Jurnal Perikanan UNRAM (Universitas Mataram)
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IDENTIFICATION OF SMOKED FISH PACKAGING SELECTION TO INCREASE SALES VALUE FOR SMOKED FISH PRODUCERS IN JAYAPURA CITY, PAPUA
Full text linkSmoked fish is a fish-based food product that is a leading product in Jayapura City, Papua. Most of the smoked fish demand in Jayapura City and surrounding districts is supplied from fish smoking centers in Hamadi and Imbi villages. The fish smoking technology used by producers, both in the fish smoking centers in Hamadi Village and the fish smoking centers in Imbi Village, is still relatively simple and unhygienic. Based on observations at smoked fish selling places, it was found that the average smoked fish trader sells their merchandise in an unpackaged condition. This makes the risk of contamination with pathogenic bacteria from the environment greater. The packaging materials used are also not able to protect smoked fish products from contamination that results in microbiological product damage. Common packaging materials used for smoked fish products are banana leaves, oil paper, and plastic bags. Based on the above problems, this study aims to determine how the packaging on smoked fish products in Jayapura City, Papua and how the role of packaging in improving the marketing of smoked fish products in Jayapura City, Papua. The tools and materials used in this research are stationery for writing, questionnaires for interviewing sources (business actors) and cameras for documentation. Data obtained from the field is presented in the form of pictures and analyzed securely.
Keywords: Jayapura City, Labeling, Packaging, Smoked Fish, Vacuum.Ikan asap merupakan produk makanan berbahan dasar ikan yang menjadi produk unggulan di Kota Jayapura, Papua. Sebagian besar kebutuhan ikan asap di Kota Jayapura dan Kabupaten di sekitarnya dipasok dari sentra-sentra pengasapan ikan di Kelurahan Hamadi dan Kelurahan Imbi. Teknologi pengasapan ikan yang digunakan oleh produsen, baik di sentra pengasapan ikan di Kelurahan Hamadi maupun sentra pengasapan ikan di Kelurahan Imbi, masih tergolong sederhana dan kurang higienis. Berdasarkan hasil observasi pada tempat-tempat penjualan ikan asap, ditemukan fakta bahwa rata-rata pedagang ikan asap menjual dagangannya dalam kondisi tidak terkemas. Hal ini membuat risiko kontaminasi bakteri patogen dari lingkungan menjadi lebih besar. Bahan kemas yang digunakan juga belum mampu melindungi produk ikan asap dari kontaminasi yang mengakibatkan kerusakan produk secara mikrobiologis. Bahan kemas yang umum digunakan untuk produk ikan asap adalah daun pisang, kertas minyak, dan kantong plastik. Berdasarkan permasalahan diatas maka penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui bagaimana kemasan pada produk ikan asap di Kota Jayapura, Papua dan bagaimana peran kemasan dalam meningkatkan pemasaran produk ikan asap di Kota Jayapura, Papua. Alat dan bahan yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah alat tulis untuk menulis, angket (questioner) untuk wawancara narasumber (pelaku usaha) dan kamera untuk dokumentasi. Data yang diperoleh dari lapangan disajikan dalam bentuk gambar serta dianalisis secara deskriptif. Hasil dari penelitian ini menunjukkan permasalahan produsen ikan asap di Kota Jayapura, Papua adalah pengemasan (packaging) tanpa menggunakan teknologi pengemasan, rendahnya informasi tentang umur simpan produk dengan kemasan vakum dan belum ada pelabelan untuk perluasan pangsa pasar.
Kata Kunci : Ikan Asap, Kota Jayapura, Pelabelan, Pengemasan, Vakum
DISTRBUTION OF SEAGRASS SPESCIES BASED ON SUBSTRATE TYPE IN THE WATERS OF SAWAPUDO VILLAGE, KONAWE REGENCY
Full text linkSeagrass meadows, which are extensive and distributed across various substrate types, play a crucial role in nutrient management and maintaining aquatic ecosystem stability. This study aims to determine the distribution of seagrass species, including seagrass density and seagrass cover percentage based on substrate types in the waters of Sawapudo Village. The purpose is to describe the condition of seagrass ecosystem distribution and provide initial information for coastal and marine resources. Seagrass sampling was conducted using quadrat transects at three stations determined by substrate type. The substrate types were sandy-muddy at Station I, muddy at Station II, and sandy at Station III. During the study period, the seagrass species found at the three stations were Enhalus acoroides, Thallasia hemprichii, Cymodocea rotundata, and Halodule uninervis. The average seagrass density at Station I was 216 shoots/m², at Station II was 293 shoots/m², and at Station III was 191 shoots/m². The seagrass cover percentage at Station I was 67.97%, at Station II was 72.45%, and at Station III was 53.44%. The seagrass distribution pattern at Station I had an Index of 1.64, at Station II an Index of 1.61, and at Station III an Index of 1.15. Differences in seagrass density are attributed to variations in substrate types. The seagrass cover percentage is influenced by the number of shoots, morphology, and substrate type. The seagrass species distribution pattern at the research location is clumped.
