Aktuální otázky sociální politiky - teorie a praxe (E-Journal)
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Mezinárodní vědecká konference Gender and Sexuality in Christian History, Riga, 3.–5. června 2024.
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Roles of Siblings in Folktales
No full textThis article examines the portrayal of siblings and sibling relationships in folktales. It focuses on tales from collections with either British or American cultural backgrounds that include siblings as main or secondary characters. The methodology in this research is strongly inspired by the study of sibling relationships in young children’s literature conducted by Laurie Kramer, Sonia Noorman, and Renee Brockman in 1999. Folktales are analysed in terms of the birth order of main characters, their gender, and themes that characterise the relationships and behaviour of siblings. The structuralist framework of Vladimir Propp is employed to classify character functions, such as heroes, helpers, and villains, within the narratives. Furthermore, this article challenges, to some extent, certain traditional views regarding folktale characters, ultimately highlighting the importance of scholarly research into sibling dynamics in literature
Sixtus BOLOM-KOTARI a kol., Zrozeni z osvícenských reforem. Toleranční kazatelé z Uher v procesu formování české společnosti (1781–1870), Praha, Nakladatelství Lidové noviny 2023, 449 s. ISBN 978-80-7422- 897-1.
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Liquid Metaphor in Becoming Animal by David Abram: A Transmodern Perspective Entangled with Phenomenological Insights
No full textBecoming Animal (2010) by David Abram represents a significant contribution to eco-phenomenological literature. The work describes how, by focusing on the aspect of becoming animal, i.e., tuning our senses to the pulse of the Earth, we can become fully human. The main point of the present paper is to explore the figurative language so abundantly used by the author to determine how it can play a part in opening our senses and helping us to engage with extra-linguistic reality. One recurring theme in the work is interbeing and the fluidity among all participants, a premise which influenced the selection of transmodern concepts as one of my analytical approaches. My examination of figuration is supported by conceptual metaphor theory enriched by the embodied phenomenology of Maurice Merleau-Ponty and his descriptions of how the body plays a crucial role in the creation of metaphorical expressions. The exploration of imagery reveals that metaphor exhibits not only transmodern movement across signs and extra-linguistic reality but is liquid in itself, featuring the potential for free, spirited reversibility, as well as oscillation between metaphorical analogy and literal meaning
Social Rebellions in France in the 1630s in Historiography
No full textIn this article different rebellions against the policy of Cardinal Richelieu in the 1630s in France are presented. Each of them has been analysed in terms of its causes and participants. In addition, attention was paid to their connection with the Thirty Years’ War. The main focus was placed on Gaston d’Orléans’ revolt, the Cascaveoux Revolt, and the Revolt of the va-nu-pieds. The rebellions are presented as stages of the development of absolutism
Cardiovascular Risk in Patients Admitted to the Internal Department: a Cross-Sectional Study
No full textÚvod: Nomogram SCORE (Systematic Coronary Risk Evaluation system) je jedním z nejpoužívanějších skórovacích systémů pro českou populaci. Tento systém identifikuje možný vznik fatální kardiovaskulární příhody v následujících 10 letech či ve věku 60 let, tak je možné odhalit i asymptomatické mladé jedince v nízkém kardiovaskulárním riziku, ovšem s nezdravým životním stylem, který může v budoucnu zapříčinit vznik vysokého kardiovaskulárního rizika.
Cíl: Cílem studie bylo stanovit procentuální kardiovaskulární riziko u pacientů hospitalizovaných na interním oddělení (n = 64, 44 % žen; 56 % mužů), kteří byli hospitalizováni od 1. 4. – 1. 11. 2023.
