Aktuální otázky sociální politiky - teorie a praxe (E-Journal)
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Prideľovaná ošetrovateľská starostlivosť vo vybraných nemocniciach na Slovensku
No full textVýchodiská: Prideľovanie ošetrovateľskej starostlivosti je definované ako nezabezpečenie všetkých nevyhnutných ošetrovateľských činností z dôvodu nedostatku zdrojov (personálnych, časových, materiálnych). Sestry sú nútené obmedzovať, minimalizovať alebo vynechať niektoré ošetrovateľské činnosti, čím zvyšujú riziko negatívnych výsledkov u pacientov.
Cieľ: Zistiť úroveň prevalencie prideľovanej ošetrovateľskej starostlivosti vo vybraných zdravotníckych zariadeniach na Slovensku.
Súbor a metodika: Výskumnú vzorku tvorilo 94 sestier z nemocníc v Kežmarku, v Levoči a v Poprade. Zber údajov bol realizovaný prostredníctvom dotazníka PIRNCA (Perceived Implicit Rationing of Nursing Care). Na vyhodnotenie empirickej časti bola použitá deskriptívna a induktívna štatistika.
Výsledky: Najvyššie skóre v rámci jednotlivých položiek dotazníka PIRNCA dosiahli sestry v položke Nemohol/a som viesť dôležitý rozhovor s ďalším členom multidisciplinárneho tímu ohľadom starostlivosti pacienta. Naopak najnižšie skóre dosiahli v položke Nemohol/a ste vykonať bežnú starostlivosť o kožu pacientov a v položke Nemohol/la ste vykonať ošetrenie rany (vrátane preväzu) podľa predpisu lekára/štandardu oddelenia. V našej štúdii sme potvrdili štatisticky významné rozdiely medzi prideľovanou starostlivosťou a pracovným zaradením sestier a štatisticky významný vzťah medzi prideľovanou starostlivosťou a celkovou spokojnosťou sestier.
Záver: Najčastejšie vyskytujúcimi sa faktormi, ktoré prispievajú ku vzniku prideľovanej ošetrovateľskej starostlivosti je nedostatok sestier a pomocného personálu, neefektívne delegovanie úloh starostlivosti a zvyšujúca sa pracovná záťaž, čím dochádza k výskytu fenoménu implicitne prideľovanej starostlivosti. Je potrebné venovať viac pozornosti tomuto fenoménu a preskúmať stav kvality a bezpečnosti poskytovanej zdravotnej starostlivosti, aby sa vyvinuli účinné opatrenia na riešenie tohto problému.Background: Rationing of nursing care is defined as failure to provide all necessary nursing activities due to lack of resources (personnel, time, material). Nurses are forced to limit, minimize or omit some nursing activities, thus increasing the risk of negative outcomes in patients.
Aim: To determine the level of prevalence of allocated nursing care in selected health care facilities in Slovakia.
Sample and methodology: The research sample consisted of 94 nurses from hospitals in Kežmarok, Levoča and Poprad. Data collection was performed using the PIRNCA (Perceived Implicit Rationing of Nursing Care) questionnaire. Descriptive and inductive statistics were used to evaluate the empirical part.
Results: The highest scores within the individual items of the PIRNCA questionnaire were achieved by the nurses in the item I could not have an important interview with another member of the multidisciplinary team regarding patient care. In contrast, the lowest scores were achieved in the Cannot Perform Routine Patient Skin Care item and in the Could Not Perform Wound Treatment (including dressing) as prescribed by a physician / ward standard. In our study, we confirmed statistically significant differences between the care provided and the job classification of nurses and a statistically significant relationship between the care provided and the overall satisfaction of nurses.
Conclusion: The most common factors that contribute to the emergence of nursing care are the lack of nurses and support staff, inefficient delegation of care tasks and increasing workload, leading to the phenomenon of implicitly assigned care. More attention needs to be paid to this phenomenon and the state of quality and safety of healthcare provided needs to be examined in order to develop effective measures to address this problem.