Key words: Coverage, Density, Distribution Pattern, Seagrass, Substrate TypePadang lamun yang luas dan tersebar di berbagai tipe substrat berperan penting dalam pengelolaan nutrien dan menjaga kestabilan ekosistem perairan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui distribusi jenis lamun meliputi kerapatan jenis lamun dan persentase penutupan lamun berdasarkan tipe substrat perairan Desa Sawapudo. Kegunaan menggambarkan kondisi distribusi ekosistem padang lamun dan data sebagai informasi awal bagi sumberdaya pesisir dan laut khususnya. Pengambilan sampel lamun menggunakan transek kuadrat di tiga stasiun yang ditentukan berdasarkan tipe substrat. Tipe substrat stasiun I yaitu pasir berlumpur, stasiun II berlumpur dan stasiun III pasir. Selama periode penelitian jenis lamun yang ditemukan pada 3 stasiun yaitu Enhalus acoroides, Thallasia hemprichii, Cymodocea rotundata, dan Halodule uninervis. Rata-rata kerapatan jenis lamun pada stasiun I yaitu 216 tegakan/m2, stasiun II yaitu 293 tegakan/m2 dan stasiun III yaitu 191. Sedangkan persentase penutupan jenis lamun pada stasiun I yaitu 67,97%, stasiun II yaitu 72,45% dan stasiun III yaitu 53,44%. Pola distribusi lamun pada stasiun I yaitu Indeks 1,64, stasiun II yaitu Indeks1,61 dan stasiun III yaitu Indeks 1,15. Perbedaan kerapatan jenis lamun disebabkan perbedaan tipe substrat. Persentase penutupan lamun dipengaruhi jumlah tegakan, morfologi dan tipe substrat. Pola penyebaran jenis lamun pada lokasi penelitian yaitu pola sebaran mengelompok.
Kata Kunci: Lamun, Kerapatan, Penutupan, Pola Distribusi, Tipe Substra
CATCH RESULTS PER EFFORT (CPUE) AND MAXIMUM SUSTAINABILITY YIELD (MSY) ANALIZYS OF SELAR FISH (SELAROIDES SPP.) AT THE DONGGALA REGENCY WATERS
Full text linkThe potential of Selar Fish (Selaroides spp.) caught by fishermen in the waters of Donggala Regency requires in-depth study to support sustainable management and ensure its sustainability in the future. This research aims to analyze catch per unit effort (CPUE) as well as the maximum sustainable potential of trevally (Selaroides spp.) in the region. The research location covers three administrative areas, namely Labean Village (Balaesang District), Ogoamas Village (North Sojol District), and Labuan Bajo Village (Banawa District). The research results show that the average trevally production during the 2017-2023 period reached 5,019.06 tons per year, with an average fishing effort of 2,479.66 trips per year. The average catch per attempt (CPUE) was recorded at 2,394.92 tons/trip. Based on analysis using the Schaefer model, the maximum sustainable potential (hMSY) is obtained with a maximum biological production of 6,238 tons per year. Maximum economic profit is achieved at a hMEY production level of 6,152 tons per year, while the equilibrium condition for fisheries in open access (hOAY) occurs at a production level of 2,579 tons per year. In terms of fishing effort, the biologically optimum number of efforts (EMSY) is 3,175 trips per year, economically (EMEY) it is 2,803 trips per year, while in open access conditions (EOAY) it reaches 5,606 trips per year. This data indicates that MEY-based management is more advisable to maximize economic benefits while maintaining the sustainability of trevally resources. These findings can be a basis for policy makers in establishing sustainable fisheries management strategies in the waters of Donggala RegencyPotensi Ikan Selar (Selaroides spp.) yang ditangkap oleh nelayan di perairan Kabupaten Donggala memerlukan kajian mendalam untuk mendukung pengelolaan yang berkelanjutan dan memastikan kelestariannya di masa depan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis hasil tangkapan per upaya (catch per unit effort/CPUE) serta potensi lestari maksimum ikan selar (Selaroides spp.) di wilayah tersebut. Lokasi penelitian mencakup tiga wilayah administrasi, yaitu Desa Labean (Kecamatan Balaesang), Desa Ogoamas (Kecamatan Sojol Utara), dan Kelurahan Labuan Bajo (Kecamatan Banawa). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa rata-rata produksi ikan selar selama periode 2017-2023 mencapai 5.019,06 ton per tahun, dengan rata-rata upaya penangkapan sebanyak 2.479,66 trip per tahun. Rata-rata tangkapan per upaya (CPUE) tercatat sebesar 2.394,92 ton/trip. Berdasarkan analisis menggunakan model Schaefer, potensi lestari maksimum (hMSY) diperoleh dengan produksi hayati maksimum sebesar 6.238 ton per tahun. Keuntungan ekonomi maksimum tercapai pada tingkat produksi hMEY sebesar 6.152 ton per tahun, sementara kondisi keseimbangan perikanan dalam akses terbuka (hOAY) terjadi pada tingkat produksi 2.579 ton per tahun. Dalam hal upaya penangkapan, jumlah upaya optimum secara biologis (EMSY) adalah 3.175 trip per tahun, secara ekonomi (EMEY) adalah 2.803 trip per tahun, sedangkan dalam kondisi akses terbuka (EOAY) mencapai 5.606 trip per tahun. Data ini mengindikasikan bahwa pengelolaan berbasis MEY lebih disarankan untuk memaksimalkan manfaat ekonomi sambil menjaga keberlanjutan sumber daya ikan selar. Temuan ini dapat menjadi dasar bagi pengambil kebijakan dalam menetapkan strategi pengelolaan perikanan yang berkelanjutan di perairan Kabupaten Donggal
FISHERMAN RESOURCE MANAGEMENT STRATEGY FOR ECONOMIC RECOVERY POST EARTHQUAKE AND TSUNAMI IN DONGGALA DISTRICT,CENTRAL SULAWESI PROVINCE
Full text linkKondisi produksi perikanan di Kabupaten Donggala mengalami penurunan yang signifikan akibat bencana gempa dan tsunami pada tahun 2018. Pasca bencana, pemerintah melakukan berbagai upaya rehabilitasi untuk pemulihan perekonomian lokal. Tujuan Penelitian ini untuk mengetahui strategi pemerintah dan nelayan dalam meningkatkan pendapatan pasca bencana gempa dan tsunami. Metode yang digunakan berupa analisis data deskriptif kualitatif. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa sebelum terjadi gempa dan tsunami, masyarakat nelayan pesisir bergantung sepenuhnya pada aktivitas penangkapan ikan di laut untuk memenuhi kebutuhan hidup mereka. Rata-rata pendapatan responden nelayan yang terdampak gempa dan tsunami mencapai Rp 10.383.775. Angka ini diperoleh dari rata-rata penerimaan sebesar Rp 168.404.125 setelah dikurangi dengan rata-rata total biaya yang tercatat sebesar Rp 158.020.350. Strategi pemerintah untuk meningkatkan pendapatan nelayan pasca gempa dan tsunami meliputi penyediaan bantuan kepada nelayan, pemberdayaan dan pelatihan nelayan, pengembangan budidaya perikanan, perbaikan infrastruktur, peningkatan akses pasar, serta kolaborasi dengan oeganisasi internasional dan lembaga swadaya masyarakat. Selain itu, pemerintah juga berfokus pada pemulihan perekonomian lokal melalui usaha mikro, kecil dan menengah (UMKM) serta pemberdayaan masyarakat dan pemulihan ekosistem pesisir. Disisi lain, para nelayan masih memilih untuk tetap berfokus pada usaha pengkapan ikan sebagai strategi untuk meningkatkan pendapatan mereka pasca bencanaThe condition of fisheries production in Donggala Regency experienced a significant decline due to the earthquake and tsunami in 2018. After the disaster, the government made various rehabilitation efforts to restore the local economy. The aim of this research is to determine the government and fishermen's strategies in increasing income after the earthquake and tsunami disaster. The method used is qualitative descriptive data analysis. The results of the study show that before the earthquake and tsunami, coastal fishing communities relied entirely on fishing activities at sea to meet their living needs. The average income of fishermen respondents affected by the earthquake and tsunami reached IDR 10,383,775. This figure was obtained from the average receipt of IDR 168,404,125 after deducting the average total costs recorded at IDR 158,020,350. The government's strategy to increase fishermen's income after the earthquake and tsunami includes providing assistance to fishermen, empowering and training fishermen, developing fisheries cultivation, improving infrastructure, increasing market access, and collaborating with international organizations and non-governmental organizations. In addition, the government also focuses on restoring the local economy through micro, small, and medium enterprises (MSMEs) as well as community empowerment and restoring coastal ecosystems. On the other hand, fishermen still choose to focus on fishing efforts as a strategy to increase their income after the disaste