Metodika: Vstupní kritéria pro zařazení do studie: hospitalizace od 1. 4. – 1. 11. 2023; podepsání písemného informovaného souhlasu; neprodělané kardiovaskulární onemocnění; nediagnostikovaný diabetes mellitus I. a II. typu či nediagnostikované renální selhání. Data byla získána osobním rozhovorem (věk, abúzus kouření), poté byl změřen systolický krevní tlak. Následně byla odebrána venózní krev, ze které se stanovila hladina celkového cholesterolu (mmol/l). Všechny tyto údaje byly následně porovnány s Nomogramem SCORE pro vysoce rizikové země.
Výsledky: Z výsledků vyplývá, že více jak 57 % respondentů bylo bez rizika vzniku fatální kardiovaskulární příhody, 18,8 % ve středním riziku a ve vysokém riziku 23,5 %.
Závěr: Průměrné riziko vzniku kardiovaskulární příhody v následujících 10 letech či ve věku 60 let se u většiny pacientů pohybovalo v nízkém intervalu (0-2 %), ovšem pro stanovení přesných rizikových faktorů je nutné pokračovat ve výzkumu a rozšířit vzorek pacientů.Introduction: The SCORE (Systematic Coronary Risk Evaluation system) is one of the most widely used scoring systems for the Czech population. This system identifies possible fatal cardiovascular events in the next 10 years or at the age of 60 years, therefore it is possible to detect asymptomatic young individuals at low cardiovascular risk but with an unhealthy lifestyle, which may shift to high cardiovascular risk.
Aim: The aim of the study was to determine the percentage of cardiovascular risk in patients admitted to an internal medicine ward (n = 64, 44% female; 56% male) from April 1 - November 1, 2023.
Methods: Inclusion criteria for inclusion in the study: hospitalization from April 1 - November 1, 2023; signed written informed consent; untreated cardiovascular disease; undiagnosed type I and II diabetes mellitus or undiagnosed renal failure. Data were obtained by personal interview (age, smoking abstinence), after which systolic blood pressure was measured. Subsequently, venous blood was drawn and total cholesterol (mmol/l) was determined. All these data were then compared with the SCORE nomogram for high-risk countries.
Results: The results showed that more than 57 % of the respondents were at no risk of fatal cardiovascular events, 18,8 % were at intermediate risk and 23,5 % were at high risk.
Conclusion: The average risk of developing a cardiovascular event in the next 10 years or at the age of 60 years was in the low range (0-2 %) for most patients, but further research and a larger sample of patients are needed to determine the exact risk factor
Jana KONVIČNÁ – Martina MAŘÍKOVÁ (eds.), První v obci. Purkmistři, starostové a primátoři města Prahy 1784–1989, Documenta Pragensia Monographia, vol. 43, Praha, Archiv hlavního města Prahy a Masarykův ústav a Archiv AV ČR, v. v. i. 2023, 521 s. ISBN 978-
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Dagmar MOCNÁ, Případ Šembera, Brno, Moravská zemská knihovna 2020, 187 s. ISBN 978-80-7051-297-5.
