health promotion and treatment of disease. Plants and natural sources form the basis of today’s modern medicine and contribute largely to the commercial drug preparations manufactured today. About 25% of drugs prescribed worldwide are derived from plants. Still, herbs, rather than drugs, are often used in health care. For some, herbal medicine is their preferred method of treatment. Today, natural antioxidants are the focus of considerable attention and efforts are ongoing for the replacement of synthetic ones. In addition, these natural antioxidants can be formulated as functional foods and can help prevent oxidative damage from occurring in the body. Due to the side effects of drugs and chemicals in countries around the world, including developed countries are thinking about changing pattern of drug use of chemical plant. Some active drug substances which are very important in the pharmaceutical industry, is impossible to artificially produce only natural as Astkhrajand plants. Although synthetic medicines to improve patients more quickly and has an adverse effect on the human body Mshkhsand but most of them can have side effects. In this study, we report and review of some medicinal plants effective in the treatment of cancer or other diseases discussed.
Therapeutic Effect of Antioxidants on Prevention and Treatment of Cancer
Get PDFAntioxidant is a molecule that has the ability to slow down or prevent oxidation of the other molecules. Oxidation is a chemical reaction that transmits electrons from a substance to an oxidizing materials. These reactions produce free radicals that initiate a series of damaging reactions to cells. In fact, antioxidants end up this chain of reactions by taking away the intermediate free radicals. On the other hand, they control other oxidative reactions by oxidizing themselves.Antioxidants include several groups such as vitamin C, vitamin E, carotenoids, ubiquinone, bio-flavone, lipoic acid, cartonene. Among these groups vitamin C, vitamin E and beta-carotene are known as the main antioxidants. Selenium, the mineral, plays an important role as an antioxidant. Vitamin C reduces nitrosamine which is carcinogen. Studies have shown that taking lycopene through continuous consumption of tomato prevents prostate cancer in men. This combination places in carotenoids group and it is found abundantly in tomato.Generally, antioxidants eliminate carcinogenic substances which generate in the body and it also reduces the proliferation of cancer cells
The effect of Wharton's jelly mesenchymal stem cells in colorectal cancer
Get PDFMesenchymal Stem Cells (MSCs) are self-renewing multipotent cells that can be isolated from various organs including Wharton’s jelly of umbilical cord (WJMSCs). WJMSCs play a fundamental role in field of regenerative medicine and hold therapeutic potential for various diseases including gene therapy of different cancers. WJMSCs were evaluated for their potential behavior in cancer conditions by culturing them in the plasma obtained from colorectal cancer patients. The cancer plasma was tested LDH release, paracrine factors (p53, p38, BAX and BCl2) and oxidative stress. Cell viability, death and proliferation was assessed by crystal violet staining, LDH release and MTT assay respectively. Assessment of cancer plasma expressed high LDH release, low expression of pro-apoptotic gene BAX, high expression of survival gene BCl2 p38 kinase and tumor suppressor gene p53. In oxidative stress, GSH and SOD were increased in CRC. In CAT, it was highly expressed in CRC. Furthermore, increased level of MDA was expressed in cancers’ plasma. It was observed that cells cultured in plasma of cancer demonstrate less viability, low proliferation rate, high LDH release, low expression of BAX and p38 kinase, whereas, high expression of BCL2 and p53. In oxidative stress, low GSH, SOD, CAT and high MDA was observed in CRC. When WJMSCs cultured in plasma from colorectal cancer patients these cells show reduced viability, proliferation and increased apoptosis. For the future, certain measures should be taken to improve viability of WJMSCs in cancer conditions.
Immunotherapy: New rise in cancer treatment
No full textCancer immunotherapy is currently the hottest topic in the oncology field, under certain circumstances & depending on the initiating stimulus, cancer cell death can be immunogenic or nonimmunogenic. Immunogenic cell death (ICD) involves changes in the composition of the cell surface. Moreover the release of soluble mediators, occurring in a defined temporal sequence. At the molecular level, the immunogenic characteristics of ICD are mainly mediated by damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs), which various intracellular molecules like calreticulin (CRT), heat-shock proteins (HSPs), secreted ATP and high mobility group protein B1(HMGB1), have been shown to be DAMPs exposed/secreted in a stress agent/factor-and cell death-specific manner. These discoveries have motivated further research into discovery of new DAMPs, new pathways for their exposure/secretion, search for new agents capable of inducing immunogenic cell death and urge to solve currently present problems with this paradigm. We anticipate that this emerging amalgamation of DAMPs, immunogenic cell death and anticancer therapeutics may be the key towards squelching cancer-related mortalities, in near future. One promising strategy to induce priming of tumor-specific T cells is dendritic cell (DC)-based immunotherapy. Therefore, they are the most frequently used cellular adjuvant in clinical trials. Since the publication of the first DC vaccination trial in melanoma patients in 1995, the promise of DC immunotherapy is underlined by numerous clinical trials, frequently showing survival benefit in comparison to non-DC control groups. We review some of the latest developments in the DC vaccination field, with a special emphasis on strategies that are applied to obtain a highly immunogenic tumor cell cargo to load and to activate the DCs. To this end, we discuss the effects of immunogenic treatment modalities and potent inducers of immunogenic cell death on DC biology and their application in DC-based immunotherapy in preclinical as well as clinical settings. We therefore anticipate that the comprehension of the mechanisms governing the immunogenicity of cell death will have a profound impact on the design of anticancer therapies and the failure of the majority of therapeutic cancer vaccines tested to date is a reflection of the fact that the design of most of these vaccines preceded a mature understanding of the interaction between developing tumors and the immune system
Hyperthermia: A Neoadjuvant Therapeutic Approach in Cancer Treatment
Get PDFHyperthermia refers to elevation tumor temperature from 39 up to 43 degree Celsius. Actually Therapeutic Hyperthermia has been used as an adjuvant treatment for cancer, since end of the 19th century after observations William Coley who found that tumor is diminished after induction of fever by bacterial toxins. Hyperthermia therapy refers to treatment tumors through heating which has been used since the time of the ancient Egyptians. The term ‘Hyperthermia’ in oncology means treatment of malignant disease by heating in different ways. Hyperthermia is usually applied as an adjuvant therapy method in combination with other modalities such as Radiotherapy or Chemotherapy in cancer treatment. Typically there are three categories for Hyperthermia, including local, regional and whole body. Based on the temperature Whole body hyperthermia classify in 3 type, mild, fever range and extreme. In Mild hyperthermia, the temperature is from 37.5 up to 38.5 degree Celsius, in fever range hyperthermia, 38.5 up to 40 degree Celsius, and extreme hyperthermia, the temperature above 40 degree Celsius. Now Days Whole body hyperthermia known as immunotherapy related to cancer treatment in oncology. Here we will review whole body hyperthermia related to cancer treatment.