Východiská: Prideľovanie ošetrovateľskej starostlivosti je definované ako nezabezpečenie všetkých nevyhnutných ošetrovateľských činností z dôvodu nedostatku zdrojov (personálnych, časových, materiálnych). Sestry sú nútené obmedzovať, minimalizovať alebo vynechať niektoré ošetrovateľské činnosti, čím zvyšujú riziko negatívnych výsledkov u pacientov.
Cieľ: Zistiť úroveň prevalencie prideľovanej ošetrovateľskej starostlivosti vo vybraných zdravotníckych zariadeniach na Slovensku.
Súbor a metodika: Výskumnú vzorku tvorilo 94 sestier z nemocníc v Kežmarku, v Levoči a v Poprade. Zber údajov bol realizovaný prostredníctvom dotazníka PIRNCA (Perceived Implicit Rationing of Nursing Care). Na vyhodnotenie empirickej časti bola použitá deskriptívna a induktívna štatistika.
Výsledky: Najvyššie skóre v rámci jednotlivých položiek dotazníka PIRNCA dosiahli sestry v položke Nemohol/a som viesť dôležitý rozhovor s ďalším členom multidisciplinárneho tímu ohľadom starostlivosti pacienta. Naopak najnižšie skóre dosiahli v položke Nemohol/a ste vykonať bežnú starostlivosť o kožu pacientov a v položke Nemohol/la ste vykonať ošetrenie rany (vrátane preväzu) podľa predpisu lekára/štandardu oddelenia. V našej štúdii sme potvrdili štatisticky významné rozdiely medzi prideľovanou starostlivosťou a pracovným zaradením sestier a štatisticky významný vzťah medzi prideľovanou starostlivosťou a celkovou spokojnosťou sestier.
Záver: Najčastejšie vyskytujúcimi sa faktormi, ktoré prispievajú ku vzniku prideľovanej ošetrovateľskej starostlivosti je nedostatok sestier a pomocného personálu, neefektívne delegovanie úloh starostlivosti a zvyšujúca sa pracovná záťaž, čím dochádza k výskytu fenoménu implicitne prideľovanej starostlivosti. Je potrebné venovať viac pozornosti tomuto fenoménu a preskúmať stav kvality a bezpečnosti poskytovanej zdravotnej starostlivosti, aby sa vyvinuli účinné opatrenia na riešenie tohto problému
An Informal Approach to Interest-based Negotiations – Paul Anton Esterhazy and the “Cottage Coterie”
No full textPaul Anton Esterhazy was a prominent figure of the Hungarian aristocracy and a leading AustroHungarian politician, as well as a highly qualified and internationally recognised diplomat, with an extensive network of personal relations within the British elite. Esterhazy was an ambassador of Austria to London from 1815 to 1842 and represented the interests of the Central European state. In the mid-1820s he was a member of the so-called “Cottage Coterie”, a group created by King George IV and inspired by the aim of counterbalancing the political influence of the new secretary of the Foreign Office, George Canning. The meetings of the group were political and social events as well. Esterhazy was connected with close (family and political) ties to George IV, and thus he was a well trusted person in the royal court. My paper focuses on the activity and role of Esterhazy within the Cottage Coterie
Ivo CERMAN – Michal KONEČNÝ, Tváře osvícenství, Kroměříž, Národní památkový ústav, územní památková správa v Kroměříži 2021, 288 s. ISBN 978-80-907400-8-2.
