Marine Research in Indonesia (MRI - E-Journal)
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RECENT BLOOMING OF PYRODINIUM BAHAMENSE VAR. COMPRESSUM IN AMBON BAY, EASTERN INDONESIA
No full textIn Indonesia, Pyrodinium bahamense var. compressum was first recorded in Kao Bay in 1994. In 1996 the illness of more than 30 people and the death of 3 children after consuming shellfish from Ambon Bay was reported. Until the shellfish poisoning cases was reported, occurrences and blooms of P. bahamense, neither its toxic events had never been known in Ambon Bay. It has generated monitoring on the species occurrence which has been carried out since 2008. The bloom of P. bahamense was detected in July 2012. During the bloom event, concentrationsof phosphate, nitrate and dissolved oxygen were measured. Vertical profiles of temperature, salinity, turbidity and chlorophyll a were also measured during the red tide. Cells of P. bahamense, the PSP responsible species, were recorded abundant up to 2,496 cells/ml when red-brown water discoloration was observed in Ambon Bay. After the toxic red tide, human illness of 7 people due to shellfish consumption was also reported. In addition, the bloom event has damaged aquaculture products, due to mass mortality of cultured fish in inner Ambon Bay
HABITAT HEALTH OF ILOILO RIVER - INSIGHTS FROM A STUDY ON BENTHIC COMMUNITY STRUCTURE
No full textIn west central Philippines, the monitoring of aquatic systems traditionally focused on dissolved oxygen values and biological oxygen demand, e.g. monitoring by the Environmental Monitoring Bureau around Panay Island. However, single or two factors are considered to be insufficient to assess habitat health precisely. In this paper, we investigated a benthic community and xamined their implications to habitat health of the Iloilo River. According to a prior benthic survey, warning signs pertaining to biotic, abiotic and community factors have been detected. The disturbed onditions in Iloilo River can be attributed to 3 factors; 1) its inherent topography, where bends serve as sinks for materials; 2) the lack of vigorous water exchange that promotes deposition and hinders complete flushing; and 3) the manner of utilization of the river by the local people. We thus concluded that: 1) monitoring for water parameters only is not enough to get a clear picture of habitat health; and 2) proposed that biotic components should be included for monitoring aquatic system
TOWARD THE ESTABLISHMENT OF THE TOOLS FOR MONITORING COASTAL ENVIRONMENTS UTILIZING GENE RESPONSE IN ORYZIAS FISHES
No full textSoutheast Asia is known as a center of biodiversity of the earth. As economic growth of this region is remarkable, conservation of biodiversity is a top priority issue. For this purpose, it is important to monitor the environmental condition in effective ways. We are trying to detect pollutants in coastal and estuary waters through the expression level of pollutant-responsive genes of rice fishes of the genus Oryzias, widely distributed in Asia. Japanese medaka O. latipes is a useful model because whole genome sequence is available. Javanese medaka O. javanicus and Indian medaka O. dancena, both of which are widely distributed in Southeast Asia and adaptable to seawater, are also potential models. One possible method for pollution monitoring is the use of transgenic fish bearing artificialgene construct containing the pollutant-responsive promoter and a reporter gene. For example, transgenic strains that can detect estrogen-like substances have already been established. It is also probable to detect pollutants by quantifying mRNA or proteins expressed from the pollutant-responsive gene. In any case, the most important point is to identify the gene that responds to specific pollutants. Comprehensive transcriptomic analyses are powerful tool for this purpose. Organotin-responsive genes are being screened at present
CURRENT STATUS OF MYSID TAXONOMYIN SOUTHEAST ASIA
No full textThis paper reviews the current status of mysid taxonomy in Southeast Asia, encompassing the South China Sea as far north as Hong Kong, the Andaman Sea, the Philippines, and the Indonesian seas as far south as the northern Australian waters. According to the 188 scientific papers published before 2013, 23 species in five genera of the Order Lophogastrida and 207 species in 63 genera of the Order Mysida have been recorded from these waters. This amounts to about 20 % of the recent species of these orders so far reported in the world. The occurrence recordsof these species were summarized in a table and a figure. On the basis of this body of information, it is suggested that there is an urgent need for research to improve our understanding of the biodiversity of mysids in this region
A REVIEW OF ANTIFOULING BIOCIDES CONTAMINATIONS IN INDONESIA, MALAYSIA, THAILAND AND VIETNAM
No full textThe concentrations and the distribution of organotin (OT) compounds and booster biocides in sediment and biological samples from Indonesia, Malaysia, Thailand and Vietnam are reviewed. Basically, the concentrations of tributyltin (TBT) in these countries were within the levels that have been reported in developed countries. However, the concentrations of triphenyltin (TPT) and booster biocides were lower than the reported values. Concerning the spatial distribution of antifouling biocides, higher concentrations of OTs were detected in the industrial area and fishing ports. Among ASEAN countries, the highest concentrations of TBT and TPT were observed in Bitung, Indonesia, where many ships from Southeast Asia visit and is moored in the port. The ratio of detected alternative biocide differed from country to country. Especially, many booster biocides were detected and their concentrations were high in Vietnam
BUTYLTIN RESIDUES IN SEDIMENTS FROM THE EASTERN GULF OF THAILAND
