Aktuální otázky sociální politiky - teorie a praxe (E-Journal)
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The Measurements of Aerodynamic Effects in Tunnels on the Czech Railway Network
No full textČlánek představuje aerodynamická měření v tunelech na železniční síti ČR, jejichž hlavním úkolem bylo demonstrovat velikost efektů při rychlostech 160 až 200 km/h a analyzovat výsledky ve vztahu k nově projektovaným tratím. Jsou prezentovány ukázky naměřených tlakových změn a rychlostí proudění na pevné pozici v tunelu nebo tlakových změn na povrchu jedoucího vozidla. Dále jsou uvedena působící tlaková zatížení na vozidla a tlakový komfort cestujících pro tyto rychlosti. Závěrem jsou shrnuty související požadavky na vozidla, které tvoří důležitou součást návrhu a provozu na nových tratích v ČR s rychlostí 200 km/h.The article presents aerodynamic measurements in tunnels on Czech railway network whose main task was to demonstrate effect magnitudes at speeds of 160 to 200 km/h and to analyse the results in relation to new projects of lines. There are presented examples of measured pressure changes and airflow speeds on the fixed position inside tunnel or pressure changes on the surface of running train. Further there are shown pressure loads acting on the vehicle and passenger pressure comfort for such train speeds. Finally, there are summarised related requirements on vehicles that comprise important part of design and operation on new lines in the Czech Republic with the speed of 200 km/h
Adhesion Conditions under the Influence of Solid Flange Lubricants – Full-Scale Roller Rig Tests
No full textPři vývoji a testování maziv pro kontakt kolo–kolejnice se často používají laboratorní zařízení s náhradními tělesy malého měřítka. Takováto zařízení jsou vhodná, ba nezbytná pro jakoukoli jednotnou zkušební metodiku, avšak nemusí přesně reprezentovat všechny podmínky skutečného kontaktu kola a kolejnice; speciální zkušební zařízení většího měřítka se k nim mohou přiblížit lépe. Tento příspěvek předkládá zjištění ohledně vlivu tuhých maziv okolků na adhezní podmínky, jak je lze vyšetřit na kladkovém stavu v plném měřítku. K hodnocení jsou využity adhezní charakteristiky, které postihují adhezní podmínky ve větší úplnosti než jen časové průběhy součinitele tření při konstantním skluzu.Small-scale laboratory equipment with balls or discs representing the wheels and rails is often used in the development and testing of lubricants for the wheel–rail interface. Such devices are suitable, even necessary, for any standard test methodology, but they may not accurately represent all the conditions of actual wheel–rail contact; special test equipment of a larger scale can get closer to reality. This paper presents findings on the influence of flange lubricants on adhesion conditions, as they can be investigated on a full-scale roller rig. Adhesion characteristics (traction curves) are used for the evaluation, describing the adhesion conditions in greater completeness than just the time histories of the coefficient of friction at constant slip
Validation of an MBS Model of a Tram
No full textPříspěvek se zabývá validací MBS (více tělesový systém) modelu tříčlánkové tramvaje. Před validací byly parametry silových prvků modelu aktualizovány na základě experimentálních dat získaných od výrobců jednotlivých komponent vypružení. Validace modelu byla provedena na základě výsledků měření během stacionárních zkoušek vozidla. Stacionární zkoušky zahrnovaly vážení vyrobených tramvají, zkoušku stlačování podvozků, zkoušku vlastností pohybů v příčném směru a zkrucovací zkoušku. Pro dosažení co nejlepší shody mezi experimentálními daty a výsledky simulací byly optimalizovány hodnoty klíčových parametrů modelu pomocí citlivostní analýzy. Úspěšně provedenou validací bylo dosaženo potřebné věrohodnosti modelu pro jeho využití při simulačním posouzení stacionárních jízdně-technických vlastností v rámci schvalovacího procesu vozidla do provozu.The paper deals with the validation of an MBS (Multi-Body System) model of a three-section tram. Before the validation, the parameters of the model’s force elements were updated based on experimental data obtained from the manufacturers of the suspension components. The model validation was carried out based on measurement results obtained during stationary tests of the vehicle. The stationary tests included weighing of the manufactured trams, a bogie compression test, a determination of displacement characteristics test, and a twist test. To achieve the best agreement between the experimental data and the simulation results, key model parameter values were optimized using sensitivity analysis. Successful validation ensured the required credibility of the model for its use in simulation-based assessment of stationary ride characteristics as part of the vehicle homologation process
Klára BRŮHOVÁ et al., Ženy v architektuře: kritické studie a genderové analýzy českého architektonického prostředí po roce 1945 = Women in architecture: critical studies and gender analyses of the Czech architectural setting after 1945, [Praha], UMPRUM 20
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Jaroslav MILLER, Czechoslovakia Exiled: František Váňa and Hlas Domova, Praha, Nakladatelství Lidové noviny 2021, 165 s. ISBN 978-80-7422-818-6.
