The Cancer Press (E-Journal, Nastaran Center for Cancer Prevention - NCCP)
Not a member yet
59 research outputs found
Sort by
How to break bad news?: Systematic Review
Get PDFPurpose: We conducted a systematic review of studies that focus on existing protocols for oncologists and other physicians who are in touch with cancer patients.Method:We searched all internationally published articles on the introduction of a protocol as the guideline. To this purpose, we did a thorough search of Pubmed and Cochrane Collaboration Library databases and reviewed all articles from 2010 to 2017.Results:We introduced 7 papers from 7 countries and evaluated their proposed protocols. A primary protocol called SPIKES had been discussed in most studies. This protocol emphasized the six steps of setting, perception, invitation, knowledge, empathy and summary.Conclusion: BBN is a balanced action that requires oncologists and other specialists to consistently adapt to its different criteria. Developing the ability to personalize and adapt to therapeutic treatment with respect to communications can be a major step forward in the training and exercises that physicians receive in connection to communication skills
Trefoil Factor Family in Pre-neoplastic Lesions and Gastric Cancer
Get PDFGastric cancer is the fourth most common cancer and the second leading cause of cancer death worldwide. Although the global incidence of gastric cancer has been decreased dramatically in recent decades, north and northwest of Iran have the highest incidence rate of gastric cancer. Whilst the surgical procedures for gastric cancer have been improved, there is no cure for that. The intestinal type of GC results from pre-neoplastic conditions including atrophic gastritis, intestinal metaplasia and dysplasia. Trefoil Factors Family proteins (TFFs) are small and stable molecules secreted by the mammalian gastrointestinal tract. TFFs constitute a family of three peptides (TFF1, TFF2and TFF3) that are widely expressed in a tissue specific manner in the gastrointestinal tract. Variable TFFs expression in gastric cancer and pre-neoplastic lesions has been found. TFF1 has a tumor suppressor activity and inhibits tumorogenesis in gastric cancer. Its expression decreases in gastritis, gastric atrophy, dysplasia, intestinal metaplasia and gastric cancer.TFF2 has a protective effect on gastrointestinal epithelium. As a prognostic factor, TFF2 expression decreases in gastric ulcer, chronic atrophic gastritis and gastric cancer. TFF3 is considered as an oncogenic factor in gastric tissues. Whilst the normal gastric tissues don’t express TFF3, it increases in intestinal metaplasia. Therefore, more studies are necessary to clarify the role of TFFs in GC and pre-neoplastic conditions. This review has focused on elucidating the important role of TFFs in gastric cancer and pre-neoplastic lesions
Colon Cancer in Misan: Past, Present and Future
Get PDFBackground: Colon carcinoma is commonest cancer of GIT. It is represent third cancer in man worldwide beyond lung and prostate cancers. It is fourth cancer in woman beyond breast, lung and uterus cancers. Deaths from colon cancer is more in compare with other GIT cancers. The study aimed to determine epidemiological and clinical data of colon cancer in Misan province.Methods: Our study conducted in Misan province, Iraq. The data were collected from 2013 to 2016. Seventy one patients that found have colon cancer. An epidemiological, clinical and descriptive study perform which included frequency of gender, age, residency, site of cancer, family history, past history, year of onset, smoking history, alcohol intake, presentation of cancer at time of diagnosis, staging and histopathology pattern in relation to colon cancer.Results: Overall prevalence of colon carcinoma is 3.75%. The most age group affected was 51-60 years as 30.99%. The gender and residency of patients have no effect on cancer percent. Obesity, Family history, cigarette smoking and alcohol consumption represented risk factors for colon cancer. In 42.25% of patients had family history of cancer. Most common site of colon carcinoma was left colon, which present in 61.97%. Conclusion: There was slight increase in new cases detection of colon carcinoma from 2013 to 2016. Advanced stages of colon cancer were most common stages description as stage IIIA, IIIB, IIIC and stage IV in 12.67%, 16.90%, 19.72% and 15.49% respectively. The common histopathological pattern of colon cancer was moderately differentiated adenocarcinoma as 53.52%
MicroRNAs in Breast Cancer: A Review
Get PDFMicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a class of small noncoding RNAs that control gene expression by targeting mRNAs and leading to either translation repression or RNA degradation. Their aberrant expression may be involved in human diseases, including cancer. Breast cancer is the most common cancer among females around the world that is the most prevalent cause of death among females suffering from cancer. Many studies have identified a large number of upregulated oncogenic miRNAs and downregulated tumor-suppressor miRNAs in this type of cancer. In this review, we provide an overview of the biogenesis and role of miRNAs in cancer and summarize the most recent studies focusing on distinctive expression of miRNAs and their potential to be useful as diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers in breast cancer
Psychosocial/ Spiritual Interventions for Mental Health in Patients with Cancer: A Review
Get PDFCancer is one of the most important health problems in the world. Patients with cancer are faced with various psychological problems which need to serious attention. Beside pharmacological interventions such as chemotherapy and radiotherapy, psychosocial/ spiritual interventions for these patients should be considered by healthcare providers. The aim of this study was to determine psychosocial/ spiritual interventions for mental health in patients with cancer. In this review study, electronic databases including public electronic database like Google Scholar, Persian databases including Magiran, Scientific Information Databases (SID) and English specifically databases such as PubMed, Web of Sciences, ProQuest, Science Direct and Scopus were searched. Those articles published between 1983 and 2017 were retrieved and undergone abstract and full-text appraisal. Lastly 61 articles were selected and used to write this study’s results. The psychosocial/ spiritual interventions for mental health in cancer were classified as follow: psychological interventions (such as supportive therapy, counseling with meaning therapy approach, cognitive behavioral therapy, coping styles improvement, progressive muscular relaxation, music therapy, yoga and meditation), social interventions (family and social support) and spirituality interventions (religion therapy, hope therapy),. Reviewing studies results showed that these interventions were the most effective strategies in promotion of mental health. Given the important role of mental health in quality of life of patients with cancer, attention to mental status of these patients as an important part of their treatment process is required.