Pengaruh Penambahan Probiotik Pada Pakan Terhadap Kelangsungan Hidup Dan Pertumbuhan Ikan Nila (Oreochromis niloticus) dalam Sistem Akuaponik
Full text linkTilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) is a freshwater fish with economic commodity value and an important commodity in the freshwater fish business in Indonesia. Problems often encountered in efforts to increase tilapia cultivation production are the reduction of empty land for cultivation activities and complex water sources in some areas. Land availability and water source supply are two main factors determining fisheries cultivation's success. Aquaponics is an alternative cultivation method that can save land and water use and optimize cultivation waste into plant biomass as a by-product with a selling value. The method used in this research is the Completely Randomized Design (CRD) experimental method, which consists of four treatments and three replications. The treatments used consist of (A) without mixing probiotics (negative control), (B) adding probiotics 5 ml.kg-1 feed, (C) adding probiotics 7.5 ml.kg-1 feed, and (D) adding probiotics 10 ml.kg-1 feed. The test tilapia were cultured in an aquaponic system with lettuce plants for 40 days with a density of 20 fish/80L. Feeding was carried out using the feeding rate (FR) method of 5% of biomass. The results obtained during the study showed that treatment C with a dose of 7.5 ml.kg-1 of feed produced positive conditions that were significantly different in terms of a specific growth rate of 2.30 ± 0.1%, 100% survival, and feed efficiency of 56.5 ± 1.6%, absolute length was 3.08 ± 0.07 cm and absolute weight was 13.14 ± 1.53 gramIkan nila (Oreochromis niloticus) merupakan salah satu ikan air tawar yang memiliki nilai komoditas ekonomis dan merupakan komoditas penting dalam bisnis ikan air tawar di Indonesia. Permasalahan yang sering ditemui pada upaya meningkatkan produksi budidaya ikan nila adalah berkurangnya lahan kosong untuk kegiatan budidaya serta sumber air yang sulit pada beberapa wilayah. Ketersediaan lahan dan pasokan sumber air merupakan dua faktor utama yang menentukan keberhasilan budidaya perikanan. Akuaponik merupakan salah satu alternatif metode budidaya yang mampu menghemat penggunaan lahan dan air, serta mengoptimalkan limbah budidaya menjadi biomassa tumbuhan sebagai produksi sampingan yang juga memiliki nilai jual. Metode yang digunakan dalam riset ini adalah metode eksperimental Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL), yang terdiri dari empat perlakuan dan tiga ulangan. Perlakuan yang digunakan terdiri atas (A) tanpa pencampuran probiotik (kontrol negatif), (B) penampahan probiotik 5 ml.kg-1 pakan (C) penambahan probiotik 7,5 ml.kg-1 pakan, (D) penampahan probiotik 10 ml.kg-1 pakan. Ikan nila uji dibudidayakan dalam sistem akuaponik bersama dengan tanaman selada selama 40 hari dengan densitas 20 ekor ikan/80L air. Pemberian pakan dilakukan dengan metode feeding rate (FR) sebanyak 5% dari biomassa. Hasil yang didapatkan selama penelitian menunjukkan bahwa perlakuan C dengan dosis 7,5 ml.kg-1 pakan menghasilkan kondisi positif yang berbeda secara signifikan ditinjau dari laju pertumbuhan spesifik yang bernilai 2.30 ± 0.1%, 100% sintasan, efisiensi pakan sebesar 56.5 ± 1.6%, panjang mutlak sebesar 3,08 ± 0,07 cm dan bobot mutlak sebesar 13,14 ± 1,53 gra
STRUCTURE OF CORAL COMMUNITY IN SIDODADI VILLAGE, TELUK PANDAN DISTRICT, PESAWARAN REGENCY