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METHODOLOGY OF THE STATUS ASSESSMENT OF AIR NETWORK
No full textThe air transport network is one of the most important and critical infrastructures in today\u27s global economy. Air transport would not be able to operate without the air network. This fact significantly contributed to interest in a closer study of the issue of air network status assessment. The aim of this article is to evaluate the European air network by identifying and evaluating major European airports based on scheduled flights. Robustness of this air network was determined with regard to its evaluation. According to research, a suitable methodology was chosen which is describing the organization of data, specification of the research area and selection of method. Civil international airports which are located in European countries recognized by their entire size and handled at least 1 million passengers in 2018, were chosen as the basis for the creation of the European air network model and following evaluation. For these airports, individual scheduled flights were searched including their frequency during the selected period on 11-17 November 2019. The method of centrality used in the field of graph theory was chosen to evaluate the air network of these selected airports with regard to their connectivity. The obtained results identified the most important airports of the European air network and thus represent status assessment of air network during the winter flight schedule 2019/2020. These results were used to monitor the robustness of the European air network as a whole. The robustness of the air network was monitored based on a simulation of the sequent closure of the most important airports in the network with regard to the change of average path length and the size of the giant component. The European air network becomes inoperable when 19-20% of the best evaluated airports in the network are closed.The air transport network is one of the most important and critical infrastructures in today\u27s global economy. Air transport would not be able to operate without the air network. This fact significantly contributed to interest in a closer study of the issue of air network status assessment. The aim of this article is to evaluate the European air network by identifying and evaluating major European airports based on scheduled flights. Robustness of this air network was determined with regard to its evaluation. According to research, a suitable methodology was chosen which is describing the organization of data, specification of the research area and selection of method. Civil international airports which are located in European countries recognized by their entire size and handled at least 1 million passengers in 2018, were chosen as the basis for the creation of the European air network model and following evaluation. For these airports, individual scheduled flights were searched including their frequency during the selected period on 11-17 November 2019. The method of centrality used in the field of graph theory was chosen to evaluate the air network of these selected airports with regard to their connectivity. The obtained results identified the most important airports of the European air network and thus represent status assessment of air network during the winter flight schedule 2019/2020. These results were used to monitor the robustness of the European air network as a whole. The robustness of the air network was monitored based on a simulation of the sequent closure of the most important airports in the network with regard to the change of average path length and the size of the giant component. The European air network becomes inoperable when 19-20% of the best evaluated airports in the network are closed
AN OVERVIEW OF TEST INFRASTRUCTURE INVESTMENTS ON OPEN ROADS TO TEST CONNECTED AND AUTOMATED VEHICLES
No full textOpen road testing is an essential stage of the process of approving driver assistance and other self-driving functions. However several countries have opened their network with or without limitations for autonomous vehicle testing, there are some sections where the infrastructure was designed to support testing. The aim of this article is to give an overview of such open road testing facilities around the world, introducing the main purposes, the used infrastructure (eg. sensor network, communication) and features (eg. data processing, and control functions), and compare them to the planned investments in Hungary
MEASURING PERFORMANCE DURING A FALLBACK PROCEDURE IN AUTONOMOUS VEHICLES
No full textThe aim of this paper was to assess the functionality of an experiment that was developed for the DRILL project. The experiment used a computer program and a distracting task to measure a driver’s ability to take control of an autonomous vehicle (fallback performance). Switching theory and tachistoscopic traffic tests served as the foundation for this experiment. The experiment measured the subject\u27s reaction time and the correctness of the reaction. The final sample consisted of N = 48 participants, who were self-selected. The results of the statistical analyses suggest that the experiment does successfully induce and register the switching effect. It confirmed the linear relationship between the results of the experiment and the results of the ATAVT test. Further, it analyzed the reaction time on the item level (e. g. reaction times for an item level depending on its order, the effect of the correctness of the item´s response on the reaction time). However, the small size of the task-switching effect and the unresolved method of evaluation has not yet allowed us to draw a clear conclusion about the functionality of the experiment. Possibilities for improvements to the experiment design are also presented