Extra-osseous osteochondroma: case Report
Get PDFOsteochondroma (OC) is one of the most common benign neoplasms which usually develops in long bones (arise from the metaphyseal ends of long bones) and very rarely occurs in craniofacial region.An osteochondral neoplasm of the soft tissue, an uncommon lesion of uncertain pathogenesis, usually arises from the synovial tissue in joints and tendon sheaths. Rarely, extra-skeletal OCs also arise outside of synovial compartments. Since the etiology of OC remains controversial the diagnosis of extra-skeletal OC should be considered when a discrete ossified mass is localized in the soft tissue. Here A case of pathologically proven Para-articular soft tissue Osteochondroma is presented together with clinical and radiologic findings. The unique feature of this case is that it's a rare subtype of soft tissue chondromas occurring in and around the joints
Investigating the role of probiotics in coping with cancer and health in society
Get PDFProbiotics are alive microorganisms which have useful effects on health of host by balancing its intestinalmicro flora. Nowadays probiotics are known as a factor for prevention from infectious disease and cancer. Anticancer properties of probiotics exert with the toxify of materials that cause genetic damages. The aim of this study issystematic review on studies in checking positive effects of probiotics on health and their relationship with cancer. Related articles were searched in English at Springer, Science Direct, Google Scholar, clinical trials and systematic review literatures that have assessed effects of probiotics at prevention and treatment of cancer, enrolled in this study. There was a wide variation among studies in imaging parameters, type of used probiotics, hosttype and test conditions. The results imply that probiotic bacteria and yeasts can eliminate toxicity of carcinogens and induce cancer cell death in vitro. Also consumption of probiotics caused reduces cancer risk, stimulation of immune system and struggle to carcinogens. Despite acceptable evidence about their anti cancer properties, studies in humans are still limited. Therefore, there is a need to plan for detailed clinical studies in human in such a way obtained information can be used to treat
IsomiRs: A New Approach to Cancer Study
Get PDFmicroRNAs are regulatory non-coding RNA molecules that containing about 18-24 nucleotides which involved in critical steps of many cellular processes, specifically gene expression, therefore, their deregulation can lead to human tumorigenesis. some kinds of variants of microRNAs are isomiRs that their length or sequence varies from miRNAs and they commonly araised from diverse cleavage by the ribonucleases Drosha and Dicer. Recent reports confirm that some of isomiRs may be yielded from a miRNA locus, and these physiological mature isomers have important roles in miRNA evolution. In this research, we reviewed new field of miRNAs structural /sequence diversity that can be involved in cancer biology. Also describe the evolutionary approaches and the functional significance of the miRNAs isoforms; however, there are lots of isomiR/miRNA molecular mechanisms that remain unclear. More studies to reveal more insights of functionality isomiRs into the carcinogenesis will provide informative strategies to be used in prognosis, diagnosis or treatment
A novel Paclitaxel loaded Noisome: Preparation, Characterization and Cytotoxicity Assessment against human prostate cancer
Get PDFProstate cancer (PCa) is one of the most common cancers and the second leading cause of cancer death in men. Regarding that prostate cancer is the most common form of cancer in men and is the second leading cause of cancer mortality, paclitaxel, as a chemotherapeutic agent with a wide spectrum of antitumor activity, could be utilized in treatment of this malignancy. Paclitaxel side effects are severe hypersensitivity reactions, neurotoxicity, and nephrotoxicity. Today’s decline of side effects and increase in efficacy of chemotherapeutic agents by applying nanotechnology in medicine is the target of scientists. Niosomes or nonionic surfactant vesicles are nano vehicles utilized in drug delivery systems. Niosomes are prepared by various methods. Our present work investigated the efficiency of encapsulation of paclitaxel in noisome (Nio-PTX) as a novel vesicular drug delivery system and cytotoxic effects on PC-3 prostate cancer cell line. In this study, paclitaxel loaded niosome was prepared by thin film hydration method. The characterization tests that included dynamic light scattering (DLS) and UV-Vis spectrophotometry were employed to evaluate the quality of the nanocarriers. Percent of encapsulation paclitaxel prepared with sorbitane monostearate and cholesterol was 99.4%. In addition, the polydispersity index, mean size diameter and zeta potentials of niosomal paclitaxel nanoparticles were found to be 0.203 ± 0.012, 119.7 ± 2.5 nm and -4 ± 0.34, respectively. Cytotoxicity of niosomal paclitaxel nanoparticles and free paclitaxel on human prostate cancer cell line PC-3 after 24 hours were studied by MTT assay to determine cell viability. The results demonstrated that a 1.5∼fold reduction in paclitaxel concentration was measured when the paclitaxel administered in nanoniosome compared to free paclitaxel solution in PC3 human prostate cancer cell line. As a result, the nanoparticle-based formulation of paclitaxel has high potential as an adjuvant therapy for clinical usage in human prostate cancer therapy
MicroRNA and Cancer Treatment: A Commentary
Get PDFMiRNAs play an important role as oncogenes and tumor suppressors in induction and suppression of tumor effects. Also in different stages of cancer therapy. High and low expression of some miRNAs could be used as factors for prognosis patients drug resistant. Regulation of these miRNA perform by some other miRNA that can suppression or active the translation of downstream miRNA, Therefore, miRNAs play important role in the individual treatments and classification of miRNA in diagnosis and prognosis is highly valuable, also we could consider miRNA as a setting key for switching and off of genes