Anticancer effects of Ferula assafoetida and its main components
Get PDFIn the folk medicine, numerous plants have been used for treatment of various disorders. Natural products play a critical role in prevention and therapy of several diseases. Ferula assafoetida (F. assafoetida), was used traditionally for dietary, food preservative, additive, spice and various medicinal purposes. The aim of this study was to consider the anticancer effects of F. assafoetida and main component on different studies. The databases such as, PubMed, Web of Science, Google Scholar, Scopus, and IranMedex were considered for searching of keywords. anticancer effects of F. assafoetida and its components including; improved the antioxidant level and reversed remarkably the induced ornithine decarboxylase activity and DNA synthesis, inhibition of VEGF-induced proliferation, VEGF-induced angiogenesis, reduced CD34 microvessel density index and Ki-67 proliferative index, inhibition of androgen receptor abundance and signaling and anti-proliferative actions on the cancer cells
Classification of proteins expression in some popular cancers for protein biomarkers identification
Get PDFRecognition of the source and stage of cancer has always been one of the Issues of interest to scientists. On the other hand, cancer is the second leading cause of death worldwide after cardiovascular disease. According to the Global Burden of Disease Cancer Report In 2015, there were 17.5 million cancer cases worldwide and over 8.7 million cancer deaths. Based on the same report, breast cancer, TBL (tracheal, bronchus, and lung) cancer and colorectal cancer were the most common incidents. From another perspective, one of the requirements for the treatment of different cancers is early diagnosis in the early stages. With the end of the human genome project, molecular medicine moved to a step beyond the genome called "proteomics". Proteomic ideas play an important role in discovering cancer biomarkers for early diagnosis of disease, prediction and prognosis, identifying new drug goals, monitoring the effectiveness of treatment and personal therapy. Nowadays with new developments in mass spectrometry and bioinformatics, new biomarkers can be identified for different cancers. To analyze a cancer, identifying only one biomarker does not provide enough information for that cancer, but paying attention to changes in the level of expression of various proteins is valuable. In this paper, effective proteins for breast, lung and colorectal cancers, have been identified and classified. Biomarkers sparse in different articles are combined using Text Mining and reviewing articles that introduced a cancer biomarker. In fact, by examining changes in the expression of proteins in the cancerous tissue and considering their significant changes, they are referred to as cancer marker candidates for early diagnosis or even prediction of future illness. This research offers text mining algorithms to collect cancer biomarker's
Gene Therapy in Breast Cancer
No full textDefinitely, gene therapy is considered as a great and fundamental change and evolution in the treatment of many genetic diseases (1). In cancer Gene therapy, especially in breast cancer, have had a tremendous and increasing growth and development and has seriously shifted from the theoretical range of works to the practical and clinical field (2). Some of the methods that are currently used to treat breast cancer, including Chemotherapy (3), Radiation Therapy (4), Surgery, Hormone Therapy (5), and Laser Therapy; however, these methods have some side effects for the patients. But there are some modern molecular methods, which are used in gene therapy (6). These methods are including Oncolytic Viruses, Suicide Gene, Anti-angiogenesis (7), Tumor Suppressor Genes, Immunotherapy (8), and Antisense Targeting that are considered to be utilized for the treatment of breast cancer, which is the most common cancer type observed among women (9,10).Utilizing suitable viral and non-viral carriers, by selection and design of suitable carriers, the target gene can be selectively introduced into the cells or a specific gene can be made off of the cells; the work which has a very effective role in the treatment process. Results Gene therapy is very useful not only in the field of complete treatment for cancer, but also in the exact and early diagnosis, and moreover in the prognosis of cancer diseases.Gene therapy has made a great evolution to the future of treatment process, and especially of cancer treatment and is an important step towards Personalized Medicine. However, many questions have been remained unanswered in this context (10)