Full text linkIndonesian waters have abundant natural resources, one of which is coral reefs. The purpose of this study was to analyze the structure of the coral community in Sidodadi Village, Pesawaran Regency. The research was conducted in September 2023. The research location was in the waters of Sidodadi Village, Teluk Pandan District, Pesawaran Regency, Lampung Province. The research method used Underwater Photo Transect (UPT). Data analysis with CPCe software. The percentage of live coral cover in the observation area at station 1 was 44,65%, station 2 was 0,12%, station 3 was 78,03% and station 4 was 44,05%. The category of coral cover percentage was very good, moderate and poor. The physicochemical conditions of the waters were classified as good to support coral growth. The diversity index value at the research location was included in the low category, the uniformity index value was included in the low and high categories and the dominance index value was included in the low and high categories. The physicochemical parameters of the waters that most influenced the amount of coral cover were dissolved oxygen and brightness.Indonesian waters have abundant natural resources, one of which is coral reefs. The purpose of this study was to analyze the structure of the coral community in Sidodadi Village, Pesawaran Regency. The research was conducted in September 2023. The research location was in the waters of Sidodadi Village, Teluk Pandan District, Pesawaran Regency, Lampung Province. The research method used Underwater Photo Transect (UPT). Data analysis with CPCe software. The percentage of live coral cover in the observation area at station 1 was 44,65%, station 2 was 0,12%, station 3 was 78,03% and station 4 was 44,05%. The category of coral cover percentage was very good, moderate and poor. The physicochemical conditions of the waters were classified as good to support coral growth. The diversity index value at the research location was included in the low category, the uniformity index value was included in the low and high categories and the dominance index value was included in the low and high categories. The physicochemical parameters of the waters that most influenced the amount of coral cover were dissolved oxygen and brightness
Estimasi Produksi Ikan Melalui Analisis Nutrien Seresah Mangrove Avicennia Sp. Di Kawasan Mangrove Information Center Wonorejo-Surabaya, Provinsi Jawa Timur
No full textMangrove forest is a very fertile ecosystem and is located in the coastline so that it has a major contribution to the surrounding environment. Mangrove tree litter that falls will be a food source for aquatic biota and nutrients that greatly determine the productivity of marine fisheries. The purpose of this study was to analyze the production of nutrients (N, P) from mangrove leaf litter, suspect the primary production of phytoplankton from nutrients released from mangrove leaf litter, and to estimate the carrying capacity of the mangrove ecosystem on fish production. This research station determination method uses a purposive randome sampling method with reference to the mangrove density and determination of the sampling point. Litter production measurements using themethod litter trap and decomposition rate using themethod litter bag. Estimation of fish production using the Beveridge (1984) method approach. The amount of nutrients released by mangrove Avicennia sp. per day at the mangrove Information Center which is 0.0350-0.0503 g N / m / day and the release of Phosphorus ranges between 0.0018-0.0053 g P / m2 / day. The value of primary production in the mangrove ecosystem information center Wonorejo-Surabaya is quite high ranging from 460 to 690 g C / m2 / yr, and is included in the category of fertile to very fertile. Herbivor fish production ranges from 462.04 to 690 kg / ha / yr; Carnivorous fish ranged from 46.20 to 69 kg / ha / yr and total fish production ranged from 595.80 kg / ha / yr. The total fish production illustrates the potential of fish production contributed from the mangrove ecosystem at 595.80 kg / year.Hutan mangrove merupakan ekosistem ang sangat subur dan berada di daerah garis pantai sehingga memiliki kontribusi besar terhadap lingkungan sekitarnya. Serasah pohon mangrove yang jatuh akan menjadi sumber makanan bagi biota perairan dan unsur hara yang sangat menentukan produktivitas perikanan laut. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk menganalisis produksi nutrien (N, P) dari serasah daun mangrove, menduga produksi primer fitoplankton dari nutrien hasil pelepasan serasah daun mangrove, menduga daya dukung ekosistem mangrove terhadap produksi ikan. Metode penentuan stasiun penelitian ini menggunakan metode purposive randome sampling dengan mengacu pada kerapatan mangrove dan penentuan titik sampling. Pengukuran produksi serasah menggunakan metode litter trap dan laju dekomposisi menggunakan metode litter bag. Pendugaan produksi ikan menggunakan pendekatan metode Beveridge (1984). Jumlah nutrien yang dilepaskan mangrove Avicennia sp. per harinya di mangrove Information Center yaitu 0,0350–0,0503 g N /m /hr dan pelepasan Fosfor berkisar antar 0,0018–0,0053 g P/m²/hr. Nilai produksi primer di ekosistem mangrove information center Wonorejo-Surabaya cukup tinggi berkisar 460-690 g C/m²/th, dan termasuk dalam kategori subur sampai sangat subur. Produksi ikan herbivor berkisar 462,04-690 kg/ha/th; ikan karnivor berkisar 46,20-69 kg/ha/th dan produksi total ikan berkisar 595,80 kg/ha/th. Produksi total ikan tersebut menggambarkan potensi produksi ikan yang disumbang dari ekosistem mangrove sebesar 595,80 kg/th
THE EFFECT OF DIFFERENT SALINITY ON THE SURVIVAL OF VANAME SHRIMP (Litopenaeus vannamei) SIZE PL8-12 IN EXPERIMENTAL TANK
Full text linkVaname shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) seed production fluctuates and naturally, seasonal factors are one of the causes. The rainy season causes sea water salinity to tend to decrease, whereas the dry season causes sea water salinity to tend to increase. Physiologically, the dynamics of salinity can influence the survival of vaname shrimp seeds and the process is regulated through osmoregulation, namely the response to regulating osmotic pressure between body fluids and the aquatic environment. This study used an experimental method with Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with 4 salinity treatments and 6 replications. The salinity tested included 27 ppt (treatment A), 29 ppt (treatment B), 31 ppt (treatment C), and 33 ppt (treatment D). The test animals for this study used whiteleg shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) size PL8-12 with an average weight of 0.001 g/individual. The stocking density was 15 individuals/liter and the maintenance media was a mixture of seawater and freshwater with a total volume of 3 liters/tank. The results showed that treatment D produced the best effect for the survival of whiteleg shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) size PL8-12 of 98.5%. Water quality data obtained from acidity levels of 8.3-8.5, temperatures ranging from 27-280C and dissolved oxygen ranging from 4.4-4.5 ppm.Produksi benih udang vaname (Litopenaeus vannamei) berfluktuasi dan secara alami, faktor musiman menjadi salah satu penyebabnya. Musim hujan menyebabkan salinitas air laut cenderung menurun, sedangkan musim kemarau menyebabkan salinitas air laut cenderung meningkat. Secara fisiologis, dinamika salinitas dapat mempengaruhi kelangsungan hidup bibit udang vaname dan prosesnya diatur melalui osmoregulasi, yaitu respon terhadap pengaturan tekanan osmotik antara cairan tubuh dan lingkungan perairan. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode eksperimental dengan Completely Randomized Design (CRD) yang terdiri dari 4 perlakuan dengan 6 ulangan. Penelitian ini menggunakan perlakuan salinitas yang berbeda dalam memelihara udang vaname (Litopenaeus vannamei) ukuran PL8-12, perlakuan A; 27 ppt, pengobatan B; 29 ppt, pengobatan C; 31 ppt dan pengobatan D; 33 ppt. Satwa uji penelitian ini menggunakan udang vaname (Litopenaeus vannamei) ukuran PL8-12 dengan berat rata-rata 0,001 g/individu. Kepadatan tebar 15 individu/liter dan media percobaan menggunakan campuran air tawar dan air laut dengan volume 3 liter/bak. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa perlakuan D memberikan efek terbaik untuk kelangsungan hidup udang vaname (Litopenaeus vannamei) ukuran PL8-12 sebesar 98,5%. Data kualitas air diperoleh dari tingkat keasaman 8,3-8,5, suhu berkisar antara 27-280C dan oksigen terlarut berkisar antara 4,4-4,5 ppm