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TRAILER STEERING WHEEL KINEMATICS
No full textPříspěvek řeší kinematickou vazbu průjezdu silničního vozidla zatáčkou. V textu je zpracována problematika kinematiky zatáčení u silničních vozidel, a to zejména jízdní soupravy. Za jízdní soupravu jsem zvolil nákladní tažné vozidlo a návěs. U konvenční jízdní soupravy při průjezdu zatáčkou dochází k odlišné stopě kol tažného vozidla a kol přípojného vozidla. Touto skutečností dochází ke zvětšení jízdní stopy (šířky jízdního pruhu). Jedná se o stav, který je velmi limitující při manipulaci s vozidlem v omezené prostoru, jako jsou městské ulice a silnice nižších tříd. Proto jsem se v příspěvku zabýval matematickou definici pro úhel natočení rejdových náprav návěsu. Výsledkem z příspěvku jsou odvozené kinematické vztahy, které definují dílčí úhly natočení náprav návěsu a to tak, aby právě tato kola kopírovala jízdní stopu tažného vozidla. Současně je teoretická stránka aplikována konkrétní případ tahače a návěsu. Tímto opatřením se výrazně zlepší manipulovatelnost s jízdní soupravou a velký přínos spatřuji i při autonomní jízdě soupravy. Kdy u přípojného vozidla je plně dostačující menší počet snímačů mapujících okolí vozidla při zachování vysokého stupně bezpečnosti.This paper addresses the issue of a road vehicle passing around a curve. The text discusses the kinematics of negotiating a curve for road vehicles, particularly for a vehicle combination. I chose a truck tractor and trailer as the vehicle combination. In a conventional combination, the wheel tracks of the tractor and the trailer wheels are different when going around a curve. This makes the path (lane width) bigger. This situation is very limiting when manoeuvring the vehicle in confined spaces, such as city streets and minor roads. Therefore, in the paper I have dealt with a mathematical definition for the trailer wheel angle. The outcome of this paper is a mathematical model offering a definition of the partial angles of rotation of the trailer axles so that these wheels follow the path of the tractor. This will significantly improve the maneuverability of the vehicle. I also foresee a great benefit in the autonomous driving of a vehicle combination. It is fully sufficient for the trailer to have fewer sensors mapping the vehicle’s surroundings without compromising the high level of safety
Aggressive Patient in Healthcare Facility – Experience of a Selected Sample of Nurses in the Czech Republic: Descriptive, Cross-Sectional Study
No full textAim: To identify and describe the experience of a selected sample of nurses with aggressive behaviour by patients and their family members. To describe what nurses rate as the most common causes of aggression and what strategies nurses most commonly use to manage it. To determine whether there is a statistically significant association between the incidence of aggressive behaviour and length of practice in the selected sample of nurses.
Methods: This study included a group of nurses from a selected healthcare facility, totalling 67 nurses. A self-constructed questionnaire was used. The data were processed in STATISTICA 12 software using descriptive statistics and Spearman\u27s correlation coefficient. This study complied with the EQUATOR (STROBE) checklist.
Results: More than 70% of the nurses in our study had experienced aggressive behaviour by a patient. Nurses are most often exposed to verbal aggression, especially swearing and insults. Less frequently, they encounter physical assault. Most often, it is the patients who are aggressive; patients’ families or visitors are rarely aggressive. To manage aggressive behaviour, nurses most often use calm, assertive communication. In the selected sample of nurses, there was no significant association between the incidence of aggressive behaviour and length of nursing experience.
Conclusions: Our results show that most of the nurses in the selected sample have negative experiences with aggressive behaviour. Knowledge of assertive communication can significantly contribute to minimising conflicts associated with aggressive behaviours in patients. The research conducted may serve as a basis for further research.Aim: To identify and describe the experience of a selected sample of nurses with aggressive behaviour by patients and their family members. To describe what nurses rate as the most common causes of aggression and what strategies nurses most commonly use to manage it. To determine whether there is a statistically significant association between the incidence of aggressive behaviour and length of practice in the selected sample of nurses.
Methods: This study included a group of nurses from a selected healthcare facility, totalling 67 nurses. A self-constructed questionnaire was used. The data were processed in STATISTICA 12 software using descriptive statistics and Spearman\u27s correlation coefficient. This study complied with the EQUATOR (STROBE) checklist.
Results: More than 70% of the nurses in our study had experienced aggressive behaviour by a patient. Nurses are most often exposed to verbal aggression, especially swearing and insults. Less frequently, they encounter physical assault. Most often, it is the patients who are aggressive; patients’ families or visitors are rarely aggressive. To manage aggressive behaviour, nurses most often use calm, assertive communication. In the selected sample of nurses, there was no significant association between the incidence of aggressive behaviour and length of nursing experience.
Conclusions: Our results show that most of the nurses in the selected sample have negative experiences with aggressive behaviour. Knowledge of assertive communication can significantly contribute to minimising conflicts associated with aggressive behaviours in patients. The research conducted may serve as a basis for further research