INFLUENCE OF EDGE REINFORCING RING ROTATION ON LOAD CARRYING CAPACITY OF CONICAL SHELLS LOADED BY EXTERNAL PRESSURE
No full textThe aim of the article is to present a part of the problem of calculating the load carrying capacity of conical shells, which by their dimensions and selected boundary conditions do not comes under within the scope the standards. The investigated conical shells have a semi vertex angle in the range of 75 ° - 85 ° and are provided with a reinforcing ring at the lower edge. When the conical shells are loaded by external pressure, not only does the edge ring move in the radial direction, but also its rotation (the moment has the direction of the tangent to the edge of the cone). This paper addresses the question of how this rotation affects the overall load capacity of a conical shell. Due to the fact that the investigated shell structures cannot be solved using standard methods and procedures, this problem is solved by means of numerical analyzes and experiments. Based on the results of numerical analyzes of the load carrying capacity of conical shells with different boundary conditions, the suitability of using simplified numerical models and samples for performing experiments was verified
VPLYV PANDÉMIE COVID-19 NA VYUŽÍVANIE SLUŽIEB ŽELEZNIČNEJ DOPRAVY NA SLOVENSKU
No full textThis paper deals with the impact of measures introduced in the first half of 2020 on rail passenger transport in the Slovak Republic in order to slow down the spread of the virus during the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic. The paper contains a chronological list of measures introduced by carriers and infrastructure managers during the first wave of the pandemic in rail transport. The main objective of the paper is to investigate and analyze the drop in transport performance in each month of the first half of 2020 and the subsequent estimation of the impact of these changes on the passenger rail sector. The transport performance is then analyzed during three important transport sessions in the Slovak Republic, comparing the years 2018, 2019, and 2020.Uvedený príspevok sa zaoberá dopadom opatrení zavedených v prvom polroku 2020 na železničnú osobnú dopravu v Slovenskej republike za účelom spomalenia šírenia vírusu počas prvej vlny pandémie COVID-19. Príspevok obsahuje chronologický zoznam opatrení zavedených dopravcami a správcom infraštruktúry počas prvej vlny pandémie v železničnej doprave. Hlavným cieľom príspevku je skúmať a analyzovať prepad prepravných výkonov v jednotlivých mesiacoch prvého polroku 2020 a následný odhad vplyvu týchto zmien na sektor osobnej železničnej dopravy. Prepravné výkony sú následne analyzované na troch významných prepravných reláciách v Slovenskej republike, pričom sú porovnávané roky 2018, 2019 a 2020
THE EFFECT OF THE WORD „FREE“ ON DIFFERENT GENERATIONS
No full textV dopravě, spojích nebo jakékoli jiné oblasti lidé často činí rozhodnutí, která nejsou racionální. Jedním z vlivů, který to způsobuje, je nabídka něčeho zdarma. Tento článek se zaměřil na zkoumání tohoto vlivu mezi různými generacemi. Snahou bylo zjistit, jestli mladší generace reagují odlišným způsobem než generace starší. Významný rozdíl se neprokázal, při zkoumání tohoto problému se však ukázal (a potvrdil) jiný jev, a to vliv formulace nabídky se slovem „zdarma“ na rozhodování spotřebitelů.In transportation, communications, or any other field, people often make decisions that are not rational. One influence that causes this is to offer something for free. This article aimed to investigate this influence between different generations. The aim was to find out if the younger generations react in a different way from the older generations. A significant difference was not found. However, in researching this problem, another phenomenon was shown (and confirmed), namely the influence of the wording of the offer with the word free
The Dangers of Intimacy: The Importance of Metacognition in Junot Díaz’s “How to Date a Browngirl, Blackgirl, Whitegirl, or Halfie"
No full textThis paper proposes a pragmatic reading of Junot Díaz’s short story “How to Date a Browngirl, Blackgirl, Whitegirl, or Halfie” by making use of Cultural Quotient (CQ, a/k/a Cultural Intelligence) a new branch of academics that draws from the fields of linguistics, psychology, anthropology, and international business to make one more culturally aware. Additionally, the paper gives focus to CQ Strategy, the metacognitive step of the CQ process, and uses the cognitive psychological concept Theory of Mind (ToM) to explain how human consciousness has evolved to read and anticipate the mental states of others. Both CQ and ToM depend on metacognition in order to navigate from one cultural context to another. The article attempts to explain how metacognition enables Díaz’s Dominican protagonist, Yunior, to become culturally intelligent as well as anticipate the emotions of the various American girls he dates and hopes to seduce. Finally, the article will propose what learners of a second language can gain from reading works by Díaz, and thus other cross-cultural fictions, by using a pragmatic approach to literature