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Hyperreality and the Mass Production of Destiny: Baudrillardian Simulacra in Never Let Me Go
No full textExisting scholarship on Never Let Me Go has primarily engaged with its ethical, philosophical, and socio-political implications, particularly regarding cloning, human rights, and the commodification of life. While critics such as Rachel Carroll and Amit Marcus have examined the novel’s deconstruction of normative discourses on humanity, and Shameem Black has explored its engagement with multiculturalism and globalization, insufficient attention has been given to its postmodern ontological dimensions. This article addresses this critical gap by applying Jean Baudrillard’s theories of hyperreality, simulation, and simulacra to Ishiguro’s dystopian narrative. It argues that Never Let Me Go functions as a meditation on the dissolution of reality, wherein clones exist as third- and fourth-order simulacra — entities that mask the absence of a profound reality. Through an analysis of Hailsham’s institutional mechanisms, the novel’s representations of nostalgia, and the commodification of identity, this study illuminates the ways in which Ishiguro’s work critiques the hyperreal structures that define late capitalist societies. Ultimately, this article demonstrates how Never Let Me Go challenges conventional distinctions between the authentic and the artificial, exposing the mechanisms through which contemporary societies manufacture consent and obscure the erosion of human agency
“Persistence of Difference”: the National-Cultural Identity of the Cornish as a People on the Periphery of Britain
No full textCornish identity has been shaped by both Celtic and English influences. The county’s proximity to other Celtic peoples and its position on the periphery of Britain has fostered a “persistence of difference,” which, in turn, helped create a clear national-cultural identity, unique among other English counties. Cornish identity is also tied to forces of nature, industry, and tourism and, since the 19th century, the region and its people have experienced many changes, threats, and challenges. It has been during these times of upheaval and change that the Cornish have sought outlets to express and preserve their culture and infuse them with a distinct Cornish identity. The present paper discusses such cultural markers as language variety, politics, sport, and religion in this context and suggests that the Cornish, as a minority population group, have a national-cultural identity distinct from that of the majority English population, and that the position of the Cornish, as an ethnic group, is similar to that of minority groups in other countries (e.g. Basques, Catalans, or Rusyns)
Johannes Nádherný in the Fight Against Venereal Diseases
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Few diseases left such a mark on the culture of the long nineteenth century as syphilis, and yet so little is known about how the people who contracted it dealt with it. This study provides a reflection on the disease through the eyes of a patient, Baron Johannes Nádherný of Borutín, whose openness in his letters and numerous descriptions of the course of his treatment have made it possible to reconstruct his life with syphilis. Nádherný’s case is contextualised by his membership of the German Society for Combatting Venereal Diseases. It was found that thanks to the discourse of the German Society Johannes had great confidence in the developing modern medicine. He took a thorough interest in his treatment, actively seeking out leading dermatovenerologists, and as a result was able to build up a wide network of the most prestigious doctors. With those doctors he consulted on the most advanced treatment options for venereal diseases and had control over his therapy