No full textConcentrations of monobutyltin (MBT), dibutyltin (DBT) and tributyltin (TBT) compounds were analyzed in surface sediment samples collected from twelve stations along the Eastern Gulf of Thailand. The total butyltin (∑BTs) concentrations ranged between <1 and 109.7 ng g (dry weight). The overall concentration ranges found in the sediments were from <1 to 79.81 ng g-1 for MBT, from <1 to 9.5 ng g -1 for DBT, and from <1 to 29.8 ng g-1 for TBT, on a dry weight basis. MBT generally prevailed in most of the samples, suggesting the occurrence of old inputs of butyltin compounds in the area. Butyltin compounds were also measured in Nassarius sp., where ∑BTs concentrations were found to range between <1 and 238 ng g-1 (wet weight). The level of butyltin compounds in gastropod tissue samples tended to be related to that of the sediments and percentage of imposex incidence
ISOLATION AND DISTRIBUTION OF CRUDE OIL AND POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC HYDROCARBON-DEGRADING BACTERIA FROM POLLUTED HARBOURS IN NORTH JAKARTA
No full textSeveral harbours in North Jakarta have been polluted by spills of oil and their derivates. We suggest that diverse species of crude oil and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon-degrading bacteria  inhabit these harbours. An experiment was undertaken in 2007 to isolate crude oil and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH)-degrading bacteria from oil-polluted harbours, such as Muara Baru, Sunda Kelapa and Tanjung Priok. Sea water and sediment samples were collected twice, in March and April. Crude oil and PAH-degrading bacteria were isolated from enrichment culture of samples in an enrichment medium (SWP), using ONR7a medium with the addition of 5 types of PAH gases or Arabian Light Crude Oil 210 (ALCO 210) onto medium. This study reported that fluoranthene and crude oil-degrading bacteria were the major bacteria isolated from the three polluted harbours. In total, 109 isolates have been collected which can degrade crude oil (29% of total isolates), fluoranthene (33%), fluorene (20%), pyrene (7%), dibenzothiopene (6%), and phenantrene (5 %). Among these isolates, 5 isolates have the capability to degrade 5 types of PAH and ALCO 210. They were Alcanivorax sp. B-1084, Pseudomonas sp. D5-38b, Alcanivorax sp. TE-9, Bacillus sp. L41, Alcanivorax dieselolei strain B-5 clone 1. Culturable bacteria have been isolated mostly from the Sunda Kelapa samples, with fewer in those from Muara Baru and Tanjung Priok, respectivel
OCCURRENCE OF PSEUDO-NITZSCHIA SPECIES (BACILLARIOPHYCEAE) AT KUCHING ESTUARIES FROM YEAR 2007 TO 2010
No full textAmnesic shellfish poisoning (ASP) is a type of seafood poisoning due to human consumption on shellfish mollusks contaminated with algal toxin, domoic acid (DA) derived from the diatom Pseudo-nitzschia. Bloom dynamics of this diatom in tropical waters were poorly understood due to lack of long term study on the organism. Occurrence of Pseudo-nitzschia species was investigated at Santubong and Samariang estuarine waters, Kuching, Sarawak from 2007 to 2010. The estuaries were characterized by shallow water with semi-diurnal tidal cycle. Cell abundance was determined by microscopic enumeration. Temperature, pH, salinity and macronutrients at the sampling sites were determined at each sampling occasions. Highest cell density of Pseudo-nitzschia spp. was recorded 8.0 × 103 cells L in Santubong in April 2009 and P. brasiliana cells were found highest in October 2007 (2 × 104 cells L-1). Increase in cell abundance was coincided with high salinity and low precipitation rate. Water temperature and pH showed insignificant influence on the abundance of Pseudo-nitzschia spp. The result obtained in this study provided fundamental understanding on bloom dynamic of potential harmful Pseudo-nitzschia species in the tropical estuarine waters
RARELY REPORTED SPECIES OF INDONESIAN SEA CUCUMBERS
No full textMore than 300 sea cucumber species have been recorded from Indonesian waters. This paper presents eight species which have been rarely reported. Actinopyga bannwarthi Panning, 1944, were found among fished sea cucumbers collected by fishermen in Kupang and Karimunjawa. Stichopus pseudohorrens Cherbonnier, 1967, was found in West Timor waters; Thelenota rubralienata Massin & Lane, 1991, and A. caerulea Samyn, Vandenspiegel & Massin, 2006, were collected from the reef in Halmahera, North Maluku. Four other species i.e. Bohadschia atra Massin, Rasolofonirina, Conand, Samyn, 1999; B. subrubra Quoy and Gaimard, 1833; Holothuria (Metriatyla) fuligina Cherbonnier, 1988, and H. (Thymiosycia) gracilis Semper, 1868, were discovered from Lombok waters. The latest mentioned species was also found among fished sea cucumbers in Karimunjawa. All species except T. rubralineata may be new records for Indonesia. In the case of H. (Thymiosycia) gracilis Semper, 1868, it was new record for Lombok waters, following its discovery from West Seram, Central Maluku
SENSIBLE HEAT TRANSFER ON ATMOSPHERIC-OCEANIC BOUNDARY IN THE OUTER AMBON BAY OF INDONESIA
No full textAnalysis of air-sea temperatures and sensible heat flux was conducted to investigate heat transfer process on the atmospheric-oceanic boundary for the outer Ambon Bay. The analysis used SST data derived from both satellite product and in situ measurement using linear regression method, as well as meteorological data such as air temperature and wind speed during daytime. The goals of the current work were to evaluate the relationship between SST and air temperature in the outer Ambon Bay, and to investigate the variation of sensible heat flux in association with seasonal variability of the bay. The major findings were: 1) SST was predominantly lower than airtemperature, resulting in the dominance of negative feedback process on the atmospheric-oceanic boundary layer of the bay; 2) the seasonal SST variability was influenced by land heating and upwelling in the Banda Sea; 3) land heating resulted in large gradient of air-sea temperatures, whereas cooler upwelled waters exerted an opposite effect